scholarly journals III.—Note on the Excavation of the Valleys in Derbyshire

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
H. C. Sorby
Keyword(s):  
East Side ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
Surface Drainage ◽  
Main Valley ◽  
Subterranean Stream ◽  
Marked Surface

For a considerable time I have taken much interest in the question of the origin of the narrow and deep valleys in the Carboni-ferous Limestone district of Derbyshire, and have carefully recorded whatever seemed to explain their formation. So far I have never met with more striking facts than those to be seen in Deep Dale, about three miles in a direct line E.S.E. from Buxton. I estimate the depth of the valley at about 100 feet, and its width at from 100 to 200 yards. At a distance of about a mile from the Bakewell road there is a cavern, which is especially conspicuous on the east side. Its entrance is about 6 feet high, 20 feet broad, and 40 feet above the bottom of the valley. It extends nearly horizontally for about 30 yards, and then descends to a lower level, where I did not further examine it. On looking from the entrance to the opposite side of the dale I was surprised to see what appears to be a continuation of the same cavern. The entrance on that side is at about 80 feet above the valley, and is so much blocked up with detritus that one can only examine it for a space of 10 yards. Taking, however, all the facts into consideration, it appears to me that at a very remote period a subterranean stream flowed continuously along these two caverns, from west to east. There is abundance of suitable gather ground on the west side which even now has no well-marked surface drainage, and from which much of the water probably escapes by a subterranean course, ending in the large spring in the main valley, by the road-side below Kingsterndale.

A Romano-British Interment, with Bucket and Sceptres, from Brough, East Yorkshire

1938 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Corder ◽  
I. A. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Chief Interest ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
The Way

The Roman Ermine Street, having crossed the Humber on the way to York from Lincoln, leaves Brough Haven on its west side, and the little town of Petuaria to the east. For the first half-mile northwards from the Haven its course is not certainly known: then, followed by the modern road, it runs northwards through South Cave towards Market Weighton. In the area thus traversed by the Roman road burials of the Roman age have already been noted in sufficient quantity to suggest an extensive cemetery. The interment which is the subject of the present note was found on 10th October 1936, when men laying pipes at right angles to the modern road, in the carriage-drive of Mr. J. G. Southam, having cut through some 4 ft. of blown sand, came upon a mass of mixed Roman pottery, dating from the late first to the fourth century A.D. Bones of pig, dog, sheep, and ox were also represented. Presently, at a depth of about 5 ft., something attracted closer attention. A layer of thin limestone slabs was found, covering two human skeletons, one lying a few feet from the west margin of the modern road, the other parallel with the road and some 8 ft. from its edge. The objects described below were found with the second skeleton, and the first to be discovered was submitted by Mr. Southam to Mr. T. Sheppard, F.S.A.Scot., Director of the Hull Museums, who visited the site with his staff. All that can be recorded of the circumstances of the discovery is contained in the observations then made, under difficult conditions. ‘Slabs of hard limestone’, it was reported, ‘taken from a local quarry of millepore oolite and forming the original Roman road, were distinctly visible beneath the present roadway—one of the few points where the precise site of the old road has been located. On the side of this… a burial-place has been constructed. What it was like originally it is difficult to say, beyond that a layer of thin … slabs of limestone occurred over the skeletons. This had probably been kept in place or supported by some structure of wood, as several large iron nails, some bent at right angles, were among the bones.’ If this were all that could be said about the burials, they would hardly merit a place in these pages. The chief interest of the record would be its apparent identification of the exact course of the Roman road at a point where this had hitherto been uncertain. Three objects associated with the second skeleton are, however, of exceptional interest.

scholarly journals Fabric and Origin of Lateral Moraines, Bethartoli Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Lateral Moraine ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Lateral Ridge ◽  
Moraine Ridge

AbstractUnusually strong till fabrics in lateral moraines of Bethartoli Glacier provide information on the genesis and growth of the moraines. On the west side of the valley, down-stream of the present glacier snout, several lateral moraine crests are juxtaposed. Because the crests generally become higher towards the valley axis, they must represent re-advances of the glacier rather than recessional stages. On the east side of the valley only a single lateral ridge is found; presumably the ridge is composed of debris from several glacial advances. On the eroded proximal flank of this ridge a strong fabric is visible; the plane defined by a- and b-axes of stones is parallel to the distal flank of the moraine ridge, indicating that the moraine grew mainly by accretion of debris on to its distal flank. On the eroded proximal flank of the innermost west-side ridge the equivalent fabric is weaker, suggesting that distal flank accretion was less significant and proximal flank accretion more significant than on the east side.

Durrington Walls

Antiquity ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. S. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Great Circle ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
Nearest Point ◽  
Pass Through

Probably not one in ten thousand of those who pass through the middle of Durrington Walls is aware of its existence. Though plainly visible when once pointed out, the earthen ramparts have been so greatly altered by ploughing as to be hardly recognizable, and the reconstruction of their orginal form is a very pretty exercise in field-archaeologyThe walls consists of a round enclosure, cut into two unequal parts by the road from Amesbury to Netheravon (Wilts), about a mile and a half north of Amesbury, on the west bank of the Avon. Woodhenge is only eighty yards to the south, close to and on the west side of the same road. The earthwork differs fundamentally from the ordinary defensive ‘camp’, for it encloses, not a hill-top but a coombe or hollow, and it has its ditch inside, not outside, the rampart. In this latter respect it resembles the circles at Avebury and Marden in Wilts, Knowlton in Dorset, Thornborough in Yorkshire, and Arbour Low in Derbyshire; though there are points of difference. In size, Durrington Walls compares closely with Avebury, whose great earthen circle is slightly smaller in diameter; rom east to west the internal area of the Walls is 1300feet across, and from north to south about 1160 feet. (The average diameter at Avebury is 1130 feet). Both too are within easy reach of a stream, the Avon being IOO yards from the eastern entrance of the Walls, and the Kennet 330 yards from the nearest point of the great circle at Avebury. The enclosure at Marden actually touches the banks of the Avon at a point higher up in its course.

Inscriptions from rough Cilicia east of the Calycadnus

1969 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora S. Mackay ◽  
Pierre A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Rock Wall ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
The Road ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Tributary Stream ◽  
British Institute ◽  
Small Tributary ◽  
Stream Bed

The following random lot of inscriptions was noted during three brief trips into the territory around Olba-Diocaesareia, in the spring of 1966, while we were guests at the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. These trips were part of a year of archaeological wandering made possible by the grant of the Olivia James Travelling Fellowship, administered by the Archaeological Institute of America.1. Seleuceia-Korykos: This inscription was discovered by the able and energetic curator of antiquities at Silifke, Mr. Mehmet Belen, to whose great kindness we owe our knowledge of it. It is cut on a rock face above some faint traces of an ancient road from Korasion to Korykos, which runs parallel to the modern coast road at this point. About 19 km. east of Silifke, the modern road turns north away from the shore, and runs inland along the west side of a seasonal watercourse called Kuru Dere, “dry river bed”. Just north of the gravel bank at the mouth of Kuru Dere, at a point where the rock wall cuts back from the west side of the road to form a very small tributary stream bed, there are faint traces of rock cut steps some 5 metres above the road. Above these, on the south side of the tributary stream bed, a roughly dressed rectangular panel, 0·80 × 0·45 m., has been cut into the rock.

On a Quartz-porphyry from the Lake District

1924 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 513-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Melmore
Keyword(s):  
Igneous Rock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Quartz Porphyry ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Side ◽  
The Road

A Small quarry was opened about three years ago at Thwaite Head, which lies between the southern ends of Coniston Lake and Windermere. It is on the west side of the road between that hamlet and Hawkshead, and exposes a nearly vertical sill, 40 feet wide, running E.N.E.-W.S.W. in the Bannisdale slates. On the south side a series of joint-planes running parallel to the bedding of the slates and curving inwards at the top have split the igneous rock into flags, while in the body of the rock the jointing is much coarser, so that it is quarried in large blocks. Both the igneous rock and the slates are much decomposed and friable along the southern junction, and it is here a little galena is said to have been found when the quarry was first opened. This is not improbable, as the old Thwaite Head lead mine is situated not far off on the banks of Dale Park Beck.

Inscriptions from South Etruria

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
J. M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
Local Significance

The following group of inscriptions includes some unpublished texts found recently during the South Etruria survey and a few published ones in which additional or improved readings can be offered as a result of re-examination. Most of them are tombstones of essentially local significance, but nos. 1 and 4 from Tomba di Nerone, 5 from Casale Spizzichino and 20 from Filissano are of greater importance and interest.I. Sites on or near the Via Cassia.1. Travertine tombstone, damaged at the upper right corner (0·52 × 0·98 × 0·12), with schematic gable and acroteria above and a lightly and crudely incised wreath in the gable; inscribed on the exposed face, whose surface is damaged. Built into the wall of the drive leading to Via Cassia 901, which lies on the west side of the road a short distance beyond Tomba di Nerone. Recent building development revealed drainage cuniculi and other elements of a Roman building, and along the ancient road frontage there were several graves and remains of at least one mausoleum. It is very likely that some or all of the texts (nos. 1–4) were found locally.

scholarly journals ”Elveland” – Irony and Laughter as Power Media in Sea Sámi Folk-Song Tradition

Nordlit ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lill Tove Fredriksen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Folk Song ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Made In

The article is a literary analysis of the satirical Sámi folk-song ”Elveland”. The song about about the road man, forester and river attendant Elveland on the west side of the municipality of Porsanger was made in the beginning of the 1900s, as a form of revenge on the part of the local community because he would not let them cut as much firewood as they needed. With irony as an important device, the text serves as a meeting point for dialogues between different voices, and where power relations and the political nature of cultural identity is revealed.

Geodetic measurements in the Dixie Valley Area

1957 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
C. A. Whitten
Keyword(s):  
Valley Floor ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Geodetic Measurements ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Dixie Valley ◽  
Valley Area

abstract Resurveys made after the 1954 earthquake in the Dixie Valley Area determined the horizontal and vertical displacements which occurred. Triangulation stations on the west side of the fault moved north approximately 4 feet, and points on the east side moved south by a similar amount. Releveling showed a drop and also a tilt of a valley floor.

Characterization of soil P in coastal forest chronosequences of southern Vancouver Island: effects of climate and harvesting disturbance

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Preston ◽  
J. A. Trofymow
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Total P

Limitation of tree growth due to inadequate P supply has been found for young plantations following harvesting of old-growth in high rainfall areas of coastal British Columbia. To understand the reasons for P limitation, we investigated P chemistry in mineral soil to 50 cm depth in sites from the Coastal Forest Chronosequence project on Vancouver Island. This allowed comparison of biogeoclimatic subzone (higher rainfall on west than east coast sites) and of time from harvesting disturbance (seral stage). Available (Bray 1) P was significantly higher (P < 0.001) on the drier east side (up to 50 mg kg−1), than on the west side (<5 mg kg−1), although total P values were less divergent (694 mg kg−1, east and 534 mg kg−1, west). There were no significant seral stage effects on total and available P. Extraction with 0.5 M NaOH recovered 50–60% of total P, except for samples from 10–30 cm depth on the west side, for which only 20% was recovered, an effect not found for C. Analysis of the NaOH extracts by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed much higher proportions of orthophosphate P on the east side. West side extracts were higher in organic P forms, especially diesters, typical of forest ecosystems with restricted nutrient cycling and high precipitation. On the west side, low concentrations of available P, higher proportions of organic P in NaOH extracts, and depression of NaOH extractability at 10–30 cm are consistent with P being a limiting nutrient for tree growth, a problem that may be exacerbated by harvesting disturbance. Key words: Forest chronosequences, harvesting disturbance, 31P NMR, P cycling, organic P

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