scholarly journals DISSEMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEPTORIOSIS IN SPRING WHEAT, DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS IN THE NORTH OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
S. A. Babkenova ◽  
A.T. Babkenov ◽  
A.A. Shabdan
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The North ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Favorable Weather

Wheat is the main product in 53 countries, including in our country. The leading producers of wheat grain in Kazakhstan are Akmola, Kostanay and North Kazakhstan regions. The virulence of previously weakly pathogenic pathogens, for example, spotted wheat leaves caused by many imperfect fungi from the genera Septoria and others, has increased. The purpose of the study is to conduct phytosanitary monitoring of the spread and development of spring wheat septoria and to study the influence of weather conditions on the development of the disease. The technique is generally accepted in phytopathological studies. In 2018, favorable weather conditions were elaborated for the development of Septoria on spring wheat. A high correlation in all studied varieties was observed between the degree of manifestation of the disease and the number of days with precipitation > 1 mm. 2019 was an unfavorable year for the development of septorious spots, the disease was depressed. A close negative correlation was found on all wheat varieties between the degree of development of the disease and the number of days with precipitation > 1 mm. Phytosanitary monitoring of the spread and development of spring wheat septoria is required annual monitoring to conduct a complex of preventive and protective measures to limit them.

SPRING WHEAT CLOGGING BY CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS INFLUENCE FOR PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS IN FOREST-STEPPE OF SAMARA REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Шарапов ◽  
Ivan Sharapov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Field Bindweed

The obgect of research is the wheat grain yield improving by reducing the infestation of spring wheat. The research was carried out in 2013-2014 in the experimental fields of the Volga PRSISSP of P. N. Konstantinov in crops of spring wheat varieties Kinelskaya 59. Assessment of the abundance of field bindweed was carried out according to the method of Drude. Then the selected sheaves are dried and dealt into crop and weed components. In harmfulness field bindweed affects weather conditions of the growing season. Under the influence of field bindweed yield of spring wheat in arid 2013 decreased by 20% and more humid in 2014 by 44%. Dry weight stalks field bindweed in 2013 was 1.1 g, and in 2014 – 2.8 g, which determined its harmfulness higher in 2014. The loss of productivity of wheat grain under the influence of bindweed field in droughty 2013 happened, first of all, due to reduction of above-ground mass of wheat. This reduces the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus and the mass of heads. In more favorable to the development of culture and the weeds 2014, the biological yield of wheat decreased, primarily due to the decrease of productive tillering, the number of productive stems and grain weight per ear. Correlation between dry mass of field bindweed and the elements of productivity were authentic. The dispersive analysis showed reliability of the provided data.

scholarly journals Some correlations between parameters of winter wheat technological quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Jindřiška Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Technological Quality

The results of three-year trials (1999 to 2001) conducted with six winter wheat varieties in which was studied the grain yield and parameters of technological quality. Varieties of wheat come from four different localities of the Czech Republic. The most favourable weather conditions, a lot of precipitation and high temperature in the course of ripening from three years were proved in the year 2000. The best grain yield were in 2001 (average of sites 8.84 t/ha) and variety Semper, worst quality, had the highest grain yield of 9.17 t/ha, the least grain yield had Sulamit, best quality (7.94 t/ha). The laboratory analysis revealed negative correlation between grain yield and baking quality. The number of statistically highly significant correlations among bread-making quality parameters too.The negative correlation was of grain yield and grain volume mass (P < 0.05), Zeleny test and protein content taken as a whole for three years (P < 0.01). The correlation of loaf volume, which is the traits of baking quality and Zeleny test (r = 0.6016**), protein content (r = 0.5932**), dough stability (r = 0.2898**) and flour water absorption (r = 0.3632**) was positive (P < 0.01).

Relationships between the responses of spring wheat genotypes to temperature and photoperiodic treatments and their performance in the field

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Ford ◽  
R. B. Austin ◽  
W. J. Angus ◽  
G. C. M. Sage
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
The North ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYThirty-eight spring wheat genotypes of north temperate or low latitude origin, all reasonably well adapted to the English environment, were grown in controlled environments providing the four combinations of 10 and 14 h photoperiods and temperatures of 8 and 16 °C for 6 weeks. They were then transferred to a glasshouse to assess their responses to these treatments. In separate experiments the responses of the genotypes to vernalization for 2 and 4 weeks at 2 and 8 °C were compared with unvernalized controls. The genotypes were also compared in field experiments from early, intermediate or late sowing over 3 years.Both high temperatures and long days hastened ear emergence. At the higher temperature more leaves and spikelets were produced on the main stem while in long days the plants had fewer leaves and spikelets.Most genotypes of north temperate and low latitude origin were responsive to photoperiod but not to the vernalization treatments. As a group, the low latitude ones were as responsive as the north temperate group. Five genotypes of north temperate origin were responsive to vernalization but not to photoperiod and were designated as ‘winter’ ones. Pitic 62 and Hork, from low latitudes, were responsive to vernalization and Hork was unique in also being responsive to photoperiod. The main difference between the north temperate and low latitude genotypes was in time to ear emergence and it is suggested that these differences were due to the effects of earliness genes as distinct from those determining photoperiodic response.Taking all genotypes individually there were no correlations between yield or its sensitivity to sowing date and any of the attributes measured in controlled environments. However, considering class means, the winter genotypes were the latest to reach ear emergence in the field, and their yields, while greatest from the earliest sowings, were proportionally more depressed by late sowing than the others of the north temperate origin. Thus, it may be unwise for plant breeders to incorporate a vernalization response in spring wheat varieties unless genes for ‘earliness’ are also included. The low latitude class gave only slightly lower yields than the north temperate class.It is concluded that genes other than those controlling responses to photoperiod, temperature and vernalization were more important determinants of the differences in yield among this set of genotypes.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of spring wheat grain yield in the Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate

The results of the study of five seeding rates (variants) in the cultivation of spring durum wheat Bezenchukskaya Niva with seed treatment with Scenic Combi preparation (1.4 l/t) in order to identify the optimal rate are presented. On ordinary chernozem for 2017-2020 in the arid conditions of the Volga region, it was found out that when growing a crop for winter wheat, a decrease in seeding rates contributed to an increase in the coefficient of total and productive bushiness, the weight of grain from the ear and plant, the number of grains from the ear. On average, over the years of research, the yield of spring wheat grain at seeding rates of 2.0-5.0 million/ha was 2.00-2.22 t / ha. Under favorable weather conditions, the yield advantage was the norm of 4.0-5.0 million/ha by 6.2-37 %, in the acutely arid 2.0-3.0 million / ha by 3.4-16.4 % more, compared to other options. Wheat yield was most affected by the air temperature during the growing season (r=-0.97* to -0.99*). Of the elements of the structure, the maximum conjugacy with the yield at the norms of 1.0-4.0 is noted with the number and weight of grain from the ear and plant, the height of the plants (r=0,97*-1,0**). On average, over the years of research, the highest net income was established on the variants with the norm of 3.0-4.0 million / ha-17100.4-17442.8 rubles / ha, which is 761.9-1704.7 rubles/ha (4.7-10.8 %) more than the variants with the norm of 2.0 and 5.0 million/ha. The maximum level of profitability was revealed at the rate of 1.0 million / ha-194.6 %, which is 9.6-41.3% more than the options with the rate of 2.0-4.0 million / ha. Based on the conducted research, the seeding rate of 2.0-4.0 million/ha is recommended for the cultivation of spring durum wheat for commercial purposes. In the original seed production – 1.0 and 2.0 million/ha, providing a multiplication factor of up to 57.8 kg/kg of grain.

scholarly journals VARIETAL COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF FUSARIUM PRESENCE ON WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE TAMBOV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
G. N. Buchneva ◽  
I. V. Gusev ◽  
O. I. Korabelskaya ◽  
N. N. Dubrovskaya ◽  
V. V. Chekmarev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Wheat Seeds

In the climatic conditions of the Central Black-earth region, the infection of wheat grain with Fusarium fungi is of latent nature and can only be detected by mycological analysis. For this reason, the varietal composition of the pathogenic complex of fungi Fusarium on winter and spring wheat has not been thoroughly studied yet. Working with the problem in the conditions of the Tambov region, it was found that the grain of these varieties was infected with various species of Fusarium. The most infected spring wheat varieties were “Nik” (69%), “Biora” (45%) and “Prokhorovka” (30%). The varieties “Saratovskaya 29” (4%) and “Tulaikovskaya 100” (5%) were less infected than the other. Nine species of fungus Fusarium spp. found on spring wheat seeds were F. acuminatum Ellis, an Everhart (1895), a Wollenweber (1917), F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. culmorum (WG Smith) Saccardo  (1895), F. equiseti (Corda) Saccardo (1886), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913), F. sambucinum Fuckel (1869), F. semitectum Berkeley and Ravenel in Berkeley (1875), F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915) and F. tricinctum (Corda) Saccardo (1886). The leading position was occupied by the species Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. avenaceum. The frequency of their occurrence on spring wheat seeds was 56.6 and 20.9%, respectively. The contamination of winter wheat with a Fusarium fungus was lower than the infection of spring wheat (1–8%). Four species of Fusarium spp. were identified on the seeds of winter wheat, they are F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. graminearum Schwabe (1838), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913) and F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915). The dominant position belonged to the species Fusarium poae and F. sporotrichioides (41.7 and 37.5%). It has been shown that the level of infection of wheat seeds by Fusarium fungi depends on the variety resistance to the infection.

scholarly journals Spectral assessments of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines in the autumn period

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
R.I. Topko ◽  
◽  
G.V. Vologdina ◽  
A.V. Gumenyk ◽  
H.M. Kovalyshyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Sowing Period

The introduction of modern methods for field assessment of winter wheat genotypes is an integral part of improving the quality of the breeding process. The creation, adaptation and use of innovative screening technologies in breeding is becoming increasingly popular and allows the breeder to more widely and objectively evaluate the original forms and newly created material. Important for winter is the autumn period, when under favorable weather conditions (gradual decrease in temperature) there is a slowdown in the growth rate of winter wheat, changing physiological and biochemical processes in the plant, which contribute to its transition to hibernation. The state of winter wheat crops (morpho-biometric indicators of plants) in the autumn is largely decisive in the formation of a sufficient level of winter hardiness, and thus affects the further productivity of the crop. According to the results of analysis of morpho-biological and spectral analysis data, it was established that before overwintering the best condition for the first sowing period was winter wheat plants: MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.48), erythrospermum line 55023 (NDVI = 0.46), Lutesens 60049 (NDVI = 0.46), varieties MIP Distinction (NDVI = 0.46) MIP Jubilee (NDVI = 0.46), MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.46) and line Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0, 47). In the standard variety Podolyanka, the index value was at the level of 0.45. During the second sowing period, the following varieties were identified: MIP Assol (NDVI = 0.32), Ballad Myronivska (NDVI = 0.32), Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Jubilejna ( NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 60107 (NDVI = 0.32). NDVI index of Podolyanka variety was at the level of 0.32.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF HIGH-QUALITY GRAIN IN WINTER COMMON WHEAT BREEDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
N.I. Sokolenko ◽  
◽  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
N.M. Komarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Gluten Content

Research on improving winter common wheat varieties in the context of combining high yield and grain quality is relevant. The research aimed to evaluate and select variety samples of winter common wheat with high technological indicators of grain quality for breeding purposes. In this study, we analyzed grain from 10 variety samples of the world collection; winter wheat grain of variety ‘Aivina’ served as a standard. Soil – ordinary medium-loamy medium-thick low-humus chernozem. Wheat was grown on the experimental fields of the North Caucasus FARC in the zone with unstable moistening on bare fallow. Grain vitreousness percentage in 2019 ranged between 44.0 and 53.0 %, in 2020 – 30.5–50.0 %. In the same years, this indicator for variety-standard ‘Aivina’ was 56.0 and 48.0 %, respectively. The gluten content in the grain depended on the weather conditions and genotype. Grain of all varieties harvested in 2019, including standard ‘Aivina’, had a high gluten content (28.2–35.6 %) and corresponded to strong wheat. In 2020, the situation was absolutely different. The amount of gluten in the grain of variety samples harvested in 2020 ranged between 22.9 and 34.6 %; for ‘Aivina’, this indicator reached 26.9 %. The gluten quality in all variety samples during the years of research was typical for class 2. The variety samples were characterized by a high protein content in the grain – 16.7–20.8 % and 13.5–20.4 %; the same indicator for ‘Aivina’ was 16.7 and 15.8 %. Sedimentation rate in the variety samples was 50–81 ml and 34–64 ml; in ‘Aivina’ – 50 and 43 ml. Maximum sedimentation values were noted for the variety ‘Prestizh’. It indicates the ability to form grain, the strength of which is typical for wheat-improver. The correlation between sedimentation and gluten content (r = 0.63), as well as between sedimentation and the falling number (r = 0.73), was positive and significant during the years of research. All studied genotypes are promising for breeding new wheat varieties as sources for obtaining high-quality grain.

scholarly journals Ecological trial of the winter wheat varieties of the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
V. L. Sapunkov ◽  
A. V. Solonkin ◽  
A. V. Guzenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The current paper has presented the trial results of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in 2018 -2020. Currently, the farmers have bred a lot of different wheat varieties, but they are not able to take into account all the peculiarities of their cultivation. The purpose of the current work was to study the features of the autumn and spring-summer vegetation periods of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. There have been selected 10 winter wheat varieties for the trials. The field trial was laid down on dark chestnut soils of the lands of the Serafimovichsky district in the Volgograd region. The study was carried out according to the generally accepted B.A. Dospekhov’s methodology. The field trials showed that the germination of winter wheat was influenced by a seeding depth, which was 7-9 cm. The best germination was found among the varieties ‘Asket’, ‘Etyud’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Donskaya Step’ and ‘Zhavoronok’. During the trials, the formation of a productive stand was greatly influenced by the weather (the length of a spring tillering period, precipitation in May), as well as the traits of the variety. The winter wheat varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Krasa Dona’ were able to form a large number of productive stems under favorable weather conditions. Under insufficient moisture supply, the largest number of productive stems was formed by the varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Lilit’. The highest tillering intensity during an autumn vegetation period was shown by the variety ‘Lidiya’ (4.7–6.2 shoots), including the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.2–5.4 shoots) and ‘Etyud’ (4.0–5.3 shoots). The largest productivity was produced by the varieties ‘Donskaya Step’ (4.97 t/ha), ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.95 t/ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (4.90 t/ha) over three years.

RESPONSIVENESS OF SPRING WHEAT TO THE EFFECTS AND AFTEREFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
S. А. Nikiforova ◽  
◽  
S. А. Zaharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

In 2016-2018, scientific research was carried out on the experimental field of the Ulyanovsk agricultural research Institute on leached heavy loam chernozem to assess the effectiveness and aftereffect of mineral and organic fertilizers in the technology of cultivation of spring wheat varieties, depending on the level of intensification. Weather conditions over the years of research were characterized as quite favorable, but during the period of germination-tillering plants experienced a lack of productive moisture, which affected the overall productivity of the crop and the effectiveness of organic and mineral fertilizers. Spring wheat crops used the aftereffect of straw of the previous crop (winter wheat) and manure, as well as the effect and aftereffect (introduced under winter wheat) of mineral fertilizers. The responsiveness of varieties to mineral and organic was different, which was explained by varietal features and the conditions of water availability of the year. Separate planting of winter wheat straw in the soil did not lead to a significant increase in crop productivity. High availability of soil by mineral nutrients (natural fertility) allowed to get depending on grade from 2.3 to 2.96 t/ha of grain in the control variant (without fertilizers), on the ground the advantage was with the variety Margarita (2,96 t/ha). The largest grain yield was formed by spring wheat of Margarita variety, but this variety showed less responsiveness to mineral and organic fertilizers. On average, the increase in yield, depending on the level of intensification, was 0.3-0.5 t / ha. The use of complex fertilizers for pre-sowing cultivation and the aftereffect of organic fertilizers led to an increase in the content of protein (up to 14.1-15.9 %) and gluten (up to 25.9-30.0 %).

CORRELATION OF GRAIN AND LEGUMINOUS CROPS YIELD FROM AGROCHEMICAL SOIL PARAMETERS AND WEATHER CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Муратов ◽  
Marsel Muratov ◽  
Гилязов ◽  
Minnegali Gilyazov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient

This work is dedicated to the evaluation of dependence of grain and leguminous crops yield from the main agrochemical parameters of soil and weather conditions. Proceedings on agrochemical survey of arable soils, crop yields, and the main agro-meteorological indicators of Baltasi municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan for 1980-2010 years were generalized. Over the years aproductivity of grain and leguminous crops in the region has increased for 1.73-2.25 times, increasing the yield for 37-49 kg per hectare grain per year. The productivity of all crops is most closely connected with the average content of mobile potassium (r = 0.83-0.90) and phosphorus (r = 0.51-0.78). A moderate negative correlation was found between yield of studied species and share of arable land, having an acid reaction (r = - 0.32-0.48). During the study period the moisture content of the Baltasi municipal district of Tatarstan often (recurrence is 63.4%) was characterized as insufficient or arid. We found a negative correlation of spring crops productivity (spring wheat, barley, pea) from the amount of active temperatures, which indicates that heat supply of the area is not a limiting factor for these crops, and a growing fever of the season often has a negative impact. The tightness and direction of the correlation the productivity of spring crops and peas from the amount of rainfall is changing dramatically by periods: if the amount of precipitation in May has a very weak positive effect on the productivity (r = 0.16-0.17), the rain, falling during maturation and harvesting, have a negative impact (r = -0.14 and -0.21). The largest positive impact on the spring crops yield had a rainfall of June. Especially the correlation was noticeable for pea (r = 0.64) and spring wheat (r = 0.58). Compared with the June precipitation, total precipitation during the growing season had on the yield of spring crops significantly less impact (r = 0.32-0.53). The productivity of spring crops was less dependent on the amount of annual rainfall (r = 0.28-0.49). The productivity of spring crops and peas are most closely correlated with Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient in June (r = 0.50-0.65), and winter rye - in August before sowing (r = 0.45). Therefore, to predict the effects of the prevailing weather conditions on productivity of certain crops, it should be used the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov of the relevant month. According to the yield correlation coefficients from Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient on vulnerability to adverse weather conditions (insufficient moisture content, high temperature) experienced species can be arranged in the next growing rate: peas &#60;spring wheat &#60;barley &#60;winter rye.

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