scholarly journals Content of phenolic antioxidants and selenium in grain of einkorn (Triticum monococcum), emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
D. Miholová ◽  
V. Pivec ◽  
K. Jírů ◽  
D. Janovská
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Wheat is worldwide consumed and contributes significantly to the intake of antioxidants with beneficial healthy effects. In the precise two-year field experiments in 2008 and 2009 two varieties of wheat einkorn, two varieties of emmer wheat and three varieties of spring wheat and in 2009 in addition two other spring wheat varieties, three einkorn varieties and three emmer wheat varieties were evaluated for selenium content and antioxidants – total polyphenols (TP). Selenium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation technique (HGAAS) and total polyphenols with Folin-Ciocalteau assay. Higher selenium content in grain is related to emmer (58.9–68.4 mg/kg DM) and einkorn (50.0–54.8 mg/kg DM) varieties; in spring varieties selenium content ranged from 29.8 to 39.9 mg/kg DM. Among the varieties with high TP (expressed in gallic acid equivalents) emmer varieties prevail (584–692 mg/kg DM), less represented are einkorn (507–612 mg/kg DM) and spring wheat (502–601 mg/kg DM) varieties. Among varieties significant differences were determined. TP were significantly higher in emmer wheat varieties and one einkorn and one spring wheat variety. Between TP and Se significant linear correlation was determined (r = 0.709).  

scholarly journals   Spring, einkorn and emmer wheat species – potential rich sources of free ferulic acid and other phenolic compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
J. Musilová ◽  
Z. Kotíková ◽  
K. Hejtmánková ◽  
M. Orsák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hydrophilic Antioxidants ◽  
Potential Food

  Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L., subsp. monococcum), emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schuebl [Schrank], subsp. dicoccum) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may be rich in hydrophilic antioxidants, therefore being a potential food source with high nutritional properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the content of free ferulic acid (FFA) and total polyphenols (TP) beneficial for human health in wheat varieties and accessions for breeding and production. Einkorn, emmer and spring wheat varieties were assessed for TP and FFA contents in the precise two-year field experiments. The highest FFA content was determined in emmer wheat varieties and spring cv. Granny. High TP content was characteristic for emmer and spring wheat accessions, however also some einkorn ones were characterised by high levels. Year of cultivation showed a significant impact on FFA contents.  

scholarly journals   Antioxidant activity of grain of einkorn (Triticum mono-coccum L.), emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schuebl [Schrank]) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
M. Orsák ◽  
V. Pivec ◽  
K. Jírů
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Antioxidant Intake

Wheat and cereals generally are largely consumed worldwide and contribute significantly to antioxidant intake with beneficial health effects. In the precise two-year field experiments, two varieties of wheat einkorn, two varieties of emmer wheat and three varieties of spring wheat in 2008 and moreover further two spring wheat varieties, three einkorn varieties and three emmer wheat varieties in 2009, were evaluated for antioxidant activity (AOA) using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH). The higher grain AOA was observed in emmer (215.4–257.6 mg Trolox/kg DM) and einkorn (149.8–255.8 mg Trolox/kg DM) varieties, while in spring varieties the AOA ranged between 195.8 and 210.0 mg Trolox/kg DM. A linear correlation between total polyphenols and AOA was determined (r = 0.739, P ≤ 0.05). Emmer and einkorn wheat varieties showed high AOA and can be promising sources of these nutritionally appreciated grain constituents.  

scholarly journals EMMER WHEAT IS A PROMISING GRAIN CROP FOR ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
S. D. Gilev ◽  
I. N. Tsymbalenko ◽  
A. N. Kopylov ◽  
E. A. Filippova ◽  
T. A. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

The article presents a short review of emmer wheat distribution throughout the whole world and the regions of Russia. The grain of emmer wheat is found rich in microelements, vitamins, nondispensible amino-acids and other useful substances. The article considers the two-year study results (2016, 2017) of the trials with emmer wheat on the central experimental plot of the Kurgansk RIA. Some separate elements of cultivation technologies of the emmer wheat variety ‘Gremme’ and the spring wheat variety ‘Zauralochka’ have been developed in three-year crop and fallow rotation on the extensive and intensive backgrounds. The variety ‘Gremme’ produced 3.4 t/ha being the largest yield during the trials, the spring wheat variety ‘Zauralochka’ gave only 2.98 t/ha. In the competitive variety-testing we studied comparative productivity of emmer wheat varieties ‘Gremme’ and ‘Runo’ with the spring wheat varieties ‘Tertsiya’ and ‘Iren’. The variety ‘Runo’ was found highly tolerant to powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, and grown without fertilizers and fungicides it was the most productive variety with 2.87 t/ha compared with the varieties ‘Tertsiya’, ‘Iren’ and ‘Gremme’ with 1.17, 1.26 and 1.72 t/ha respectively. According to the baking qualities, emmer wheat yielded to the spring wheat varieties. At the same time there is high protein content (17.5%) in the variety ‘Runo’. The preliminary results of the study show that the unhulled variety ‘Runo’ in the organic farming system claims to play a leading role in obtaining an environmentally clean grain rich in the necessary elements of nutrition. 

Relationships between the responses of spring wheat genotypes to temperature and photoperiodic treatments and their performance in the field

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Ford ◽  
R. B. Austin ◽  
W. J. Angus ◽  
G. C. M. Sage
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
The North ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYThirty-eight spring wheat genotypes of north temperate or low latitude origin, all reasonably well adapted to the English environment, were grown in controlled environments providing the four combinations of 10 and 14 h photoperiods and temperatures of 8 and 16 °C for 6 weeks. They were then transferred to a glasshouse to assess their responses to these treatments. In separate experiments the responses of the genotypes to vernalization for 2 and 4 weeks at 2 and 8 °C were compared with unvernalized controls. The genotypes were also compared in field experiments from early, intermediate or late sowing over 3 years.Both high temperatures and long days hastened ear emergence. At the higher temperature more leaves and spikelets were produced on the main stem while in long days the plants had fewer leaves and spikelets.Most genotypes of north temperate and low latitude origin were responsive to photoperiod but not to the vernalization treatments. As a group, the low latitude ones were as responsive as the north temperate group. Five genotypes of north temperate origin were responsive to vernalization but not to photoperiod and were designated as ‘winter’ ones. Pitic 62 and Hork, from low latitudes, were responsive to vernalization and Hork was unique in also being responsive to photoperiod. The main difference between the north temperate and low latitude genotypes was in time to ear emergence and it is suggested that these differences were due to the effects of earliness genes as distinct from those determining photoperiodic response.Taking all genotypes individually there were no correlations between yield or its sensitivity to sowing date and any of the attributes measured in controlled environments. However, considering class means, the winter genotypes were the latest to reach ear emergence in the field, and their yields, while greatest from the earliest sowings, were proportionally more depressed by late sowing than the others of the north temperate origin. Thus, it may be unwise for plant breeders to incorporate a vernalization response in spring wheat varieties unless genes for ‘earliness’ are also included. The low latitude class gave only slightly lower yields than the north temperate class.It is concluded that genes other than those controlling responses to photoperiod, temperature and vernalization were more important determinants of the differences in yield among this set of genotypes.

Performance and stability of performance of spring wheat variety mixtures in organic and conventional management systems in western Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. E. E. KAUT ◽  
H. E. MASON ◽  
A. NAVABI ◽  
J. T. O'DONOVAN ◽  
D. SPANER
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Variety Mixtures ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

SUMMARYWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety mixtures represent a relatively unexplored avenue for maintaining and stabilizing yield for both organic and conventional producers. The present study examined the responses of three Canadian western red spring wheat varieties in sole crop and in variety mixtures to varying levels of simulated and natural competition, as well as environmental stress at one conventionally and two organically managed locations in central Alberta, Canada, between 2003 and 2005. Three modern hard red spring wheat varieties (Superb, semi-dwarf; AC Intrepid, early maturing and 5600HR, tall), along with 13 two- and three-way variety mixtures, were planted under two levels of simulated weed (Brassica juncea L.) competition at each of the eight location-years. The B. juncea weed competition treatment decreased yields at all locations. Overall yield was lowest at the certified organic farm and highest under conventional management. Sole-crop semi-dwarf Superb and all three Superb–Intrepid mixture entries consistently yielded among the highest, regardless of management system, testing location or competition treatment. The 1:1 and 1:2 Superb–Intrepid mixture entries were the most stable of all entries tested. Early season vigour was strongly associated with yield, with the strongest correlation occurring under low-moisture, low-nutrient, high-competition conditions at the certified organic farm. Spring wheat variety mixtures may provide greater stability with little or no reduction in yield, while providing greater competitive ability.

scholarly journals Effect of pesticide treatment of spring wheat plots on seed yields

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
A. A. Siroshtan ◽  
V. P. Kavunets ◽  
O. A. Zaima ◽  
S. F. Liskovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Introduction. High-quality varietal seeds, which can ensure a gain of 0.2–0.4 t/ha in the yields from their offspring, is one of the most important and cost-effective means to increase the gross grain collection of grain. Purpose. To study productive capacities of spring wheat seeds depending on treatment of fields with fungicides and insecticides. Materials and methods. The following indicators were evaluated: swelling activity, germination energy, laboratory germinability, initial growth strength, coleoptile length and the number of radicles. Seed samples that after pesticide treatment had showed the best results were tested in field experiments for productive capacities. The experimental plot area was 10 m2, in six replications. Seeds were sown with a seeder SN-10Ts after soybean with a seeding rate of 5 million germinable seeds per hectare. Spring wheat seeds produced in the experimental plots, which were treated with fungicides Akula (0.6 L/ha) and Soligor 425 EC (0.6 L/ha) and insecticides Fas (0.15 L/ha) and Karate Zeon 050 CS (0.15 L/ha) in organogenesis stages VI, VIII and X, were evaluated for productive capacities. The study was carried out on varieties MIP Zlata, Bozhena, MIP Raiduzhna and Diana. Results and discussion. Over the study years, the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of fungicide-treated plants was 0.23–0.36 t/ha; the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of insecticide-treated plants was – 0.24-0.31 t/ha. Pesticide-treated parental plants produced seeds with increased productive capacities: when such seeds were sown, the field germinability increased by 3-5%, and the plant survival – by 5-7%. Conclusions. The results indicate that the treatment of vegetating plants of spring wheat varieties in seed plots with fungicides and insecticides is a reliable way to obtain seeds with high productive capacities

Variability of resistance to common bunt of wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pospisil ◽  
J. Benada ◽  
I. Polisenská
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

During 1997–1998, the reaction of the collections of winter and spring wheat varieties to Tilletia caries was determined. In both years the most diseased winter varieties were Simona and Sparta, the least diseased were Samara and Ilona. High variability in the level of infection was observed in some varieties (VIada, Estica, Regina, Vega). No winter wheat variety was completely resistant. The most diseased spring wheat variety was Alexandria in both years, while Grandur showed no infection. High variability in the level of infection was observed in the special trials with cv. Ina and Contra. In trials of the efficacy of seed dressing against T. caries and T. laevis there was variability only in the controls, but not in dressed variants.

Producer participatory spring wheat variety evaluation for organic systems in Minnesota and North Dakota

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Kandel ◽  
P.M. Porter ◽  
P.M. Carr ◽  
S.F. Zwinger
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Certified Organic

AbstractOrganic producers in Minnesota and North Dakota, USA, indicated that they wanted to participate in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL. emend. Thell) variety evaluations. The objectives were to determine if a farmer–researcher developed scoring system could be used to rank wheat varieties for yield potential when grown in certified organic fields, identify views of organic producers about on-farm research, and identify the educational impact of the participatory variety evaluation process. Hard red spring wheat varieties were compared for grain yield at six locations on certified organic farms in Minnesota and North Dakota over a three-year period. A scoring system was developed and then used to identify the relative rank of adapted varieties for yield. Producers were asked to rank all varieties on a scale from 1 to 9, where 1 is lowest yield potential and 9 is highest yield potential. Producers were able to distinguish higher producing varieties as a group in 2003 and 2004. ‘Oklee’ a high yielding variety was ranked lowest in 2005. There was a significant linear relationship between producer ranking and yield (P<0.05) even though producers could not pick the highest yielding varieties consistently in the field. The producer survey showed that grain yield, protein content, wheat scab resistance, leaf disease resistance, early seedling vigor, test weight and canopy closure were traits producers valued most in a variety. Heading date, impact on succeeding crops, straw and stubble production were ranked lower. Multi-year variety evaluation on certified organic land was highly valued by the producers surveyed. From an educational perspective, the exercise was successful in that producers had to observe individual varieties carefully in order to come to a consensus producer ranking. The model of participatory research can be used for a variety of field research projects and field days.

scholarly journals Model of integrated resistant variety spring wheat for soil-climatic conditions of the Kurgan region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
VV Evseev ◽  
I N Mikolaychik ◽  
L A Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract In the conditions of resource-saving or “zero” soil cultivation, when a mass of plant residues remains on the surface of the field, the phytosanitary situation for many leaf diseases of wheat, the primary infection of which hibernates on straw, as well as root rot, has become extremely aggravated. The complication of the phytosanitary situation, especially concerning septoria and pyrenoforosis, was also facilitated by the predominantly chemical strategy of plant protection. In this situation, the selection of wheat varieties for complex resistance to leading pathogens and unfavorable environmental factors acquires relevance. The introduction of new resistant varieties into the agroecosystem allows for a change in biological diversity, expansion of the ecological niche of antagonists, and the prevalence of the stabilizing type of natural selection in pathogen populations. In this regard, the work aimed to develop a conceptual model (idiotype) of a complex resistant wheat variety to the main pathogens with traits that are responsible for optimizing the relationship of plants with pests. The main objectives of the study were to identify the immunogenetic mechanisms of local spring wheat varieties that reduce the biotic potential of harmful organisms. and restraining the rate of their adaptive population variability; development of a conceptual model of a comprehensively resistant variety and methods for selecting resistant forms of plants. For the first time, an assessment of all immunogenetic barriers can effectively and long-term protect plants from the effects of infectious and non-infectious agents. unfavorable abiotic environmental factors, as well as the analysis of the information available in the scientific literature on the mechanisms and parameters of plant resistance, a conceptual model of a variety of soft spring wheat, was developed for the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals with resistance to a complex of phytopathogenic fungi and moisture deficit. resistance should be focused primarily on pyramiding a block of resistance genes (polygenes) with the use of appropriate techniques, on the formation of complex resistance to stressors of different childbirth. Such models have no analogs since research in this direction in regional research institutes (Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, etc.) has not previously been carried out.

scholarly journals Development of new winter and spring wheat varieties in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Vija Strazdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
The State ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

Development of new winter and spring wheat varieties in Latvia The newest wheat varieties developed at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute are winter wheat ‘Fredis’ and spring wheat ‘Uffo‘ and ‘Robijs‘. The winter wheat variety ‘Fredis‘ (‘Donskaya Polukarlikovaya‘/‘Abe‘//‘Lowrin 24‘) was developed from 1986 to 2002. The variety has good winter hardiness (7-9 points), earliness (growing period 212-215 days from 1 January), and average yield is 6.0 t ha -1. Grain quality is suitable mostly for food. The variety was registered in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2007 and in the Estonian Plant Catalogue in 2011. In the period from 1992 to 2007, the new spring wheat variety ‘Uffo‘ (Sigma/Eta) was created. Variety ‘Uffo‘ is a mid-early variety, with yield potential 6-8 t ha-1, and moderate lodging resistance (5-7 points). Grain quality is suitable for food and feed. The variety ‘Uffo‘ was included in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2008 and in the Estonian Plant Catalogue in 2009. The spring wheat variety ‘Robijs‘, obtained from the crossing combinations Dragon/Anninia//Fasan//Fasan by anther culture, was developed at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute in collaboration with the Institute of Biology Latvian University from 2000 to 2007. The variety is a middle-early wheat, and is characteriszed by high yield potential (6-8 t ha-1), moderate resistance to lodging (7 points). It has moderate resistance to powdery mildew (3-5 point) and brown rust (10-25%). The grain quality is suitable for food. The variety was included in the Latvian Plant Catalogue in 2011.

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