Factors affecting birth weight of Holstein-Friesian calves in Western Nigeria

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Adeneye ◽  
T. A. Bamiduro ◽  
Adetowun K. Adenbanjo ◽  
A. A. Akinyemi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Holstein Calves

SUMMARYThe birth weight of Friesian and Holstein calves in Western Nigeria was generally lower than that recorded in other tropical countries. This was attributed to a low plane of nutrition during pregnancy and a consequent reduction in length of gestation of the dams. On average, pure-bred Friesian, pure-bred Holstein and Holstein x Friesian calves weighed 29·1, 30·8 and 30·7 kg respectively at birth. Male and female Friesian, Holstein and cross-bred calves averagely weighed 29·9 and 28·2 kg, 29·9 and 31·7 kg, and 32·6 and 28·8 kg respectively. Both the sex differences and breed x sex interaction were not significant.Positive correlation coefficients of 0·45, 0·38 and 0·26 found between calf birth weight and gestation length for the Friesians (P < 0·05), Holsteins (P < 0·01) and their crosses (P > 0·05) respectively suggest that gestation length had a significant effect on Friesian and Holstein calf birth weight. In many cases, parturition occurred 8–16 days earlier than expected.Calves born during the rainy season (April–September) were approximately 10% heavier at birth than those born during the dry season (October–March). The heaviest calves were born during the second half (July–September) of the rainy season. The breed x sex x season of calving interaction was significant for the Holstein breed (P < 0·05). Holstein male calves born during the rainy season were significantly (P <; 0·05) heavier than those born during the dry season. Friesian dams with three or more parities and Holstein dams that were 3 years old and above produced calves that were significantly (P < 0·01) heavier at birth than calves of younger dams.

Gestation length, birth weight and growth rates of pure-bred indigenous goats and their crosses in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
East African ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Indigenous Goats

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

scholarly journals Some Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight, Weaning Weight and Daily Live Weight Gain of Holstein Calves

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Yaylak ◽  
Hikmet Orhan ◽  
Alim Daşkaya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Calves

The present study was conducted to determine some environmental factors affecting birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain of Holstein calves of a livestock facility in Izmir, Turkey. The data on 2091 calves born between the years 2005-2010 were used to assess the relevant parameters. Effects of calving year, calving month, calf gender and the interaction between calving year and calving month on calves’ birth weights were highly significant. The overall mean of birth weights was 39.6±0.15 kg. In addition, effects of calving year, calving month, gender, birth weight, weaning age, calving year x calving month, calving year x gender and calving year x calving month x gender interactions on weaning weight (WW) and daily live weight gain (DLWG) were highly significant. The overall means of WW and DLWG were respectively found to be 79.7±0.20 kg and 525±2.5 g. A one kilogram increase in birth weight resulted in an increase of 0.89 kg in weaning weight and a decrease of 1.26 g in daily live weight gain. Prenatal temperature-humidity index (THI) affected birth weight of calves (R2=0.67). Increasing THI from 50 to 80 resulted in 3.8 kg decrease in birth weight.

Risk factors associated with dystocia in a tie stall dairy herd

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. López Helguera ◽  
A. Behrouzi ◽  
J.P. Kastelic ◽  
M.G. Colazo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

The aims of the study were to: (1) investigate factors affecting calf birth weight (CBW) and gestation length (GL); and (2) determine risk factors associated with dystocia in 1019 Holstein heifers and cows in a tie stall dairy herd. Calf sex (CS), sire, and GL were related to CBW in primiparous and multiparous cows, with no significant effect of season, age of primiparous cows (AGE) or days in milk (DIM) of multiparous cows at conception. Gestation length was affected by CS in primiparous, with a shorter GL for female versus male calves (275.7 ± 0.5 vs. 278.3 ± 0.4; P < 0.001). Also, GL was shorter in multiparous cows that calved during the cold season compared to those that calved in mild or warm seasons. Primiparous cows had a higher prevalence of dystocia compared to multiparous cows (32.1 vs. 8.5%; P < 0.001), but it was highly variable depending on sire (24.4%–60.0% for primiparous and 0%–21.1% for multiparous). In conclusion, CS, sire, and GL were related to CBW, whereas GL was affected by CS in primiparous and season in multiparous. The CBW was the major factor affecting dystocia in primiparous cows, whereas sire and twin pregnancies were factors related to dystocia in both primiparous and multiparous cows.

scholarly journals Some Factors Affecting Quality of Crude Palm Oil Sold in Douala, Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice F. D. Dongho ◽  
Inocent Gouado ◽  
Lambert M. Sameza ◽  
Raymond S. Mouokeu ◽  
Adelaïde M. Demasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Impurity Level ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Small Holder

Crude palm oil (CPO) is an essential ingredient of Cameroonian recipes. However, its quality is subject to doubt, considering the very often inadequate conditions of extraction, conditioning, storage, and selling in the fast growing small holder sector or in the market. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of seasons and containers on the microbiologic, physicochemical quality and the carotenoids content of CPO sold in Douala. A total of 194 samples of CPO were randomly collected in seven markets among which: 95 during the rainy season and 99 during dry season; 93 from CPO contained in opened containers and 101 in closed containers. In these samples, aerobic count colony (ACC) load, total yeasts and moulds load, peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids content (FFA), impurity level and carotenoids content were assayed.The samples tested had ACC load of 4.48±1.86x105 CFU/ml, total yeasts and moulds load of 0.30±0.14x105 CFU/ml, PV of 1.81±0.74 meqO2/kg, FFA of 4.30±1.82%, impurity level of 0.34±0.16% and carotenoids content of 756.41±110.67 mg/l. Also, none of these parameters had varied according to the market. Moreover, among these parameters, PV and carotenoids content were not varied whatever CPO is sold during rainy or dry season, in open or closed containers while others parameters analysed were significantly (P<0.05) higher during dry season or when the CPO was contained in open containers. Consequently, traders should make efforts to avoid CPO contamination during the selling. They could package it first and store it in an adequate space particularly during dry season. 

scholarly journals ROLLING MOSAIC METHOD TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF POTENTIAL FISHING ZONE FORECASTING FOR COASTAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Komang Iwan Suniada ◽  
Eko Susilo ◽  
Wingking Era Rintaka Siwi ◽  
Nuryani Widagti
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Low Cloud ◽  
Seasurface Temperature ◽  
Potential Fishing Zone

The production of the Indonesian Institute for Marine Research and Observation’s mapping of forecast fishing areas (peta prakiraan daerah penangkapan ikan or PPDPI) based on passive satellite imagery is often constrained by high-cloud-cover issues, which lead to sub-optimal results. This study examines the use of the rolling mosaic method for providing geophysical variables, in particular, seasurface temperature (STT) together with minimum cloud cover, to enable clearer identification of oceanographic conditions. The analysis was carried out in contrasting seasons: dry season in July 2018 and rainy season in December 2018. In general, the rolling mosaic method is able to reduce cloud cover for sea-surface temperature (SST) data. A longer time range will increase the coverage percentage (CP) of SST data. In July, the CP of SST data increased significantly, from 15.3 % to 30.29% for the reference 1D mosaic and up to 84.19 % to 89.07% for the 14D mosaic. In contrast, the CP of SST data in December tended to be lower, from 4.93 % to 13.03% in the 1D mosaic to 41.48 % to 51.60% in the14D mosaic. However, the longer time range decreases the relationship between the reference SST data and rolling mosaic method data. A strong relationship lies between the 1D mosaic and 3D mosaics, with correlation coefficients of 0.984 for July and 0.945 for December. Furthermore, a longer time range will decrease root mean square error (RMSE) values. In July, RMSE decreased from 0.288°C (3D mosaic) to 0.471°C (14D mosaic). The RMSE value in December decreased from 0.387°C (3D mosaic) to 0.477°C (14D mosaic). Based on scoring analysis of CP, correlation coefficient and RMSE value, results indicate that the 7D mosaic method is useful for providing low-cloud-coverage SST data for PPDPI production in the dry season, while the 14D mosaic method is suitable for the rainy season.

Role of seasons on the production and reproduction performance of kacang goats (Kambing kacang) in North Middle Timor Regency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucik Maylinda ◽  
Oktovianus Lodivianus Sarah ◽  
Woro Busono
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Male Birth ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Reproduction Performance

The primary concern of this study is to explore the effects of season change on the production and reproduction performance of Kambing Kacang in North Middle Timor regency. Survey method, including observation and direct measurement of the livestock, and interview method was used for the purpose of collecting primary data. Interview method was applied to 120 farmers who have approximately 96 goat sires. The statistical analysis indicated that birth weight, male birth weight, weaning weight, and male weaning weight were significantly affected by reproductive season. While female birth weight and female weaning weight were not affected. Pre-weaning mortality was high in dry season 8,06% compared with rainy season 3,45%. Litter size during the dry season was 1,55 off springs per reproductive season. The highest percentage of birth in the dry season occurred in October and November. While the rainy season occurred on January and February.

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