Effects of Growth Regulators on Fruiting and Yield of Black Gram (Phaseolus Mungo, Roxb.) in India

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Mehrotra ◽  
H. K. Saxena ◽  
A. N. Roy ◽  
Shiva Nath
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Phaseolus Mungo ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid

SUMMARYAn experiment was conducted in 1964 and 1965 to study the effects of hormone sprays on pod setting, pod filling and grain yield of black gram. Sprays of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid and p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, alone and in 'mixture, and gibberellic acid and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid increased pod setting, but grain filling in pods and grain size were only slightly improved. 2-naphthoxyacetic acid gave the highest yield, followed by p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and a mixture of the first two, which increased yield by 56, 39, 36 and 35 per cent respectively over the control and gave economic returns.

scholarly journals The Rho-family GTPase OsRac1 controls rice grain size and yield by regulating cell division

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (32) ◽  
pp. 16121-16126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Renyi Liu ◽  
Hong-Wei Xue ◽  
Zhenbiao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rop Gtpase ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Grain Width

Grain size is a key factor for determining grain yield in crops and is a target trait for both domestication and breeding, yet the mechanisms underlying the regulation of grain size are largely unclear. Here we show that the grain size and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) is positively regulated by ROP GTPase (Rho-like GTPase from plants), a versatile molecular switch modulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Overexpression of rice OsRac1ROP not only increases cell numbers, resulting in a larger spikelet hull, but also accelerates grain filling rate, causing greater grain width and weight. As a result, OsRac1 overexpression improves grain yield in O. sativa by nearly 16%. In contrast, down-regulation or deletion of OsRac1 causes the opposite effects. RNA-seq and cell cycle analyses suggest that OsRac1 promotes cell division. Interestingly, OsRac1 interacts with and regulates the phosphorylation level of OsMAPK6, which is known to regulate cell division and grain size in rice. Thus, our findings suggest OsRac1 modulates rice grain size and yield by influencing cell division. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of rice grain size and suggests that OsRac1 could serve as a potential target gene for breeding high-yield crops.

Fruit splitting in grapes: Determination of the critical turgor pressure

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Considine ◽  
PE Kriedemann
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Grape Cultivars

A technique was devised to measure the internal turgor pressure required for fruit rupture in order to assess resistance to splitting objectively rather than rely solely on field observation. In the laboratory, fruit of uniform maturity and known osmotic potential were immersed in a range of osmotica to create a known turgor pressure at equilibrium. "Critical turgor", the pressure which resulted in 50% of the berries splitting, was approximately 15 atm in grape cultivars prone to splitting and 40 atm in resistant cultivars. Cultural treatments with growth regulators subsequently affected fruit resilience. p-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid lowered critical turgor, while gibberellic acid caused an increase. These laboratory-based observations coincided with field experience. Additional factors in fruit splitting, including berry morphology and anatomy, are discussed.

Studies of grain production in Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench). III.* The relative importance of assimilate supply, grain growth capacity and transport system

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Fischer ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Root Potential ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

In field and glasshouse experiments with grain sorghum (cv. RS610), the assimilate supply was varied by increasing or decreasing radiation and carbon dioxide supply; the potential grain storage capacity was altered by spikelet removal; and the transport system was reduced by incision of the culm. Plants grown at four population densities in the field were manipulated to increase (by removing neighbouring plants) or decrease (by shading) the supply of photosynthates during grain filling. These treatments affected grain size and thus yield. Removal of some of the spikelets at three-quarter anthesis resulted in a significant increase in the size of those grains remaining at maturity. From anthesis onward, a reduction in the capacity of the transport system in the culm had no significant effect on grain yield. These results are interpreted as evidence that grain yield is not limited by the storage capacity of the grain, or by the transport system involved in moving material from the stem to the grain. Treatments which altered the demand for assimilates by the grain, relative to the supply, did not affect net photosynthesis. Dry matter produced in excess of grain requirements accumulated in other plant parts, including the root. Potential grain size was influenced by interspikelet competition operating within 1 week after three-quarter anthesis. *Part II, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 22: 39-47 (1971).

scholarly journals Response of elevated temperature on carbohydrate accumulation and grain yield in different wheat cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyema Khatun ◽  
Jalal Uddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

In order to study the response of terminal heat stress on carbohydrate accumulation and grain yield of three wheat cultivars namely BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26 and Pavon 76 were sown on 18 November, 2011 in experimental field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur in Bangladesh and two temperature regimes viz. normal (23°C in open field) and elevated (6 ± 1°C higher compare to open field mean air temperature in polythene chamber) were created. Elevated temperature shortened the grain filling duration by 5-day in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 and 10-day in Pavon 76. Under elevated temperature condition grain starch synthesis was found to be stopped at 25 days after anthesis (DAA) in Pavon 76 which in BARI Gom 26 appeared 5-day later (30 DAA) in spite of higher level of soluble sugar in grain. Results indicate that early failure of conversion of sugar to starch rather than supply of soluble sugar under elevated temperature condition were responsible for shortening of grain filling duration and smaller grain size in all wheat cultivars. Smaller reduction of grain size and grain number along with smaller reduction of grain weight per main stem under elevated temperature condition finally contributed to sustain negligible loss of grain yield, biological yield and harvest index in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 compare to Pavon 76.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(2): 205-215, June 2015

scholarly journals Callus induction and plant regeneration of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. IPA 5) via anther culture

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Christina Rabello Brasileiro ◽  
Lilia Willadino ◽  
Gianna Griz Carvalheira ◽  
Marcelo Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Diploid Cells

Different growth regulators combinations were tested on the production of anther callus in tomato cultivar IPA 5. Calli were induced on media supplemented with 1.0mgL-1 gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.05mgL-1 alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 0.1mgL-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), or with 1.0mgL-1 BAP plus 1.0mgL-1 NAA. The medium containing 1.0mgL-1 BAP and 1.0mgL-1 NAA produced the highest calli frequency, and promoted plant regeneration by indirect organogenesis, when calli were transferred to 0.01mgL-1 BAP and 0.001mgL-1 NAA. Plants regenerated presented tetraploid cells and rare diploid cells. These tetraploid plants could be used as source for further obtainment of trisomic lines, for the purpose of genic localization studies and protein compounds analysis.

Tolerance of mung beans (Vigna radiata) to bentazone

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (99) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
WL Felton
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Number Of Seeds

An experiment done in 1977 indicated that mung bean yield was reduced after spraying with bentazone. A more detailed study in 1978 with spraying times at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after sowing showed that in both Berken (green gram) and Regur (black gram) phytotoxicity was most severe when spraying was near the commencement of flowering, i.e. the 6 weeks spraying time. Visual leaf burning ratings after each spraying time indicated that Regur was more sensitive to bentazone than Berken. This was also shown by the grain yield being reduced more with Regur than Berken for bentazone applications at 3 or 9 weeks after sowing. Where two applications of bentazone were made a large reduction in yield occurred if one of the applications was at 6 weeks after sowing. Again, applications at 3 + 9 weeks affected Regur more than Berken. Bentazone influenced yield most by reducing the number of pods per plant, but there was also a significant reduction in the number of seeds per pod. Grain size was smaller with increased and repeated rates of bentazone with Regur, but larger with Berken.

scholarly journals Growth Regulators Influence Root and Shoot Development of Micropropagated Algerian Ivy

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1079-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Al-Juboory ◽  
D.J. Williams ◽  
R.M. Skirvin
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Proliferation Medium ◽  
Better Than

Shoots of greenhouse-grown Algerian ivy (Hedera canariensis L.) were surface disinfected and explanted on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BA (10 μm) and NAA (2.5 μm). One month later the shoots were transferred to MS proliferation medium supplemented with TDZ (0.1 or 0.5 μm) and NAA (40 μm). An average of three microshoots developed on each stem treated with TDZ. Pruned shoots grown on MS medium supplemented with GA3 (20 μm) and BA (20 μm) branched better than unpruned shoots (3.7 vs. 1 per explant, respectively). Rooted shoots grown ex vitro grew and developed a shape suitable for commercial sale in 3 months. Chemical names used: N -(phenyl-methyl)-l H -purine-6-amine (BA); gibberellic acid (GA3); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NM); N -phenyl-W-1,2,3-thiadiazo-5-yl urea (Thidiazuron, TDZ).

scholarly journals Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Zahid ◽  
Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽  
Mansor Hakiman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Disease Free

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

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