Soybean seed composition in cultivars differing in resistance to charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. BELLALOUI ◽  
A. MENGISTU ◽  
R. L. PARIS
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Oleic Acid Concentration ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Moderately Resistant

SUMMARYSeed composition in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] has not been well investigated under charcoal rot infestation under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The objective of the present experiment was to assess seed composition and nitrogen fixation under these conditions. No significant differences in protein levels in the moderately resistant germplasm line DT97-4290 were observed under these conditions. Under irrigation, protein concentration was significantly (P⩽0·05) higher for the susceptible cultivars Egyptian and Pharaoh under non-infested than infested conditions. The opposite response for protein was observed under non-irrigated conditions for Pharaoh. Oleic acid concentration was significantly (P⩽0·001) higher in susceptible cultivars under infested conditions. The concentration of linolenic acid in susceptible cultivars was significantly lower under infested conditions. The enrichment of Delta 15N in susceptible cultivars under infested conditions indicated that nitrogen fixation was substantially inhibited, but soil nitrogen was used for compensating for atmospheric nitrogen inhibition. These results indicate that charcoal rot infection may alter seed composition and nitrogen fixation in soybean. The alteration in seed composition depended on cultivar susceptibility to charcoal rot and irrigation management.

Reaction of Drought-Tolerant Soybean Genotypes to Macrophomina phaseolina

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wrather ◽  
J. G. Shannon ◽  
T. E. Carter ◽  
J. P. Bond ◽  
J. C. Rupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a common disease of many crops including common bean and soybean. Incidence and severity of charcoal rot are enhanced when plants are drought stressed. Resistance to this pathogen in some common bean genotypes was associated with drought tolerance. Resistance to M. phaseolina among soybean genotypes has not been identified, although a few have been rated moderately resistant based on less root tissue colonization by this pathogen compared to other genotypes. A few soybean genotypes have been rated as slow-wilt or drought-tolerant. The reaction of drought-tolerant soybean to M. phaseolina compared to intolerant or drought-sensitive genotypes has not been determined. Our objective was to determine if there were differences in root colonization by M. phaseolina between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean genotypes. Drought tolerance of the soybean genotypes and root colonization by M. phaseolina at the R6 and R8 stages of growth were not related in this study. Some drought-tolerant soybean genotypes may resist root colonization by M. phaseolina, but our results suggest that this is not true for all drought-tolerant genotypes. Accepted for publication 21 March 2008. Published 18 June 2008.

scholarly journals Soybean-Macrophomina phaseolina-Specific Interactions and Identification of a Novel Source of Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Reznikov ◽  
María A. Chiesa ◽  
Esteban M. Pardo ◽  
Vicente De Lisi ◽  
Noelia Bogado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

Charcoal rot, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, is an economically important disease of soybean (Glycine max) worldwide. Objectives of the present research were to (i) study the genetic and pathogenic diversity in a collection of M. phaseolina isolates from Argentina and Paraguay and (ii) develop an improved in vitro phenotyping method to evaluate disease response of soybean genotypes to M. phaseolina isolates. Cluster analysis showed no clear association among simple sequence repeat profiles, year of collection, pathogenicity, and geographical origin of the isolates from Argentina and Paraguay. Subsequently, the response of four soybean genotypes against seven M. phaseolina isolates was evaluated in the field and the results were confirmed using the in vitro assay developed. This assay, which is based on root disease development on soybean seedlings, allowed the detection of a differential level of aggressiveness among the isolates on four soybean genotypes. The results suggest the existence of specific interactions among soybean genotypes and M. phaseolina isolates. In addition, cultivar Munasqa RR showed a superior response against M. phaseolina compared with DT 97-4290 (moderately resistant), thus becoming a novel source of resistance to charcoal rot.

scholarly journals Field Efficacy of Priming Agents to Enhance Physiological Parameters of Sunflower Under Stress From Charcoal Rot (M. Phaseolina)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar ◽  
Misbah Iqbal Iqbal Qamar ◽  
Amer Habib ◽  
Muhammad Fahim Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) can cause significant yield losses in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) throughout the world. Fungicide treatments are often used to manage this pathogen, but due to costs and environmental impacts, alternative methods need to be explored. Priming is an adaptive strategy which enables plant defense systems to react more effectively to pathogen attack. The priming phase in plants can be achieved by stimuli from chemicals, beneficial microbes, arthropods, and abiotic stress which can induce defense systems in plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different priming agents such as salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (AA), gibberellic acid (GA), and jasmonic acid (JA), as either seed or foliar treatments, on charcoal rot on the sunflower. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in two consecutive years (2017-2018). Ten seed of one susceptible (17577) and two moderately resistant (HA-259 and B-224) sunflower cultivars were treated with 2, 4 and 6 mM concentrations of the individual priming agents.. The plants were artificially inoculated with M. phaseolina before sowing by infesting soil, and sixty days after sowing. A number of yield parameters were quantified [head diameter (cm), 100-seed weight (g), achene per head (number), plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), shoot weight (g), root wet and dry weight (g) and chlorophyll content (mg/g)]. Among the priming agents evaluated, AA exhibited a significant impact on all yield parameters at a higher concentration (6 mM) in both susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, followed by SA, GA, and JA. The results also revealed that seed treatment priming was more effective than foliar priming. There were statistical differences in yield parameters between both years of the study. The AA seed priming treatment showed the most promise for managing charcoal rot of sunflower. The outcome of this study will help to explore an environmentally sound and economically feasible approach for the management of charcoal rot to get sustainability in edible oil production.

scholarly journals Identification of Soybean Genotypes Resistant to Charcoal Rot by Seed Inoculation With Macrophomina phaseolina

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Mayra S. Ishikawa ◽  
Neucimara R. Ribeiro ◽  
Adriély A. de Almeida ◽  
Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Survival Capacity ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Soybean charcoal rot is a widespread root disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, a natural soil inhabitant that has great pathogenic variability and high survival capacity under adverse conditions. There are no registered fungicides or genotypes genetically resistant to this disease, although differences in susceptibility have been observed. As the fungus is a seed-borne pathogen, screening methods based on seed inoculation are quick and efficient. The objective of this work was to assess the efficiency of soybean seed infestation by incubation for 48 h with colonies of M. phaseolina, comparing two germination environment methods (germination paper or in pots with substrate), and to correlate the relative germination of genotypes of both methods with the severity of charcoal rot observed in a field test. The results showed that 48 h were sufficient to infest seeds and reduce the germination. The germination in paper was higher at 5 days after sowing (DAS) than that in pots at 8 DAS in a greenhouse. Both environments exhibited a highly negative correlation between seed germination and field disease severity (r = -0.775 in germination paper and r = -0.779 in pots with substrate). It is recommended that the germination test be performed in germination paper due to practicality and economy of space, material, and labor besides the better control of the environment.

Identification of Soybean Accessions Resistant to Macrophomina phaseolina by Field Screening and Laboratory Validation

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Prakash Arelli ◽  
Jason Bond ◽  
Randall Nelson ◽  
John Rupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Charcoal rot of soybean, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich, has been a problem for soybean farmers in the United States for many years. However, recently its incidence and severity has increased in midwestern and north-central states. Most management strategies, including chemical and biological methods and other cultural options, have been ineffective in controlling this disease. Furthermore, soybean is often planted every other year or in monoculture. Although genetic resistance would be the most sustainable control strategy, resistant commercial soybean cultivars are presently unavailable. The objective of this test was to identify resistant accessions from the USDA soybean germplasm collection in Maturity Groups (MG) 00 to VII by field screening in five environments. A total of 628 accessions were evaluated using established methods for reaction to this disease in Missouri and Illinois (2008 to 2009), and in Tennessee (2009). In 2010, accessions with disease severity reactions of 1 to ≤ 2 were selected for further evaluation in Tennessee. Among the 45 accessions identified as resistant and moderately resistant (1 to ≤ 2), ten were further assessed using colony forming units recovered from ground root and stem tissues which was then converted to colony forming unit index (CFUI) and validated their resistance using this bioassay. All ten had CFUI levels ranging from 0 to 18.2, which were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the moderately resistant accession, DT97-4290, with 31.8. Four selected accessions, PI594302 (MG VII), PI567562A (MG IV), PI506764 (MG VII), and PI567334 (MG VI), had significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) CFUI of 0, 0.8, 0.8, and 1.5, respectively. This is the first report of soybean accessions with better levels of resistance than the standard released germplasm, DT97-4290. These accessions can serve as additional sources of charcoal rot resistance in future breeding programs. Accepted for publication 20 January 2013. Published 18 March 2013.

scholarly journals Effects of Charcoal Rot on Soybean Seed Composition in Soybean Genotypes That Differ in Charcoal Rot Resistance under Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
James R. Smith ◽  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
Cesare Accinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Charcoal rot is a major disease of soybean (Glycine max) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and results in significant loss in yield and seed quality. The effects of charcoal rot on seed composition (seed protein, oil, and fatty acids), a component of seed quality, is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the impact of charcoal rot on seed protein, oil, and fatty acids in different soybean genotypes differing in their charcoal rot susceptibility under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Two field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Jackson, TN, USA. Thirteen genotypes differing in charcoal rot resistance (moderately resistant and susceptible) were evaluated. Under non-irrigated conditions, moderately resistant genotypes showed either no change or increased protein and oleic acid but had lower linolenic acid. Under non-irrigated conditions, most of the susceptible genotypes showed lower protein and linolenic acid but higher oleic acid. Most of the moderately resistant genotypes had higher protein than susceptible genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions but lower oil than susceptible genotypes. The different responses among genotypes for protein, oil, oleic acid, and linolenic acid observed in each year may be due to both genotype tolerance to drought and environmental conditions, especially heat differences in each year (2012 was warmer than 2013). This research showed that the increases in protein and oleic acid and the decrease in linolenic acid may be a possible physiological mechanism underlying the plant’s responses to the charcoal rot infection. This research further helps scientists understand the impact of irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on seed nutrition changes, using resistant and susceptible genotypes.

scholarly journals Sources of Inoculum and Survival of Macrophomina phaseolina in Florida Strawberry Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2417-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana S. Baggio ◽  
Leandro G. Cordova ◽  
Natalia A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot, affects strawberry crowns, inducing plant collapse. The fungus survives in the soil through the production of microsclerotia and is usually controlled by preplant fumigation of soil. However, in the 2016 to 2017 Florida strawberry season, even after soil fumigation, about 30% plant mortality still occurred in plastic-covered beds that were used for a second season and where crop residue (mainly old strawberry crowns) was disposed of between beds. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if M. phaseolina can survive on strawberry debris over summer in Florida and if so, verify whether strawberry debris might act as a source of inoculum for new transplants. Crowns from the previous season were collected from commercial farms where charcoal rot had been reported, and M. phaseolina was recovered from all samples. In a research field, infected crowns were buried in the soil at different depths and retrieved every 2 weeks during the summer. After 8 weeks, M. phaseolina could be recovered at all depths. Moreover, inoculation of strawberry plants by drenching the soil, dipping roots, or spraying leaves with a M. phaseolina microsclerotial suspension from pure cultures or infected crowns produced symptoms with differences in incubation periods depending on cultivar susceptibility. Furthermore, infected crowns disposed of in the aisles between beds or buried next to new transplants of cultivars Strawberry Festival, Florida Beauty, and Winterstar induced charcoal rot, with the level of aggressiveness depending on the cultivar susceptibility and inoculum placement in the field.

Evaluation of Soybean Genotypes for Resistance to Charcoal Rot

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
P. A. Arelli ◽  
J. P. Bond ◽  
G. J. Shannon ◽  
A. J. Wrather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, significantly reduces yield in soybean more than most other diseases in the midsouthern United States. There are no commercial genotypes marketed as resistant to charcoal rot. Reactions of 27 maturity group (MG) III, 29 Early MG IV, 34 Late MG IV, and 59 MG V genotypes were evaluated for M. phaseolina between 2006 and 2008 in a non-irrigated, no-till field that had been artificially infested for three years. There was significant variation in root colonization among genotypes and years, indicating the value of screening genotypes over multiple years. Based on CFUI there was no genotype that was consistently immune to charcoal rot each year. However, there were a total of six genotypes (one genotype in MG III, one in Late MG IV, and four in MG V) that were identified as moderately resistant. Some of the commercial and public genotypes were resistant to M. phaseolina at levels equal to or greater than the standard DT97-4290, a moderately resistant cultivar. The genotypes identified as having moderate resistance across the three years could be useful as sources for developing resistant soybean genotypes. Accepted for publication 27 July 2011. Published 26 September 2011.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance and morphological parameters of different sunflower cultivars against charcoal rot

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan ◽  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed ◽  
Maryam Yousaf ◽  
Atta-ur-Rehman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Better Than

Charcoal rot is one of the major threats to sunflower which causes complete crop loss in epidemic conditions. The genetic resistance of sunflower germplasm could be more economical and durable approach for the management of charcoal rot. In the current experiment, six genotypes obtained from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad were evaluated for their resistance and morphological parameters against Macrophomina phaseolina. Under field conditions, none of the cultivars gave immune or resistant response against the disease. FH-337 was found to be susceptible with 54.87% infection while FH-331, FH-106 and Hycanth-33 appeared moderately susceptible with 25-49% infections. The least affected varieties were FH-259 and DK-40 with moderately resistant status in the range of 10-24%. Yield parameters of resistant varieties were better than susceptible ones when compared under inoculated conditions. Moderately resistant genotypes might have the better genetic makeup and could be selected in breeding programs to find out resistant sunflower germplasm to fulfill the needs of growing population. Moreover, these cultivars could be used for better yield of sunflower.

scholarly journals Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Cesare Accinelli ◽  
James R. Smith ◽  
W. Thomas Shier
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document