scholarly journals Some Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight, Weaning Weight and Daily Live Weight Gain of Holstein Calves

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Yaylak ◽  
Hikmet Orhan ◽  
Alim Daşkaya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Calves

The present study was conducted to determine some environmental factors affecting birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain of Holstein calves of a livestock facility in Izmir, Turkey. The data on 2091 calves born between the years 2005-2010 were used to assess the relevant parameters. Effects of calving year, calving month, calf gender and the interaction between calving year and calving month on calves’ birth weights were highly significant. The overall mean of birth weights was 39.6±0.15 kg. In addition, effects of calving year, calving month, gender, birth weight, weaning age, calving year x calving month, calving year x gender and calving year x calving month x gender interactions on weaning weight (WW) and daily live weight gain (DLWG) were highly significant. The overall means of WW and DLWG were respectively found to be 79.7±0.20 kg and 525±2.5 g. A one kilogram increase in birth weight resulted in an increase of 0.89 kg in weaning weight and a decrease of 1.26 g in daily live weight gain. Prenatal temperature-humidity index (THI) affected birth weight of calves (R2=0.67). Increasing THI from 50 to 80 resulted in 3.8 kg decrease in birth weight.

scholarly journals Farklı Yaşlarda Sütten Kesimin Prolifik ve Terminal Irk Melez Kuzuların Büyüme Özellikleri ve Yaşama Güçleri Üzerine Etkisi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2255-2260
Author(s):  
Müzeyyen Kutluca Korkmaz ◽  
Ebru Emsen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Sex Effect ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Birth Type

In this study, we compared the growth and survival characteristics of Romanov × Morkaraman (F1 Rom), Romanov × F1 Romanov (G1 Rom) and Charollais × F1 Romanov (Charom) crossbreed lambs weaning weight at different ages. After birth, from three genotypes lambs were weaned at two different ages of 50 and 75 days and growth performance after weaning was examined at 120 days of age. The effect of three different genotypes and birth type on birth weight was very important, and sex effect was insignificant. In weaning weight, only the effect of birth type was found to be significant. Lamb birth and weaning weights were in Charom, F1 Rom, G1 Rom lambs, 3.38-15.28; 3.98-15.04; 3.21-15.55 kg, respectively. The type of birth showed variation in the birth weight of the lamb and the decrease in lamb birth weights (Single: 4.19 kg: Twin: 3.42 kg; Triplet: 3.15 kg and Quadrature: 2.88 kg) was observed as the number of offspring increased. The effect of the birth type on weaning weights was similar in single and triplet. Single-born lambs have higher weaning weights than those of twins and quadruplets. Average daily live weight gain (ADG) from weaning in single lambs, 247.37 g were found higher than twin (190.67 g), triplets (201.44 g) and quadruplets (178.57 g). The effect of weaning age was insignificant on weaning weights. The first month weight after weaning, effect of the genotype of the lamb, the birth type and the sex were insignificant; but effect of weaning age was significant weaning weights and first month after weaning weights the ADG. The late weaned lambs had higher next first month live weight (18.62-17.89 kg) and ADG (179.45-81.32 g). The live weights of the lambs on the 120 days were similar and none of the factors investigated were found to be effective.

Milk-fed calves: 2. The effect of length of milk feeding period and milk intake upon herbage intake and performance of grazing calves

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. P. Le Du ◽  
R. D. Baker ◽  
J. M. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reconstituted Milk

SUMMARYForty-eight Hereford × Friesian steer calves purchased at 7–10 days of age were reared on reconstituted milk substitute and groups of 12 were weaned at 86, 128, 170 or 212 days. Six calves at each weaning age were fed high (H) and low (L) quantities of milk normally associated with 240-day lactation yields of 2000 or 1000 kg. Calves were housed until day 63 of the experiment and then strip-grazed on swards of Loliun perenne with a daily allocation of herbage dry matter equivalent to 60 g/kg LW.Herbage intake per unit live weight prior to weaning was consistently greater for the calves receiving low quantities of milk. Following weaning there was a rapid rise in herbage intake towards a maximum of 30 g OM/kg LW when sward conditions were non-limiting. The amount of milk fed prior to weaning affected herbage intake after weaning, and H groups did not achieve similar intakes to their L contemporaries until some weeks after weaning. The H groups grew faster from birth to weaning than the L groups but they experienced a more severe check in live-weight gain after weaning which nullified the advantage of better weight gains between the start of the grazing period and weaning. In consequence, there was no significant effect of the quantity of milk consumed prior to weaning upon live-weight gain during the grazing season. The results indicate a marked benefit from distributing a given quantity of milk over a longer feeding period as similar growth rates occurred for the H86 v. L128, H128 v. L170 and H170 v. L212 groups. Calves receiving milk consumed less herbage and spent a smaller proportion of the day grazing than weaned contemporaries, which suggests that metabolic rather than physical or behavioural factors are likely to limit their intake.

The effects of quantity and duration of milk feeding on the intake of concentrates and growth of castrated male Saanen kids to slaughter

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yan ◽  
J. E. Cook ◽  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
W. E. Ivings ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Weaning Age

AbstractTo examine the possibility of reducing milk substitute costs in artificial rearing of goat kids, 36 castrated male Saanen kids at 2 days of age were randomly allocated across six treatments in a 2×3 factorial design experiment. Milk substitute was provided for the kids over a period of 28 or 39 days, and daily levels of milk substitute dry matter (DM) intake were 0·140,0·176 or 0·272 kg.Increasing the level of milk substitute offered had no significant effect on intake of concentrate up to weaning, but did significantly reduce the total intake of concentrate through to slaughter. Weaning after 39 days, as opposed to 28 days, also significantly reduced the total intake of concentrates. However, there was no difference when the same total quantity of milk substitute was consumed over different periods. Increasing the daily intake of milk substitute significantly increased daily live-weight gain to weaning, but tended to increase the time taken by kids to regain their weaning weight following cessation of milk substitute intake. However, milk substitute level and weaning age did not significantly affect overall daily live-weight gain or the length of time taken to reach 28 kg.Eight additional kids were slaughtered at 2 days of age to develop regression equations relating initial body composition to live weight. These relationships were similar to others published for 2-day-old Saanen kids. Treatments had no significant effect on overall rates of fat, crude protein, water, ash and energy gain or on final body composition, carcass weight or carcass composition when kids were slaughtered at a live weight of 28 kg. These data suggest that savings in milk substitute may be achieved by reducing the weaning age and/or the daily intake level.

Factors affecting food efficiency and body composition of growing ruminants offered straw-based diets: supplementation with lipids with and without protein meal

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. J. van Houtert ◽  
H. B. Perdok ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat Content

ABSTRACTGrowing heifers (experiment 1) and wether lambs (experiments 2 and 3) were offered ammoniated cereal straw with or without a protein meal. The effects of supplementation with long-chain fatty acids (LCFA; as calcium salts of LCFA (CaLCFA) or fat prills) on nutrient utilization were studied.Intake of the basal diet (g/kg live weight) was unaffected by the protein meal, but was often reduced by supplementation with LCFA, especially fat prills. Live-weight gain was increased both by supplementation with protein meal and CaLCFA. Fat prills only increased live-weight gain in the presence of protein meal and depressed live-weight gain in the absence of protein meal. There were small differences between the two sources of LCFA in their apparent effects on rumen fermentation.Supplementation with protein meal increased relative protein content (P < 0·05) and tended to increase water content (P > 0·05) in the wethers in experiment 3 (corrected to equal empty-body weight at slaughter). Of the LCFA, only CaLCFA tended to increase relative body fat content (by proportionately 0·23; (P > 0·05) but decreased relative protein and water content by 0·05 and 0·06 (P < 0·05).Supplementation of straw-based diets with as little as 20 g CaLCFA per kg food dry matter improved live-weight gain and efficiency of nutrient utilization of ruminants, particularly when offered in combination with a protein meal. There appeared to be marked differences in the effects of CaLCFA and fat prills on food intake, productivity and to some extent body composition.

The intensive rearing of lambs 1. Some factors affecting performance in the liquid feeding period

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. R. Davies ◽  
J. B. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Factors Affecting Performance ◽  
Milk Feeding

1. Investigations into possible ways of rearing artificially the lambs surplus to the ewe's capacity are described and the results discussed.2. A ewe-milk replacer with a high fat content was used from 2 days of age until weaning at 11.4 kg live weight. Two levels of milk feeding, restricted and ad libitum, were given in the second year. Significant differences were observed in live weight gain per day, milk consumption per kg live weight gain and solid food intake prior to weaning. Live weight gain and solid food intake in the period immediately after weaning also differed markedly. Sex and birth weight had little effect on performance.3. Food costs were lower on the restricted level of milk feeding than on the ad libitum level.

scholarly journals Effect of genetic and environmental factors on the phenotype characteristics of lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
Caro Petrovic ◽  
D. Ruzic-Muslic ◽  
N. Maksimovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Package Program ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of environmental factors affecting body weight variability of lambs in two crossbreed groups: Pirot x W?rttemberg and Sjenica x W?rttemberg. Both populations were managed under the same farm conditions. The data were analyzed to determine the effect of age of the dam, weight of dam, birth type, sex, year and season, on the birth weight and weaning weight of crossbreed lambs. Statistical analysis was performed by GLM procedure using the SPSS statistical package program. The average birth weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 3.56 kg while Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs was slightly higher at 3.69 kg. The difference on birth weight between the two crosses was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The average weaning weight of Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs was 23.54 kg while Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs had higher weight at 24.37 kg. The difference of 0.83 kg on weaning weight was statistically significant (P <0.05). Body weight, depending on the environmental factors, ranged from 3.17 to 3.96 kg at birth and from 22.12 to 24.18 kg at weaning in Pirot x W?rttemberg lambs. Body weight of Sjenica x W?rttemberg lambs ranged from 3.39 to 3.99 kg at birth and from 22.69 to 25.44 kg at weaning. Statistical analysis showed that the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) and highly significant (P<0.01).

PSVI-19 Evaluation of birth weight, weaning weight and average daily weight gain of Holstein female calves carrying the SLICK1 allele of the Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 229-230
Author(s):  
Allie T Carmickle ◽  
Madison R Zamaroni ◽  
Jessica Pereira ◽  
Peter J Hansen ◽  
Anna C Denicol
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Central California ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Weaning Age

Abstract Objectives of this study were to evaluate birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and average daily weight gain (ADG) of female calves carrying the SLICK1 allele, i.e., the slick gene. Holstein cows in four dairy farms located in central California were inseminated with semen from two heterozygous slick Holstein sires to produce slick and non-slick calves. Calves were born during the cool season (November 2019-March 2020). BW was recorded for 125 calves in four farms within 24 h of birth; WW was recorded for 92 calves in three farms within one week of weaning. Weaning age was recorded at day of weighing. ADG was calculated as the weight difference between birth and weaning divided by days of age at weaning. Only female calves were used in the analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS version 9.4. The model for BW included the effects of genotype, farm, sire, and the interaction between genotype and farm. The model for WW and ADG included the effects of BW, genotype, farm, weaning age, sire, and interaction between genotype and farm. Significant effects were considered as those with P &lt; 0.05. There was no difference in BW or WW between genotypes (BW: slick=40.1 ± 0.7 vs non-slick=39.7 ± 0.6 kg; P = 0.7 and WW: slick=82.5 ± 2.8 vs non-slick=80.9 ± 2.8 kg; P = 0.6). The mean age at weaning was 64.8 ± 0.4 and was similar for both genotype groups (P = 0.8). As a result, ADG was similar between genotypes (P = 0.7). There was a main effect of farm on BW, WW and ADG. Results indicate that slick heifer calves born in the cool season perform similarly to non-slick calves in regards to birth weight, average daily weight gain, and weaning weight. Funding provided by the Holstein Association USA Research Program and L.E. “Red” Larson Endowment.

591. The outdoor rearing of calves on grass with special reference to growth rate and grazing behaviour

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
K. W. G. Shillam ◽  
June Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
High Level

1. Five Dairy Shorthorn male calves born in February and March 1953 and three groups of four born in each of the months February, March and April 1954 were placed out of doors on permanent pasture at birth.2. Each calf received 6 or 8 pt. colostrum followed by approximately 45 gal. whole milk during the first 8 weeks of life, and thereafter, except for a small amount of dried grass given in Exp. 1, pasture grass comprised the sole item of diet until 6 months of age.3. Mean growth rates for each month of life and from birth to 6 months are presented. After the first month of life, good progress was made, and it is considered that the live weights at 6 months of age are similar to those obtained with conventional methods of rearing.4. There was a significant effect of birth weight on live-weight gain. After adjustment for birth weight, there were no significant differences in live-weight gain between February, March and April-born groups of calves.5. Weather conditions seemed to have little effect on the incidence of scouring during the first 3 weeks of life.6. On leys, greater weight gains were obtained than on permanent pasture.7. No lungworm larvae were detected in faeces samples examined. In many cases there was a high level of infestation with stomach and intestinal worms as indicated by the number of trichostrongyle eggs/g. faeces. Some aspects of this infestation are discussed.8. Satisfactory growth to 18 months of age was obtained with silage during the 6-month winter period and at grass during the following spring and summer.9. Details of behaviour of the five calves in Exp. 1 studied at approximately monthly intervals to 6 months of age are presented.

Environmental and managerial factors affecting the growth of Friesian heifers from six months of age to calving

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ridler ◽  
W. H. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe growth of 120 Friesian heifers born into one herd over a period of 12 years was studied for the period from 6 months of age to calving at about 30–35 months of age. Live weights were recorded weekly and rates of live-weight gain were calculated for each 3-month period for each animal. Δt 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age the heifers weighed 360, 590, 800 and 950 lb. The coefficients of variation of live weight did not vary with age and averaged ±10·0%. Coefficients of variation of live-weight gain increased from ± 20% at 6–9 months of age to ±60% at 24–27 months of age. Growth rate declined by 0·02 lb/day from 12 months to 30 months of age for animals under constant managerial conditions. Heifers wintered indoors grew faster than those wintered outdoors. The growth of younger animals was decreased more by outdoor wintering (a reduction of 0·6 lb/day at 15 months) than was the growth rate of older animals (a reduction of 0·3 lb/day at 21 months of age). When live-weight gain was low in winter there was marked compensatory growth at grass the following summer. Pregnant heifers grew 0·1 lb/day faster in early pregnancy and 0·6 lb/day faster in the last 4 months of pregnancy than did barren heifers.There was no appreciable difference between the live-weight gain of spring- and autumn-born heifers. With an autumn calving policy spring-born heifers were served and conceived 135 days earlier and weighed 106 lb less at calving than did autumn-born heifers. There was little difference in the milk yield of the two groups in 305 days of the first lactation.The regression equation of live weight (lb) on age (months) to 3rd calving was W = 1449 – 2027 e-0·042t. It was concluded that in the interests of economic rearing the dairy farmer could with advantage exercise greater control of the relationship between nutrition and growth during high cost winter periods and low cost summer periods.

The effect of level of nutrition during pregnancy and during lactation on lamb and wool production of grazing sheep

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Coop
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
High Level

Seven different experiments over 3 years and involving a total of 1750 ewes have been designed to study the effects of high and low levels of nutrition during pregnancy and during lactation on grazing sheep. The trials were run as nearly as possible under typical fat-lamb producing conditions. Commencing with breeding ewes in average store condition before tupping, a live-weight gain of 25–40 lb. from tupping to lambing was adopted as a standard of a high level of feeding and a gain of ± 5 lb. was considered to be a low level of feeding. Differential feeding was obtained by keeping the ewes on high-quality pasture as a high level of nutrition, and by stocking heavily on poor pasture as a low level. Under these conditions the following results were obtained:(1) Level of nutrition during pregnancy. The high level of nutrition during pregnancy increased birth weight by about 0.5 lb., but had little if any influence on the rate of growth and the weaning weight of the lambs, irrespective of the subsequent level of nutrition. The high level did not reduce ewe and lamb mortality and there was some evidence to the contrary when the high plane was applied early, leading to large live-weight gain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document