Effect of Intensity and Timing of Defoliation on Growth, Yield Components and Grain Yield in Maize

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
N'Guettia R. Yao ◽  
Kabrah Yeboua ◽  
Angbonou Kafrouma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Emergence Rate

SummaryEarly season defoliation of maize significantly reduced plant height and leaf area index but leaf number and leaf emergence rate were not affected. Ear development was significantly affected by both early and late season defoliation although tassel development was barely influenced. Silk growth was the phase of ear development most sensitive to defoliation. Early season defoliation significantly reduced all yield components, leading to yield losses ranging from 54 to 100%. The position of the leaves which were removed had an important effect on the final grain yield. Harvest index was affected by both the intensity and timing of defoliation.

scholarly journals Root-shoot characteristics, yield and economics of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under variable rates of phosphorus and nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi Omran ◽  
Anchal Dass ◽  
GA Rajanna ◽  
Shiva Dhar ◽  
Anil K Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Pod Length

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition on growth, yield, economics, production efficiency (PE) and monetary efficiency (ME) of mungbean. Application of 55 kg N/ha caused improvement in root- and shoot-dry weight, leaf area index and biological yield. However, 40 kg N/ha recorded the highest pod length (8.2 cm), grains/plant (284), grain yield (2.1 t/ha), harvest index (29.4%), net returns (1,28,651 AFN/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.6), PE (24 kg/ha/day) and ME (1,429 AFN/ha/day). Use of 60 kg P2O5 /ha resulted in the highest pod length (8.3 cm), seeds/plant (285), grain yield (2.0 t/ha), harvest index (30.5%), net returns (1,161,22.9 AFN/ha), benefit: cost ratio (2.4), PE (22.4 kg/ha/day) and ME (1,290 AFN/ha/day). The combination of 40 kg N/ha and 60 kg P2O5 /ha recorded the highest yield, net returns, benefit: cost ratio, PE and ME. Hence, mungbean grown field should be treated with 40 kg N/ha and 60 kg P2O5/ha fertilizers for its higher productivity and profitability.

scholarly journals Impact of fertilization with reducing in nitrogen and phosphorous application on growth, yield and biomass accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under a dual cropping system

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11668
Author(s):  
Ke Wu ◽  
Izhar Ali ◽  
Huimin Xie ◽  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

The current farming system in China is heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely affect soil quality and crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer application rate on the growth, yield, and yield components of rice cultivars in the Binyang, Beiliu and Liucheng sites of southern China in the early (March to July) and late season (August to December). The study consisted of three fertilization regimes—CK (N0P0); N180P90 (180 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) and N90P45 (90 kg N ha−1 + 45 kg P2O5)—conducted at each of three different experimental sites with four cultivars (Baixang 139, Y Liangyou 1, Guiyu 9, and Teyou 582). Results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) was 38.8% found higher in Guiyu 9 compared with Baxiang at reduced fertilization (N90P45). N90P45 resulted higher dry matter production at the heading (9411.2 kg ha−1) and maturity (15319.5 kg ha−1) stages in Teyou 582 at Beiliu. Fertilization (N180P90) had higher effective panicle number (4,158,800 panicle ha−1) and grains panicle−1 (113.84 grains) compared with other treatments. Teyou 582 treated with N90P45 and Y Liangyou 1 treated with N180P90 improved seed setting rate average by 82.91% and 72.17% compared with other treatments at Beiliu in both seasons, respectively. N0P0 and N90P45 increased the thousand-grain weight (TGW) of Y Liangyou 1 at Binyang (27.07 g) and Liucheng (27.84 g) during the early and late seasons, respectively. In Beiliu, the N90P45 treatment (6611.7 kg ha−1) of Teyou 582 increased grain yield compared with other treatments. Overall, our results suggested that reducing N and P at the ratio of 90:45 kg ha−1 in Teyou 582 and Y Liangyou 1 could increase rice grain yield and yield components.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Blended NPS Fertilizer Rates and Inter Row Spacing on Yield Components and Yield of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abduraman Nure ◽  
Husen Aman Jara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Area Index

Corn is an important cereal crop in Ethiopia due to its use as a source of food security. However, its productivity is limited by insufficient application of the NPS fertilizer and different row spacing. A field trial was carried out to assess the effects of the application of different NPS fertilizer quantities and inter row spacing on the growth, yield components and yield of maize and the cost-benefit analysis of the NPS compound fertilizer application on the yield of maize in the main growing season 2019/2020.The study was arranged in a factorial combination of five levels of NPS fertilizers (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg NPS ha-1) and four inter row spacing (55 cm, 65 cm, 75 cm and 85 cm). in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The consequence showed the main result of the NPS fertilizer had a highly significant (p <0.01) effect on days up to 50% anthesis, days up to 50% silk formation, 90% physiological maturity, leaf area, leaf area index, number of plants at harvest, the number of grains per ear was determined from the main effects of NPS fertilizer of 200 kg NPS ha-1. The interaction effects of NPS and row spacing have highly significant (p <0.01) effects on the number of ears per plant, number of ears per hectare, ear length, agronomic effectiveness and grain yield were obtained when using 150 kg. measured NPS ha-1 at 75 cm row spacing. The highest economic (91,608 Birr ha-1) and a higher MRR (1745%) resulted from the 150 kg NPS ha-1 and 75 cm row spacing. Thus, it should be noted that the application of 150 kg NPS ha-1 with a row spacing of 75 cm was both agronomic and cost-effective for the grain yield of the Melkassa-II in the study area.

scholarly journals Interference of Volunteer Corn from Different Origins and Emergence Time on Soybean Yield and Stress Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. RIZZARDI ◽  
C. PIASECKI ◽  
J. SCHONS ◽  
A. CAVERZAN ◽  
C. LANGARO
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Different Origins

ABSTRACT: Volunteer corn occurrence with soybean is favored by the glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn cultivation preceding soybean and no-tillage systems. Volunteer corn interference causes significant losses in soybean grain yield. The levels of crop losses change with the corn density, origin, and time of emergence. High levels of weed interference in crops can result in the production of reactive oxygen species and lead to the occurrence of oxidative stress. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of interference of (1) different origins (individual plants and clumps) and times of emergence of volunteer corn on soybean growth, yield components, and grain yield loss; and (2) if the volunteer corn interference causes oxidative stress in soybean. Field experiment and laboratory analyses were performed. The evaluated variables were soybean yield components, grain yield, hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 content, and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase - SOD, catalase - CAT, and ascorbate peroxidase - APX activities. Volunteer corn interference reduced the yield components and soybean yield. The highest yield losses were observed with volunteer corn clumps regarding individual plants. The interference of volunteer corn emerged 10 days before or on the same day as soybean caused the greater yield losses than those emerged 10 days after, independently of its origin. The content of H2O2 and enzyme SOD, CAT and APX activities changed in soybean leaves in response to the interference of volunteer corn plants and clumps. However, the results indicate that the volunteer corn interferences does not cause oxidative stress in soybean.

Effect of pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, PGRs and Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Economics of Irrigated Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
K. Harishankar ◽  
K. Sivasabari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is one of the most important cultivated legume crops with high nutritive value and agricultural importance. The productivity of blackgram is not adequate to meet the domestic demand of the growing Indian population. Consequently, there is an urgent need for enhancement of productivity through proper agronomic practices. With this background, a research experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field at Pudhupalayam, Coimbatore to investigate the effect of foliar application of PPFM, plant growth regulating compounds and nutrients on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of irrigated blackgram. Methods: A field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications during 2019 (kharif and rabi) season. The treatments include 100% recommended dose of NPK along with foliar application of diammonium phosphate (DAP), brassinolide (Br), salicylic acid (SA) and pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) with different concentration (1%, 2%, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, respectively) in addition to control. PPFM and PGRs were sprayed at 30 and 45 days after the sowing of blackgram. Result: The experiment results of the two seasons study revealed that the application of 100% RDF + PPFM @ 2% recorded higher growth characters viz., plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, leaf area index and yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, pod weight (g), pod height (cm), 100 seed weight (g) and yield viz., grain yield (kg/ha), straw yield (kg/ha) and harvest index (%). As well as the same treatment recorded higher net return and B:C ratio. Correlation and regression analysis also indicated that the yield attributes had a positive impact on the grain yield with a magnitude of 1.91 and 1.67, respectively. Therefore, application of 100% RDF+2% PPFM spray can be recommended as the best technology to improve the yield and economics of blackgram.

scholarly journals Calibration and test of the cropgro-dry bean model for edaphoclimatic conditions in the savanas of Central Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza Jacqueline Leite Meireles ◽  
Antonio Roberto Pereira ◽  
Paulo Cesar Sentelhas ◽  
Luis Fernando Stone ◽  
Francisco José Pfeilsticker Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Bean Crop

Simulation models are important tools for the analysis of cultivated systems to estimate the performance of crops in different environments. The CROPGRO- model (DSSAT) was calibrated and validated using Carioca bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to estimate yield and the development of the crop, sown in three row spacings (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 m) and two fertilization rates (300 and 500 kg ha-1 of 4-30-16 N-P-K), in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil. To calibrate the model a combination of the genetic coefficients that characterize the phenology and morphology of the dry bean crop was used to obtain the best possible fit between predicted and observed anthesis and physiological maturity dates, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), yield components, and grain yield for the 0.6 m row spacing. To test the model the experimental records of the 0.4 and 0.5 m row spacings were used. In both, calibration and test, the performance of the model was evaluated plotting observed and predicted values of LAI and TDM versus time, using the r², and the agreement index (d) as statistical criteria. In relation to yield and yield components the percent difference between the observed and predicted data was calculated. The model appeared to be adequate to simulate phenology, grain yield and yield components for the Carioca bean cultivar, related to different levels of fertilization and row spacing, either during calibration or the testing phase. During the test, the grain yield was overestimated by less than 15.4%, indicating a potential use for the calibrated model in assessing climatic risks in this region.

scholarly journals Evidence for genotypic differences among elite lines of common bean in the ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase yield under drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. RAO ◽  
S. E. BEEBE ◽  
J. POLANIA ◽  
M. GRAJALES ◽  
C. CAJIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wild Bean ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

SUMMARYCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume for human consumption. Drought stress is the major abiotic stress limitation of bean yields in smallholder farming systems worldwide. The current work aimed to determine the role of enhanced photosynthate mobilization to improve adaptation to intermittent and terminal drought stress and to identify a few key adaptive traits that can be used for developing drought-resistant genotypes. Field studies were conducted over three seasons at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Palmira, Colombia to determine genotypic differences in adaptation to intermittent (two seasons) and terminal (one season) drought stress compared with irrigated conditions. A set of 36 genotypes, including 33 common bean, two wild bean and one cowpea were evaluated using a 6 × 6 lattice design under irrigated and rainfed field conditions. Three common bean elite lines (NCB 226, SEN 56, SER 125) were identified with superior levels of adaptation to both intermittent and terminal drought stress conditions. The greater performance of these lines under drought stress was associated with their ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase grain yield based on higher values of harvest index, pod harvest index, leaf area index and canopy biomass. Two wild bean germplasm accessions (G 19902, G 24390) showed very poor adaptation to both types of drought stress. One small-seeded black line (NCB 226) was superior in combining greater values of canopy biomass with greater ability to mobilize photosynthates to grain under both types of drought stress. Two small-seeded red lines (SER 78, SER 125) seem to combine the desirable traits of enhanced mobilization of photosynthates to seed with effective use of water through canopy cooling under terminal drought stress. Pod harvest index showed significant positive association with grain yield under both types of drought stress and this trait can be used by breeders as an additional selection method to grain yield in evaluation of breeding populations for both types of drought stress.

The influence of drought stress on growth, yield and yield components of selected maize genotypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. KAMARA ◽  
A. MENKIR ◽  
B. BADU-APRAKU ◽  
O. IBIKUNLE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Savannah Zone

The risk of drought is high in the Sudan savannah zone of West and Central Africa because rainfall in this area is unpredictable in quantity and distribution. Thus, improved maize genotypes tolerant to drought could stabilize maize grain yield in this zone, where recurrent drought threatens grain production. Six maize genotypes, two each of hybrids, open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) and landraces, were evaluated for tolerance to terminal water deficit before flowering. Water deficit significantly reduced growth, grain yield and yield components of the maize genotypes. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all the traits measured. One hybrid, 9011-30, and two improved OPVs, STR-EV-IWD and IYFD-C0, that showed tolerance to water stress recorded higher grain yield, and accumulated and partitioned more assimilates to the grain than the drought-susceptible genotypes. Also the drought-tolerant genotypes, 9011-30, STR-EV-IWD and IYFD-C0 had more ears/plant and greater numbers of kernels/ear. These genotypes could serve as sources of drought tolerance for the development and improvement of new drought-tolerant maize genotypes.

scholarly journals The Response of Maize Lines to Foliar Fertilizing

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Milan Brankov ◽  
Milena Simić ◽  
Željko Dolijanović ◽  
Miloš Rajković ◽  
Violeta Mandić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two foliar fertilizers applied on five maize (Zea mays L.) lines. Fertilizers were applied at different growth stages of maize, during three consecutive years (2010–2012) at the experimental field of the Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Serbia. Maize growth parameters such as fresh matter, height, leaf area and grain yield were recorded. Foliar fertilizer with amino acids (FAA) was more advantageous to maize plants compared to fertilizer containing phosphorus (FP) as a main component. Applied FAA has shown positive effects by increasing fresh matter, leaf area index, and plant height in all three years. In 2012, due to unfavorable meteorological conditions, grain yield and harvest index were very low, compared to the previous two years, although, positive effects on morphological traits were observed 21 days after treatments (DAT), as well as in the anthesis stage. The best results of 30% of grain yield and harvest index increase were recorded in line L1 in 2010 and 2011. The same line had an increase of more than 40% of fresh matter and leaf area on average for all three years. The positive effects that have been noticed in this research could recommend foliar fertilizing with fertilizer containing N in a form of an amino acids complex.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document