Some water and dry-matter relationships in the food and droppings of laying hens

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
The Other ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Water Output ◽  
The One ◽  
Metabolic Water

1. An experiment with one non-laying and four laying hens was carried out. Food and water consumption was measured hourly from 06.00 to 22.00 hr. and in the same period the exact time of each excretion was noted. Determinations of water and dry matter were made on each separate excretion.2. Each bird showed a typical pattern of behaviour in relation to the time of day when it ate food and drank water. For any one bird, variations of this pattern from day to day were small.3. For each bird there was a highly significant relationship between water intake and temperature on the one hand, and water excretion via droppings and eggs on the other. Water intake, however, had a far greater influence than had temperature on water output.4. Calculations showed that, despite errors caused by not knowing the amount of metabolic water produced, the excretion from the lungs varied greatly from bird to bird on constant intakes of water and also in the same bird at different intakes.

Studies of Water Metabolism in Essential Epilepsy

1940 ◽  
Vol 86 (361) ◽  
pp. 195-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy D. Greville ◽  
Tudor S. G. Jones ◽  
W. F. G. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Epileptic Patient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Spontaneous Seizures ◽  
The One

The comparatively old belief, that the epileptic patient shows a retention of water before the onset of a major seizure and an increase in the water excretion afterwards, achieved great importance from two findings of more recent date : on the one hand, the frequency of the seizures may be increased on hydration of the organism by administration of excessive amounts of water in combination with antidiuretics; on the other, the frequency may be decreased on dehydration either by restriction of the water intake or by other means (see for example Fay, 1929, 1930; McQuarrie, 1929; McQuarrie and Peeler, 1931; McQuarrie et al., 1932; Engel et al., 1934; Clegg and Thorpe, 1935; Stubbe Teglbjaerg, 1936; Ziskind et al., 1939; Hagenmeyer and Langelüddeke, 1939; but contrast Cameron, 1931; Fetterman and Kumin, 1933; Wilson and Limberger, 1933; Stone and Chor, 1937; Pette and Janzen, 1938). It is therefore most desirable that the value of the evidence connecting water balance and the occurrence of spontaneous seizures should be assessed.

Some effects of water restriction on apparent digestibility and water excretion of cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Thornton ◽  
NG Yates
Keyword(s):  
Urine Output ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Water Output ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Hind Gut

An experiment is described in which digestibility and water excretion were investigated in cattle during periods of unrestricted feed and water, of water restriction, and of feed restriction. During water restriction: (a) Increased dry matter and acid detergent fibre digestibilities could not be wholly accounted for by decreased intake of dry matter. (b) Reduced faecal water output was more important than changes in urine output in conserving water. It is suggested that the hind gut has a regulatory role in the observed responses to water restriction.

scholarly journals WATER METABOLISM IN HYPERTENSIVE RATS

1943 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A. Oster ◽  
Oscar Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Kidney ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Preoperative Level ◽  
The One

The water intake in hypertensive rats was investigated. Rats made hypertensive by renal ischemia increased their water consumption by 75 per cent over the preoperative level. Polyuria was associated with this polydipsia and the independence of these occurrences from a number of other factors was demonstrated. It was found that the presence of a normal kidney exerted a compensatory influence which may mask either hypertension or polyuria or both. The appearance or exacerbation of the changes upon removal of the normal kidney, on the one hand, and the elimination or mitigation of the symptoms upon removal of the ischemic kidney on the other support the view that the changes observed cannot have been due to passive elimination of the kidney tissue by ischemia, but to active malfunction of the renal, and especially the tubular, mechanism upon withdrawal of oxygen. The view is put forward that polyuria is a primary sequel of ischemia rather than secondary to the intra- and extrarenal effects of hypertension. A number of concomitant observations are in harmony with this hypothesis.

Effect of restricted water intake during summer on the digestibility of cell-wall constituents, nitrogen retention and water excretion in Marwari sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Bohra ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Daily Water

SummaryStudies were made on the effect of 50% reduction in daily water intake during summer on food intake, digestibility coefficients of the cell-wall constituents (CWC), nitrogen retention and water excretion in urine and faeces in the Marwari breed of sheep of the Rajasthan desert, India. The water-restricted animals consumed 54 and 42% less dry matter and digestible energy respectively than normally-watered animals. The digestibility coefficients of different CWC were apparently, though not significantly, higher in water-restricted animals. Throughout the study period, animals of both the groups, particularly the water-restricted group, remained in negative nitrogen balance. Moisture loss through the faeces was about 22% less in the water-restricted group than in the control animals. The water-restricted animals lost 21·1% of body weight in 23 days and these animals, when allowed water ad libitum, were able to recover 71·5 % of the lost body weight within 3 days.

scholarly journals Situation of crime as an element of forensic description of pimping committed by organized group

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Yevdokiya Buzhdyhanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
The Other ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Recreation Centers ◽  
The One ◽  
Full Investigation ◽  
Group 1

The article deals with some aspects of the pimping investigation by an organized group. The crime situation as the element of the criminalistic characteristic of this offence is examined, and its relation with other elements is examined too. The author emphasizes that the crime scene is a broad concept that includes a number of elements that characterize the environment in which a socially dangerous act is committed. They must always identify the time, place and conditions of the crime that are relevant to his full investigation. The crime scene should be investigated from different directions. In particular, on the one hand, as the geographical spread of the investigated criminal offense, on the other - the specific place of its commission. The location of the pimping is part of the event. It contains a large amount of information about the mode of commission of a criminal offense, certain data about the identity of the offender. On the basis of the investigation of materials of criminal proceedings the author has identified the following places of committing pimping by an organized group: 1) recreation establishments (of which: night clubs, cafes, bars, restaurants); 2) weekend or vacation establishments (of which: recreation centers, hotels, "rental" apartments); 3) facilities for sports and wellness (of which: spas, massage rooms, wellness centers); 4) the place of residence of the "client" (of which: apartments, houses, holiday cooperatives); 5) vehicles; 6) other places. It has been noted that the frequency of pimping by an organized group depends on the time of day as follows: about 7% are done in the morning (from 6 to 12 hours); 14% - in the afternoon (from 12 to 18 hours); 42% - in the evening (from 18 to 24 hours); 37% - at night (1 to 6 hours). And according to the criterion of the season, these actions are performed in the summer in 22% of cases; in the fall - 25%; in winter - 21%; in the spring - 32%. Also important are the conditions of the criminal offense under inves-tigation.

The effects of pelleting various diets on intake and digestibility in sheep and cattle

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
G. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Long Form ◽  
The One

SUMMARY1. Three groups of six castrated male cattle aged 6,18 and 36 months and three corresponding groups of sheep received in turn three diets consisting of high-quality dried grass (A), low-quality grass (B) or 60% of B with 40% barley (C). For one-half of each 6-week period the grass was eaten in the long form (L) and for the other half, it was ground and pelleted (P).2. Pelleting increased intake by 45% in sheep, from 56·8 to 82·4 g dry matter per kg W-75 per day, but only by 11% in cattle, from 81·8 to 90·7. The increase was greater for diet B (44%) than for A (19%) or C (15%), and greater for the youngest animals (38%) than for the middle-aged (17%) or oldest (20%).3. Dry-matter digestibility was reduced by pelleting from 67·2% to 58·6% in sheep and from 69·9% to 56·9% in cattle. The reduction was greater for diets A (71·2% to 56·1%) and B (65·7% to 54·1%) than for diet C (68·7% to 63·2%).4. A hypothesis based on the importance of particle size of digesta leaving the rumen provides a possible explanation ofthese interactions between form of roughage on the one hand, and species and age of animal or diet composition on the other.

scholarly journals Feather loss in laying hens

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Slavca Hristov ◽  
Sreten Mitrovic ◽  
Mirjana Todorovic ◽  
Vladan Djermanovic ◽  
Ivica Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ventral Part ◽  
Dorsal Part ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The paper examined the incidence of different forms of feather loss and cannibalism in laying hens aged 74 weeks following moulting and in laying hens following exploitation for a period of one year. The forms of feather loss were considered in detail through a repeated examination of video recordings and they were sorted according to localization - to feather loss on the ventral part of the neck, on the dorsal part of the neck, and on the back between the wings. Feather loss on the ventral part of the neck was established in 47.9% hens, and in the dorsal part in 16.77% hens of the 167 laying hens aged 74 weeks following moulting. The group of 129 laying hens that were observed following one-year exploitation exhibited considerably more frequent feather loss, in 96.90% hens it was localized on the ventral part of the neck, in 60.47% hens on the dorsal part of the neck, and in 20.16% hens it was localized on the back between the wings. A comparison of the results of the incidence of co localized forms of feather loss in the one and the other group of laying hens using the t-test showed statistically very significant differences. A detailed consideration of the video recordings using the method of sequence analysis did not reveal any cannibalism in either group of laying hens.

POULTRY WASTES AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR SHEEP

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL FLIPOT ◽  
MARY McNIVEN ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total N ◽  
Wet Weight

Six wethers averaging 37 kg were used in a double 3 × 3 latin square design to evaluate poultry wastes as a feedstuff; small silos were used to measure the ensiling characteristics of these diets. Poultry excreta (CLE) were treated with tannic acid (3%) or paraformaldehyde (2%) and incorporated at a level of approximately 64% (wet weight) into test diets for sheep. Soybean meal and water replaced this material in the control diet. Dry matter and water intake of the CLE diet treated with 2% paraformaldehyde was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the other two diets. Dry matter, total N and energy digestibilities were decreased (P < 0.05) in diets containing CLE. Nitrogen retained as a percent of total N intake was not different for the control and the CLE tannic-acid-treated diets. The ensiling characteristics were not adversely affected by CLE.

scholarly journals KVALITET JAJA ORGANSKIH KOKOŠI NOSILJA U RAZLIČITIM FAZAMA PROIZVODNOG CIKLUSA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Rakonjac ◽  
◽  
Snežana Bogosavljevic-Boškovic ◽  
Vladimir Doskovic ◽  
Miloš Lukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

The aim of this study was to determine the eggs and eggshell quality of organic laying hens at different stages of the one-year production cycle. Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that the organic eggs of 24-week-old Isa Brown layers had lower weight and a higher shape index than the eggs of 48- and 72-week-old hens. On the other hand, the eggs of 24- and 48-week-old laying hens had a higher albumen height and Haugh units, and less colored yolks compared to the eggs of 72-week-old hens. In terms of eggshell quality, 24-week-old hen eggs had a higher proportion, thickness and breaking strength and less shell deformation compared to 48- and 72-week-old hen eggs.

Effect of defoliation frequency on growth and survival of four accessions of Psoralea eriantha

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Gutteridge ◽  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cutting Interval ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
The One ◽  
Cutting Regimes ◽  
Semi Arid

Four accessions of the semi-arid shrub legume Psoralea eriantha were evaluated under three six and nine week cutting regimes for 72 weeks in pots in the glasshouse. Total yield increased in all accessions with increasing intervals between cutting. Yield in the three week cutting interval was only 36 per cent of the yield in the nine week cutting interval. The one erect accession, though giving the highest average yield, also suffered the highest mortality under the frequent defoliation. The other accessions suffered little mortality. Defoliation frequency affected root and stubble weights and these were closely correlated with total dry matter yields. Frequent defoliation also markedly reduced the number of primary and secondary shoots. It is suggested that survival under grazing may be more important than a higher yielding ability.

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