The course of fertilizer nitrogen uptake by rainfed sugarcane in Mauritius

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ng Kee Kwong ◽  
J. Deville
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fertilizer N Uptake

SUMMARYThe patterns of N uptake and dry matter synthesis by sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid spp.) were studied at four locations in Mauritius with 15N–labelled ammonium sulphate (100 kg N/ha) applied either in a single dressing in September or in two split applications in September and the following February. More than 80% of the total N recovered at harvest (100–120 kgN/ha) was absorbed by the sugarcane during an active uptake period from October to January. Split application prolonged this active N uptake until April only and had no effect on dry matter accumulation. While total Nabsorbed by above-ground sugarcane showed no decline over time, 10–20 kg N/ha of the 15N–labelled N was lost from the green tops even when the N was applied on two occasions. The fertilizer N losses from above-ground sugarcane were, however, not evident when fertilizer N recovery with time was studied by the difference method. In view of the observed losses of fertilizer N from the aerial parts of sugarcane, measurement of fertilizer N recovery at harvest by the N isotope dilution technique underestimates fertilizer N uptake by sugarcane and attributes too large a fraction of N loss to denitrification/volatilization of NH3.

scholarly journals Isotopic and Nonisotopic Estimation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Uptake in Container-grown Woody Ornamentals

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 891E-892
Author(s):  
David R. Sandrock* ◽  
Timothy L. Righetti ◽  
Anita N. Azarenko
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Euonymus Alatus ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Isotopic Methods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Weigela Florida ◽  
Fertilizer N Uptake

Accurate methods for determining the fate and recovery of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to container-grown nursery crops are essential to comply with regulations and develop innovative fertilizer programs. The objectives of this study were (i) to use 15N techniques to determine the fate of fertilizer N, (ii) to compare nonisotopic and isotopic methods of determining N recovery, and (iii) to determine the relative importance of fertilizer and non-fertilizer N at rates of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg·L-1 in container-grown Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb., Cornus sericea L., and Weigela florida (Bunge) A. DC. In all species, root and shoot N increased with N rate, and at each rate more N was stored in the roots than in the shoots. Estimation of N recovery determined by the total N method (Kjeldahl N/applied N) was significantly higher for all species and at each N rate than estimation of N recovery determined by the labeled fertilizer N method (labeled N/total applied N). Increasing fertilizer rates up to 100 mg·L-1 resulted in increased uptake of N derived from other sources (NDFO). NDFO at low N concentrations was a significant portion of the total N in the plant. As a result, the difference in estimation of percent N recovery between each method was larger at lower N concentrations for all species. The nonisotopic total N method produces higher fertilizer N uptake estimates, as much as three to four times the isotopic based estimates, in container-grown plants at N concentrations of 25 mg·L-1. Actual fertilizer N loss increases dramatically from 25 to 300 mg·L-1 (due to dramatic increases in N applied), despite small gains in fertilizer N recovery efficiency.

Effect of growing season rainfall and tillage on the uptake and recovery of 15N-labelled urea fertilizer by spring wheat in a semi-arid environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Malhi ◽  
Y K Soon ◽  
S Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Semi Arid

Growing season rainfall affects fertilizer N recovery, particularly in semi-arid environments. However, the influence of rainfall distribution during the growing season is not well-understood. We conducted a 7-yr study (from 1997 to 2006) to assess this effect, and that of no-till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT), on fertilizer N recovery by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized with 15N-labelled urea at 40 kg N ha–1 and grown on stubble on a Dark Brown Chernozem soil in Saskatchewan, Canada. Two of the seven experimental years had growing season rainfall close to normal, one was above normal and four were below normal. Tillage treatment did not affect 15N recovery by wheat; however, 15N recovery in the top 15 cm of soil averaged 47% under NT vs. 39% under CT (P = 0.02). Total N and 15N uptakes were most affected by "year" due to variation in growing season rainfall distribution. Excluding an ultra-low value of 3.8% (or 1.5 kg N ha–1) in 2002, due to extreme drought, 15N recovery by wheat averaged 47.5% (range 30–57%), and percent N derived from fertilizer was 12–20%. Rainfall in May correlated significantly with 15N and total N uptake (r = 0.605 and 0.699, respectively). The recovery of 15N in wheat head correlated negatively with June rainfall (r = –0.624), probably because more moisture increased soil N mineralization, which diluted the 15N pool. During grain filling, soil N uptake was 12–30 kg ha–1, compared with negligible amounts (< 7%) of 15N; however, about 15 kg ha–1 of 15N were remobilized vs. 34–74 kg ha–1 of soil N. It is concluded that, in this semi-arid region, fertilizer N uptake is influenced more by rainfall in May than other months of the growth period.Key words: 15N-labelled urea, fertilizer N recovery, N uptake, rainfall, remobilized N, tillage

Performance of nitrate compared with urea fertilizer in a semiarid climate of the northern Great Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
Richard E. Engel ◽  
Carlos M. Romero ◽  
Patrick Carr ◽  
Jessica A. Torrion
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semiarid Regions

Fertilizer NO3-N may represent a benefit over NH4-N containing sources in semiarid regions where rainfall is often not sufficient to leach fertilizer-N out of crop rooting zones, denitrification concerns are not great, and when NH3 volatilization concerns exist. The objective of our study was to contrast plant-N derived from fertilizer-15N (15Ndff), fertilizer-15N recovery (F15NR), total N uptake, grain yield, and protein of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from spring-applied NaNO3 relative to urea and urea augmented with urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). We established six fertilizer-N field trials widespread within the state of Montana between 2012 and 2017. The trials incorporated different experimental designs and 15N-labeled fertilizer-N sources, including NaNO3, NH4NO3, urea, and urea + NBPT. Overall, F15NR and 15Ndff in mature crop biomass were significantly greater for NaNO3 than urea or urea + NBPT (P < 0.05). Crop 15Ndff averaged 53.8%, 43.9%, and 44.7% across locations for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Likewise, crop F15NR averaged 52.2%, 35.8%, and 38.6% for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Soil 15N recovered in the surface layer (0–15 cm) was lower for NaNO3 compared with urea and urea + NBPT. Wheat grain yield and protein were generally not sensitive to improvements in 15Ndff, F15NR, or total N uptake. Our study hypothesis that NaNO3 would result in similar or better performance than urea or urea + NBPT was confirmed. Use of NO3-N fertilizer might be an alternative strategy to mitigate fertilizer-N induced soil acidity in semiarid regions of the northern Great Plains.

The recovery of 15N from labelled urea fertilizer in crop components of sugarcane and in soil profiles

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
LS Chapman ◽  
MBC Haysom ◽  
PG Saffigna
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Fertilizer N Uptake ◽  
Trash Conservation

Trash conservation measures associated with burnt and green harvested cane, and minimum tillage, are being adopted by canegrowers. These new management systems pose questions about how to apply N fertilizers. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of fertilizer N uptake by the crop. Urea, labelled with 15N , was either broadcast or buried in three trash management systems: with and without trash after harvesting cane burnt, and with trash after harvesting cane green. The proportion of applied fertilizer-N recovered in a cane crop was 33% when labelled urea was buried, and 18% when broadcast. The presence of trash mulches from burnt or green harvested cane had negligible effects on the uptake of fertilizer-N. Of fertilizer-N applied, 25% was detected in soil 12 months after application, and there was no difference between burying and broadcasting urea. The fate of the lost fertilizer-N was not determined. Leaching did not appear to be a significant loss process in this gleyed podzolic soil, but ammonia volatilization probably occurred when urea was broadcast and it is suspected that denitrification accounted for the majority of the fertilizer-N losses.

scholarly journals Isotopic and Nonisotopic Estimation of Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in Container-grown Woody Ornamentals

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Sandrock ◽  
Timothy L. Righetti ◽  
Anita N. Azarenko
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Total N ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Fertilizer N Uptake

Cornus sericea L., Weigela florida (Bunge) A. DC., and Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb were grown outside in 3.8-L plastic containers for 345 days (1 Apr. 2001 to 11 Mar. 2002). Nitrogen (N) was applied at rates (NAR) of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg·L–1 and delivered as aqueous double-labeled 15N depleted NH4NO3 (min 99.95% atom 14N). In all species, root, shoot, and total plant dry weight increased with increasing NARs while root to shoot ratios decreased. Similarly, root, shoot, and total plant N increased with NAR for each species, and at each NAR more N was stored in the roots than in the shoots. Estimation of fertilizer N uptake determined by the total N method was higher for all species and at each NAR than estimation of N uptake determined by the fertilizer 15N tracer method. Fertilizer N uptake efficiency determined by the total N method was highest at 25 mg·L–1 and decreased as NARs increased. In contrast fertilizer N uptake efficiency determined by the fertilizer 15N tracer method was lowest at 25 mg·L–1 and increased or remained relatively constant as NARs increased. Differences in N uptake and N uptake efficiency can be attributed to overestimation by the total N method due to the inclusion of nonfertilizer N and underestimation by the fertilizer 15N tracer method due to pool substitution. Corrected N uptake efficiency values can be calculated by adjusting the original data (total N or 15N uptake) by the distance between the origin and the y intercept of the regression line representing the data.

scholarly journals Improved Root Growth by Liming Aluminum-Sensitive Rice Cultivar or Cultivating an Aluminum-Tolerant One Does Not Enhance Fertilizer Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency in an Acid Paddy Soil

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Hao Qing Zhang ◽  
Xue Qiang Zhao ◽  
Yi Ling Chen ◽  
Jia Lin Wang ◽  
Ren Fang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
N Recovery Efficiency

The root is the main site of nitrogen (N) acquisition and aluminum (Al) toxicity. The objective of this study is to investigate whether liming and cultivation of an Al-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar can improve root growth, thereby increasing N acquisition by rice plants in acid paddy soil. Two rice cultivars (‘B690’, Al-sensitive, and ‘Yugeng5’, Al-tolerant) were cultivated with 15N-labeled urea, and with or without lime in an acid paddy soil (pH 4.9) in pots. We examined root and shoot growth, soil pH, soil exchangeable Al, N uptake, 15N distribution in plant-soil system, and fertilizer N recovery efficiency. Results showed that liming improved the root growth of ‘B690’ by decreasing soil exchangeable Al concentrations, in both N-limited and N-fertilized soils. Liming enhanced the N uptake of ‘B690’ only in the absence of N fertilizer. The root weight of ‘Yugeng5’ was greater than that of ‘B690’ without lime, but the two cultivars showed similar N uptake. The fertilizer N recovery efficiency and N loss did not differ significantly between limed and non-limed conditions, or between the two rice cultivars. Thus, liming an Al-sensitive rice cultivar and cultivating an Al-tolerant one improves root growth, but does not enhance fertilizer N recovery efficiency in the present acid paddy soil.

Effect of timing of application on the recovery of fertilizer N applied to irrigated soft white wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-513
Author(s):  
J. M. Carefoot ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
J. B. Bole
Keyword(s):  
Difference Method ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
The Difference

The effect of timing of application on the recovery of fertilizer N applied to irrigated soft white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated in a 3-yr field study and a 1-yr lysimeter study using 15N-labelled urea and ammonium nitrate. Fertilizer N treatments consisted of a check and 90 kg ha−1 applied as preplant N, postplant N or combinations. Under a controlled watering regime in the lysimeter experiment, timing of N application had no effect on plant growth parameters. In the field studies, although grain yield was not affected by N timing, grain N concentration increased from 17.9 to 19.6 g kg−1 as the proportion of postplant N was increased from 0 to 100%. Plant N uptake was greater when all of the N was applied postplant than preplant (means = 124.5 and 114.2 kg ha−1, respectively) in the field studies. Plant recovery of fertilizer N (FNR) by the difference method was greater when all of the fertilizer N was applied postplant (43.7%) man preplant (28.6%) in the field experiments. With a negative apparent added N interaction (ANI), the FNR was less by the difference method than by the 15N method. However, with a positive ANI, FNR was less by the 15N method than by the difference method. There was a greater difference between methods as the proportion of N applied as postplant N increased. Key words: Fertilizer N timing, irrigation, soft white wheat, nitrogation, fertilizer N recovery

scholarly journals Growth and Nitrogen Partitioning, Recovery, and Losses in Bermudagrass Receiving Soluble Sources of Labeled 15Nitrogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Picchioni ◽  
Héctor M. Quiroga-Garza
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Source ◽  
Total Plant

Two greenhouse studies were conducted to trace the fate of fertilizer N in hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy `Tifgreen'], and to estimate total plant N recovery and losses. The first experiment was performed during winter, with artificial light supplementing natural light to provide a photoperiod of 13.6 to 13.8 hours. The second experiment was conducted during summer and fall under only natural light conditions, with a progressively decreasing photoperiod of 13.7 to 11.1 hours. Urea (UR), ammonium sulfate (AS), and ammonium nitrate (AN) were labeled at 2 atom% 15N, and applied at N rates of 100 or 200 kg·ha-1 for 84 days (divided into six equal fractions and applied every 14 days). Fertilizer N source did not affect total dry matter (DM) accumulation by the plant components, but the high N rate increased clipping DM production under the longer photoperiod. Under the decreasing photoperiod, overall DM production was reduced, and clipping DM production was unaffected by increased N rate. Average N concentration of clippings varied between N sources, ranging from a high of 38.6 g·kg-1 DM with AS to a low of 34.7 g·kg-1 for UR. In Expt. 1, the greatest total plant N recovery [clippings, verdure (shoot material remaining after mowing), and thatch plus roots] occurred with AS (78.5%) and the lowest with UR (65.9%). In Expt. 2, these values declined to 53.0% and 38.0%, respectively. Urea fertilization resulted in the greatest N losses as a fraction of the N applied (33.6% to 61.5%) and AS fertilization the lowest (20.7% to 46.3%). In view of the greater N losses, UR may be a less suitable soluble N source for bermudagrass fertilization within the conditions of this study. In addition, late-season N fertilization may result in a significant waste of fertilizer N as bermudagrass progresses into autumnal dormancy when temperature, photoperiod, and irradiance decline and cause reduction in growth and N uptake.

scholarly journals NITROGEN RETENTION IN RAPIDLY-GROWING STEERS GIVEN UREA SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
J. O. Akinola
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery

"Shika" (indigenous, V,) and "Ngala" (introduction, V2) varieties of elephant grass (Pennisetum  purpureum Schum.) field planted at 60 x 90, 60 x  60 or 60 x 30 cm spacing and fertilized at 0, 100,  200 or 400kg N/ha/yr, were examined for dry matTer (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) content, CP  yield, nitrogen (N) recovery and stand persistence at  Shika during the 1975 and 1976 growing seasons.  The highest DM yield resulted from 60 x 30 cm  spacing/400kg N combination but the 60 x 60 cm  spacing (27,800 plants/ha) with 200kg N appeared  optimum for yield. V produced 4.3 to 21.0t DM  and V2 2.8 to 17.41 DM/ha/yr over the range of  population densities and fertilizer levels investigated. DM yield per kg N applied rose with increasing population density (V, only) and decreasing  N rate, the highest value of 49kg being recorded for V t. Mean herbage CP content varied from 7.0% without N to 9.7% with 400kg N/ha but the highest value of 11.0% was obtained from V2 planted at 60 x 90cm. For both grasses, N increased annual CP yield 1.2— 4.5—Fold. The highest apparent fertilizer N recovery of 76.3% occurred at 200kg N/ha while plants survived best at 60 x 60cm spacing.

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