Relationships between the responses of spring wheat genotypes to temperature and photoperiodic treatments and their performance in the field

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Ford ◽  
R. B. Austin ◽  
W. J. Angus ◽  
G. C. M. Sage
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
The North ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYThirty-eight spring wheat genotypes of north temperate or low latitude origin, all reasonably well adapted to the English environment, were grown in controlled environments providing the four combinations of 10 and 14 h photoperiods and temperatures of 8 and 16 °C for 6 weeks. They were then transferred to a glasshouse to assess their responses to these treatments. In separate experiments the responses of the genotypes to vernalization for 2 and 4 weeks at 2 and 8 °C were compared with unvernalized controls. The genotypes were also compared in field experiments from early, intermediate or late sowing over 3 years.Both high temperatures and long days hastened ear emergence. At the higher temperature more leaves and spikelets were produced on the main stem while in long days the plants had fewer leaves and spikelets.Most genotypes of north temperate and low latitude origin were responsive to photoperiod but not to the vernalization treatments. As a group, the low latitude ones were as responsive as the north temperate group. Five genotypes of north temperate origin were responsive to vernalization but not to photoperiod and were designated as ‘winter’ ones. Pitic 62 and Hork, from low latitudes, were responsive to vernalization and Hork was unique in also being responsive to photoperiod. The main difference between the north temperate and low latitude genotypes was in time to ear emergence and it is suggested that these differences were due to the effects of earliness genes as distinct from those determining photoperiodic response.Taking all genotypes individually there were no correlations between yield or its sensitivity to sowing date and any of the attributes measured in controlled environments. However, considering class means, the winter genotypes were the latest to reach ear emergence in the field, and their yields, while greatest from the earliest sowings, were proportionally more depressed by late sowing than the others of the north temperate origin. Thus, it may be unwise for plant breeders to incorporate a vernalization response in spring wheat varieties unless genes for ‘earliness’ are also included. The low latitude class gave only slightly lower yields than the north temperate class.It is concluded that genes other than those controlling responses to photoperiod, temperature and vernalization were more important determinants of the differences in yield among this set of genotypes.

scholarly journals Biplot Yield Analysis of Heat-Tolerant Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Multiple Growing Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
M. Farhad ◽  
M.A.H.S. Jahan ◽  
M. Golam Mahboob ◽  
Jagadish Timsina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract It is important to identify and develop stable wheat varieties that can grow under heat stress. This important issue was addressed in Bangladesh using six wheat genotypes, including three existing elite cultivars (‘BARI Gom 26’, ‘BARI Gom 27’, ‘BARI Gom 28’) and three advanced lines (‘BAW 1130’, ‘BAW 1138’, ‘BAW 1140’). Six sowing dates, namely early sowing (ES) (10 November), optimum sowing (OS) (20 November), slightly late sowing (SLS) (30 November), late sowing (LS) (10 December), very late sowing (VLS) (20 December) and extremely late sowing (ELS) (30 December) were assessed over two years in four locations, representative of the diversity in Bangladesh’s agro-ecological zones. In a split plot design, sowing dates were allocated as main plots and genotypes as subplots. A GGE biplot analysis was applied to identify heat tolerance and to select and recommend genotypes for cultivation in heat-prone zones. All tested genotypes gave greatest grain yield (GY) after OS, followed by SLS, ES and LS, while VLS and ELS gave smallest GY. When GY and the correlations between GY and stress tolerance indices were considered, ‘BAW 1140’, ‘BARI Gom 28’ and ‘BARI Gom26’ performed best under heat stress, regardless of location or sowing date. In contrast, ‘BARI Gom 27’ and ‘BAW 1130’ were susceptible to heat stress in all locations in both years. Ranking of genotypes and environments using GGE biplot analysis for yield stability showed ‘BAW1140’ to be most stable, followed by ‘BARI Gom 28’ and ‘BARI Gom 26’. Wheat sown on November 20 resulted in highest GY but that sown on December 30 resulted in lowest GY in both years. In conclusion, ‘BAW 1140’, ‘BARI Gom 28’ and ‘BARI Gom 26’ are the recommended wheat genotypes for use under prevailing conditions in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Khan ◽  
M.R. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Effect of pesticide treatment of spring wheat plots on seed yields

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
A. A. Siroshtan ◽  
V. P. Kavunets ◽  
O. A. Zaima ◽  
S. F. Liskovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Introduction. High-quality varietal seeds, which can ensure a gain of 0.2–0.4 t/ha in the yields from their offspring, is one of the most important and cost-effective means to increase the gross grain collection of grain. Purpose. To study productive capacities of spring wheat seeds depending on treatment of fields with fungicides and insecticides. Materials and methods. The following indicators were evaluated: swelling activity, germination energy, laboratory germinability, initial growth strength, coleoptile length and the number of radicles. Seed samples that after pesticide treatment had showed the best results were tested in field experiments for productive capacities. The experimental plot area was 10 m2, in six replications. Seeds were sown with a seeder SN-10Ts after soybean with a seeding rate of 5 million germinable seeds per hectare. Spring wheat seeds produced in the experimental plots, which were treated with fungicides Akula (0.6 L/ha) and Soligor 425 EC (0.6 L/ha) and insecticides Fas (0.15 L/ha) and Karate Zeon 050 CS (0.15 L/ha) in organogenesis stages VI, VIII and X, were evaluated for productive capacities. The study was carried out on varieties MIP Zlata, Bozhena, MIP Raiduzhna and Diana. Results and discussion. Over the study years, the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of fungicide-treated plants was 0.23–0.36 t/ha; the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of insecticide-treated plants was – 0.24-0.31 t/ha. Pesticide-treated parental plants produced seeds with increased productive capacities: when such seeds were sown, the field germinability increased by 3-5%, and the plant survival – by 5-7%. Conclusions. The results indicate that the treatment of vegetating plants of spring wheat varieties in seed plots with fungicides and insecticides is a reliable way to obtain seeds with high productive capacities

scholarly journals Content of phenolic antioxidants and selenium in grain of einkorn (Triticum monococcum), emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
D. Miholová ◽  
V. Pivec ◽  
K. Jírů ◽  
D. Janovská
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Wheat is worldwide consumed and contributes significantly to the intake of antioxidants with beneficial healthy effects. In the precise two-year field experiments in 2008 and 2009 two varieties of wheat einkorn, two varieties of emmer wheat and three varieties of spring wheat and in 2009 in addition two other spring wheat varieties, three einkorn varieties and three emmer wheat varieties were evaluated for selenium content and antioxidants – total polyphenols (TP). Selenium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation technique (HGAAS) and total polyphenols with Folin-Ciocalteau assay. Higher selenium content in grain is related to emmer (58.9–68.4 mg/kg DM) and einkorn (50.0–54.8 mg/kg DM) varieties; in spring varieties selenium content ranged from 29.8 to 39.9 mg/kg DM. Among the varieties with high TP (expressed in gallic acid equivalents) emmer varieties prevail (584–692 mg/kg DM), less represented are einkorn (507–612 mg/kg DM) and spring wheat (502–601 mg/kg DM) varieties. Among varieties significant differences were determined. TP were significantly higher in emmer wheat varieties and one einkorn and one spring wheat variety. Between TP and Se significant linear correlation was determined (r = 0.709).  

scholarly journals   Spring, einkorn and emmer wheat species – potential rich sources of free ferulic acid and other phenolic compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
J. Musilová ◽  
Z. Kotíková ◽  
K. Hejtmánková ◽  
M. Orsák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hydrophilic Antioxidants ◽  
Potential Food

  Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L., subsp. monococcum), emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schuebl [Schrank], subsp. dicoccum) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may be rich in hydrophilic antioxidants, therefore being a potential food source with high nutritional properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the content of free ferulic acid (FFA) and total polyphenols (TP) beneficial for human health in wheat varieties and accessions for breeding and production. Einkorn, emmer and spring wheat varieties were assessed for TP and FFA contents in the precise two-year field experiments. The highest FFA content was determined in emmer wheat varieties and spring cv. Granny. High TP content was characteristic for emmer and spring wheat accessions, however also some einkorn ones were characterised by high levels. Year of cultivation showed a significant impact on FFA contents.  

The effect of date of sowing on the growth and yield of spring cereals

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Jessop ◽  
J. D. Ivins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYExperiments to study the effect of date of sowing at two centres in each of 3 years, 1967–9, are described and the results discussed. The earliest sowing date (early March) gave the highest yield of spring barley at both centres and of spring wheat at Sutton Bonington, but at Boxworth in 1967 and 1969 later sowing (early or late April) gave higher yields of grain, which were attributable mainly to increased grain numbers per ear. It is argued that in 1968 poor weather conditions in July and August resulted in very low 1000 grain weights, and although grain numbers were again higher from late sowing at Boxworth this treatment gave the lowest yields because of poorly filled grain. The date of sowing also affected yields of total dry matter, ratios of grain to straw, leaf-area indices, numbers of grains per ear and 1000 grain weights.

scholarly journals DISSEMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEPTORIOSIS IN SPRING WHEAT, DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS IN THE NORTH OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
S. A. Babkenova ◽  
A.T. Babkenov ◽  
A.A. Shabdan
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The North ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Favorable Weather

Wheat is the main product in 53 countries, including in our country. The leading producers of wheat grain in Kazakhstan are Akmola, Kostanay and North Kazakhstan regions. The virulence of previously weakly pathogenic pathogens, for example, spotted wheat leaves caused by many imperfect fungi from the genera Septoria and others, has increased. The purpose of the study is to conduct phytosanitary monitoring of the spread and development of spring wheat septoria and to study the influence of weather conditions on the development of the disease. The technique is generally accepted in phytopathological studies. In 2018, favorable weather conditions were elaborated for the development of Septoria on spring wheat. A high correlation in all studied varieties was observed between the degree of manifestation of the disease and the number of days with precipitation > 1 mm. 2019 was an unfavorable year for the development of septorious spots, the disease was depressed. A close negative correlation was found on all wheat varieties between the degree of development of the disease and the number of days with precipitation > 1 mm. Phytosanitary monitoring of the spread and development of spring wheat septoria is required annual monitoring to conduct a complex of preventive and protective measures to limit them.

scholarly journals Breeding wheat varieties of different development types adapted to different growing conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Yu. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Alternative Type ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Late Sowing

Aim. When forming optimal sowing structure, considering certain conditions of soil and climate zones, a particular region and farm, it is necessary to have a complex of varieties with different levels of plasticity, stability and the length of a growing season, the duration of a vernalization stage and photoperiodic sensitivity. Methods. The research was conducted according to the methods of field experiments. The winter wheat varieties included and the wheat varieties of an alternative type of different genetic and ecological origin were used in the research. Results. The purposeful inclusion of the wheat varieties Znakhidka odeska, Khersonska unbearded, the variety of an alternative type Nevesinjka 471, NS 446 and others into hybridization by a diallel scheme allowed realizing the complexes of such features as fast maturation, 1000 grain weight, adaptive properties in the offspring resulting in high productivity. The promising lines selected in the breeding process became the basis for developing new winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the varieties of an alternative type Solomiia, Klarysa. Conclusions. The conducted research resulted in developing promising soft winter wheat varieties and the varieties of an alternative type, which ensure high and steady grain yields, especially under late sowing dates. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of an alternative type, combining ability of genotypes.

Ear emergence of Australian, Mexican, and European wheats in relation to time of sowing and their response to vernalization and daylength

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Syme
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Autumn Sowing ◽  
Late Sowing

Seven Australian wheat varieties were compared with six Mexican and four European spring wheats for the influence of sowing date on time to ear emergence in the field. Their sensitivities to daylength and vernalization were compared in a glasshouse experiment. The Australian varieties were intermediate in their response to daylength. Those suited to early autumn sowing depended on their vernalization sensitivity to delay ear emergence past the frost-liable period in the spring. The European varieties, with no vernalization response, were also suited to early sowing, the delay of ear emergence depending entirely on their high sensitivity to daylength. The Mexican varieties, with nil or small vernalization response and a low sensitivity to daylength developed too rapidly for early sowing, but were more suited to late sowing than the Australian varieties.

scholarly journals   Antioxidant activity of grain of einkorn (Triticum mono-coccum L.), emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schuebl [Schrank]) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
M. Orsák ◽  
V. Pivec ◽  
K. Jírů
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Antioxidant Intake

Wheat and cereals generally are largely consumed worldwide and contribute significantly to antioxidant intake with beneficial health effects. In the precise two-year field experiments, two varieties of wheat einkorn, two varieties of emmer wheat and three varieties of spring wheat in 2008 and moreover further two spring wheat varieties, three einkorn varieties and three emmer wheat varieties in 2009, were evaluated for antioxidant activity (AOA) using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH). The higher grain AOA was observed in emmer (215.4–257.6 mg Trolox/kg DM) and einkorn (149.8–255.8 mg Trolox/kg DM) varieties, while in spring varieties the AOA ranged between 195.8 and 210.0 mg Trolox/kg DM. A linear correlation between total polyphenols and AOA was determined (r = 0.739, P ≤ 0.05). Emmer and einkorn wheat varieties showed high AOA and can be promising sources of these nutritionally appreciated grain constituents.  

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