Phenotypic plasticity of yield and related traits in rainfed durum wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Breeding Lines

SUMMARYRainfall and temperature are unpredictable in Mediterranean environments, which results in inconsistent environmental conditions for crop growth and a critical source of uncertainty for farmers and growers. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) quantify and compare the plasticity of durum breeding lines, a modern cultivar and landraces on the basis of yield and agronomic traits and (ii) study associations between plasticity of yield and plasticity of agronomic and phenological traits. Plasticity was quantified using linear models for 11 durum breeding lines, one modern cultivar and two landraces grown in 21 diversified environments. The results showed that the effects due to environment, genotype and genotype×environment (G×E) interaction were significant, which indicates the existence of differences among genotypes for plasticity. Yield ranged from 1939 to 2419 kg/ha across environments and the range of plasticity was 0·66–1·13. The breeding lines and the modern cultivar had higher grain yields compared with the landraces at the same level of plasticity. The landraces with below-average plasticity in yield were characterized as tall in stature and late in heading and maturity, whereas the breeding lines and modern cultivar with above-average plasticity in yield were early in heading and maturity, semi-dwarf and high-yielding, which indicates the success in breeding the materials for unpredictable environmental conditions. In conclusion, yield plasticity was associated with yield improvement and high yield plasticity tends to associate with earliness, shorter plants and low grain weight.

scholarly journals Two novel QTLs for harvest index contribute to high yield production in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Y. Fukuta ◽  
Mitsuhiro Obara ◽  
Asami Tomita ◽  
Tsutomu Ishimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Panicle Weight

Abstract Background: Harvest index (HI) is a measure of the biological success of forming harvestable products. However, our understanding of the genetic basis of HI in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is limited, because it is a complex trait consisting of various yield-related traits and physiological attributes. YTH183 is a high yielding line with large panicles and high HI derived from a cross between the Indica Group variety IR 64 and the NPT line IR 69093-41-2-3-2 (YP5).Results: Here, we detected two novel QTLs for HI, designated qHI5.1 on chromosome 5 and qHI8.1 on chromosome 8. The YTH183 allele at qHI5.1 contributed to wide grain, resulting in heavy grain weight and panicle weight, and was consistently effective under the different environmental conditions of subtropical (Ishigaki) and temperate (Tsukuba) regions. Genetic polymorphism revealed that qHI5.1 was identical to GSE5/GW5, which is known to control the grain weight. On the other hand, although qHI8.1 functioned additively with qHI5.1 for higher HI, it did not show any significant effect on grain or panicle weight. In addition, its effects on HI were shown only in the first seasons at Ishigaki but not at Tsukuba or in the second season at Ishigaki. Conclusion: Our results indicate that qHI5.1 controls the grain size, regardless of whether environmental conditions are of subtropical or temperate regions, while qHI8.1 might be involved in controlling the physiological processes of source ability or the translocation of photosynthesis products from vegetative organs to grains depending on environmental conditions during the maturing stage. These QTLs will be useful genetic resources for future breeding programs to break through the ceiling of maximum yield in Indica Group varieties.

scholarly journals Blue Mood for Superfood

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Taulavuori ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Valtteri Hyöky ◽  
Erja Taulavuori
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time

The term superfood refers to food with high levels of either nutrient or bioactive phytochemicals with human health benefits. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds in plants that provide their color, flavor and odor. Phenolic compounds form the major constituents of phytochemicals. Plant traits in phytochemical production are tightly bound with the genome while modified markedly by the environmental conditions. Here, we studied the effect of supplemented blue light on the production of several phenolics in the leaves of tomato, basil and parsley, which are widely cultivated food plant species. The results indicated doubled or higher increases in the accumulation of several species-specific phenolic acids or flavonoids. In conclusion, we showed for the first time, that supplemented blue light results in high yield improvement of phytochemicals related to superfood products.

scholarly journals THE USE OF AMMI MODEL FOR INTERPRETING GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN DURUM WHEAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
REZA MOHAMMADI ◽  
MOHAMMAD ARMION ◽  
ESMAEIL ZADHASAN ◽  
MALEK MASOUD AHMADI ◽  
AHMED AMRI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Ammi Model

SUMMARYDurum wheat (Triticum durum) is one of the most important cereal crops in the Mediterranean region; however, its cultivation suffers from low yield due to environmental constrains. The main objectives of this study were to (i) assess genotype × environment (GE) interaction for grain yield in rainfed durum wheat and to (ii) analyse the relationships of GE interaction with genotypic/meteorological variables by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. Grain yield and some related traits were evaluated in 25 durum wheat genotypes (landrace, breeding line, old and new varieties) in 12 rainfed environments differing in winter air temperature. The AMMI analysis of variance indicated that the environment had highest contribution (84.3% of total variation) to the variation in grain yield. The first interaction principal component axis (IPCA1) explained 77.5% of GE interaction sum of squares (SS), and its effect was 5.5 times greater than the genotype effect, indicating that the IPCA1 contributed remarkably to the total GE interaction. Large GE interaction for grain yield was detected, indicating specific adaptation of genotypes. While the postdictive success method indicated AMMI-4 as the best model, the predictive success one suggested AMMI-1. The AMMI biplot analysis confirmed a rank change interaction among the locations, indicating the presence of strong and unpredictable rank-change location-by-year interactions for locations. In contrast to landraces and old varieties, the breeding lines with high yield performance had high phenotypic plasticity under varying environmental conditions. Results indicated that the GE interaction was associated with the interaction of heading date, plant height, rainfall, air temperature and freezing days.

scholarly journals Behavior of Spanish durum wheat genotypes against Zymoseptoria tritici: resistance and susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e1002-e1002
Author(s):  
Rafael Porras ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Growth Chambers

Aim of study: Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide, affecting both bread and durum wheat. The lack of knowledge about the interaction of durum wheat with Z. tritici, together with limited resources of resistant durum wheat material, have both led to a rising threat for durum wheat cultivation, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin. In Spain, STB has increased its incidence in the last few years, leading to higher costs of fungicide applications to control the disease. Therefore, identification of new sources of resistance through wheat breeding stands out as an efficient method of facing STB. Area of study: The experimental study was conducted in growth chambers at the IFAPA facilities in Córdoba (Spain). Material and methods: The percentage of necrotic leaf area, the disease severity, and the pycnidium development through image analysis were evaluated from 48 durum wheat Spanish accessions (breeding lines and commercial cultivars) in growth chambers against an isolate of Z. tritici from Córdoba. Main results: Two breeding lines and six commercial cultivars showed resistant responses by limiting STB development through the leaf or its reproduction ability, while the other 40 accessions presented a susceptible response. Research highlights: Provided these resources of resistance in Spanish durum wheat genotypes, future breeding programs could be developed, incorporating both agronomic traits and resistance to STB.

scholarly journals Molecular Cytogenetic and Agronomic Characterization of the Similarities and Differences Between Wheat–Leymus mollis Trin. and Wheat–Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng 3Ns (3D) Substitution Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiachuang Li ◽  
Jiaojiao Li ◽  
Xueni Cheng ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Zujun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Psathyrostachys Huashanica ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Leymus Mollis

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) and Leymus mollis Trin. (2n = 4x = 28, NsNsXmXm) are valuable resources for wheat breeding improvement as they share the Ns genome, which contains diverse resistance genes. To explore the behaviors and traits of Ns chromosomes from the two species in wheat background, a series of wheat–P. huashanica and wheat–L. mollis substitution lines were developed. In the present study, line DH109 (F7 progeny of wheat–P. huashanica heptaploid line H8911 × durum wheat Trs-372) and line DM131 (F8 progeny of wheat–L. mollis octoploid line M842 × durum wheat Trs-372) were selected. Cytological observation combined with genomic in situ hybridization experiments showed that DH109 and DM131 each had 20 pairs of wheat chromosomes plus a pair of alien chromosomes (Ns chromosome), and the pair of alien chromosomes showed stable inheritance. Multiple molecular markers and wheat 55K SNP array demonstrated that a pair of wheat 3D chromosome in DH109 and in DM131 was substituted by a pair of P. huashanica 3Ns chromosome and a pair of L. mollis 3Ns chromosome, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed that wheat 3D chromosomes were absent from DH109 and DM131, and chromosomal FISH karyotypes of wheat 3D, P. huashanica 3Ns, and L. mollis 3Ns were different. Moreover, the two lines had many differences in agronomic traits. Comparing with their wheat parents, DH109 expressed superior resistance to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight, whereas DM131 had powdery mildew resistance, longer spike, and more tiller number. Therefore, Ns genome from P. huashanica and L. mollis might have some different effects. The two novel wheat–alien substitution lines provide new ideas and resources for disease resistance and high-yield breeding on further utilization of 3Ns chromosomes of P. huashanica or L. mollis.

scholarly journals Two novel QTLs for harvest index contribute to high yield production in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Y. Fukuta ◽  
Mitsuhiro Obara ◽  
Asami Tomita ◽  
Tsutomu Ishimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Panicle Weight

Abstract Background Harvest index (HI) is a measure of the biological success of forming harvestable products. However, our understanding of the genetic basis of HI in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is limited, because it is a complex trait consisting of various yield-related traits and physiological attributes. YTH183 is a high yielding line with large panicles and high HI derived from a cross between the Indica Group variety IR 64 and the NPT line IR 69093-41-2-3-2 (YP5).Results Here, we detected two novel QTLs for HI, designated qHI5.1 on chromosome 5 and qHI8.1 on chromosome 8 by using 155 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between IR 64 and YTH183. The YTH183 allele at qHI5.1 contributed to wide grain, resulting in heavy grain weight and panicle weight, and was consistently effective under the different environmental conditions of subtropical (Ishigaki) and temperate (Tsukuba) regions. Genetic polymorphism revealed that qHI5.1 was identical to GSE5/GW5, which is known to control the grain weight. On the other hand, although qHI8.1 functioned additively with qHI5.1 for higher HI, it did not show any significant effect on grain or panicle weight. In addition, its effects on HI were shown only in the first seasons at Ishigaki but not at Tsukuba or in the second season at Ishigaki. Conclusion Our results indicate that qHI5.1 controls the grain size, regardless of whether environmental conditions are of subtropical or temperate regions, while qHI8.1 might be involved in controlling the physiological processes of source ability or the translocation of photosynthesis products from vegetative organs to grains depending on environmental conditions during the maturing stage. These QTLs will be useful genetic resources for future breeding programs to break through the ceiling of maximum yield in Indica Group varieties.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE DURUM VARIETIES (TRITICUM DURUM) ON THE ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PLASTICITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
M. N. Kiryakova ◽  
M. G. Evdokimov ◽  
V. S. Yusov ◽  
D. A. Glushakov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Wheat Varieties

In Western Siberia, during the laboratory studies of the durum wheat breeding in the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center in 2015-2018 the productivity of durum wheat varieties from the nursery of ecological variety testing was studied. Scientific data on the elements of the crop structure are presented, depending on the agrometeorological conditions of the growing season. Years of research in Omsk were quite contrasting in terms of temperature and moisture supply. Durum wheat productivity was estimated by ripeness groups and correlative interconnections were revealed by productivity elements. The conditions of the growing season significantly affected the productivity of durum wheat. The productive bushiness varied slightly from year to year during the research. The density of the stalk has increased to two productive stems in some species in 2018. There was also found an increase in the spike content of the spike up to 30 pcs in 2018. A correlation between the number of grains in an ear and the grain weight of the main ear was established. A reliable interconnection between productivity and the grain mass of the main ear was observed. The grain weight of the main spike varied between 1.1-1.6 g. Oazis and Omsk emerald were distinguished by all productivity indicators. It was found that most of the studied species formed a high yield in 2018 and the lowest in 2016 with a lack of moisture during harvest. In the course of research, the most productive and plastic species were identified by a number of characteristics. The Omsk emerald species has a high productivity potential and it is resistant to sharp weather  conditions. The calculation of ecological plasticity showed that the species Pamyati Chekhovich and Oasis are most responsive to changing growing conditions, but more demanding on agricultural technology. For cultivation in Omsk region farms the species Omsk Amber, Omsk Steppe, and Pearl of Siberia can be recommended.

scholarly journals Two Novel QTLs for the Harvest Index that Contribute to High-Yield Production in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Yoshimichi Fukuta ◽  
Mitsuhiro Obara ◽  
Asami Tomita ◽  
Tsutomu Ishimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Panicle Weight

Abstract Background The harvest index (HI) is a measure of the biological success of forming harvestable products. However, our understanding of the genetic basis of HI in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is limited, because it is a complex trait consisting of various yield-related traits and physiological attributes. YTH183 is a high-yielding line with large panicles and high HI derived from a cross between the Indica Group variety IR 64 and the NPT line IR 69093-41-2-3-2 (YP5). Results Here, we detected two novel QTLs for HI, designated qHI5.1 on chromosome 5 and qHI8.1 on chromosome 8, by using 155 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between IR 64 and YTH183. The YTH183 allele at qHI5.1 contributed to a wide grain, resulting in heavy grain weight and panicle weight, and was consistently effective under the different environmental conditions of subtropical (Ishigaki) and temperate (Tsukuba) regions. Genetic polymorphism revealed that qHI5.1 was identical to GSE5/GW5, which is known to control the grain weight. On the other hand, although qHI8.1 functioned additively with qHI5.1 for higher HI, it did not show any significant effect on grain or panicle weight. In addition, its effects on HI were shown only in the first seasons at Ishigaki but not at Tsukuba or in the second season at Ishigaki. Conclusion Our results indicate that qHI5.1 controls the grain size, regardless of whether environmental conditions are of subtropical or temperate regions, while qHI8.1 might be involved in controlling the physiological processes of source ability or the translocation of photosynthesis products from vegetative organs to grains depending on environmental conditions during the maturing stage. These QTLs will be useful genetic resources for future breeding programs to break through the ceiling of maximum yield in Indica Group varieties.

scholarly journals Adaptability parameters of the winter durum wheat varieties of various ecology in the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Tatiyana Makarova ◽  
Nina Samofalova ◽  
Nina Ilichkina ◽  
Olga Dubinina ◽  
Aleksey Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Adaptability Parameters

There have been generalized the study results of the parameters of ecological adaptability of winter durum wheat and there have been identified the most adaptive varieties of different ecology under unstable climatic conditions of the Rostov region. There was conducted the analysis of 34 varieties of domestic and foreign breeding, which have been recommended for cultivation in different climatic zones. During the current study there have been identified the groups of winter durum wheat varieties that were different in their ecological adaptability parameters. The first group included 11 highly responsive varieties recommended for cultivation on an intensive background, namely ‘Alyy parus’, ‘Kontinent’, ‘Laguna’, ‘Kassiopeya’, ‘Akveduk’ (Ukraine), ‘Prikumskaya 142’, ‘Eyrena’, ‘Kiprida’, ‘Terra’, ‘Oniks’, ‘Kurant’ (Russia). To obtain the largest average productivity there have been recommended to cultivate the following 11 varieties on the average agricultural background, namely ‘Aksinit’, ‘Amazonka’, ‘Kermen’, ‘Uniya’, ‘Diona’, ‘Yakhont’, ‘Yubilyarka’, ‘Belgorodskaya yantarnaya’ (Russia), ‘Zolotoye runo’, ‘Gardemarin’, ‘Andromeda’ (Ukraine), since these varieties were good adapted to various environmental conditions. The varieties ‘Agat donskoy’,‘Zolotko’,‘Krupinka’, ‘Laska’, ‘Lazurit’, ‘Krucha’, ‘Stepnoy yantar’ (Russia), ‘Burshtin’, ‘Dnepryana’, ‘Perlina odesskaya’ and ‘Shulyndinka’ (Ukraine) -to cultivate on a reduced agrofone, where they will give a fairly high yield from 8.45 to 9.67 t / ha.

Characterization of tetraploid wheat landraces for cold tolerance and agronomic traits under rainfed conditions of Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MOHAMMADI ◽  
A. AMRI ◽  
H. AHMADI ◽  
J. JAFARZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

SUMMARYAbiotic stresses such as cold and drought are major limiting factors of durum wheat production in the highlands of Iran. A total of 641 tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) accessions, selected from wheat collections conserved at ICARDA gene-bank, were evaluated under rainfed conditions at three highland research stations in cold and moderately cold areas of Iran. The main objectives were to (i) compare the different tetraploid wheats for cold tolerance and agronomic performance in relation to their growth habit (spring, facultative and winter) and (ii) examine the potential of accessions to combine cold and drought tolerance with high yield and good agronomic traits, for their further use in durum wheat breeding. Plant height, thousand-kernel weight and grain yield were the traits that best differentiated the accessions. The winter types had better agronomic performance, higher chlorophyll content (SPAD) and cold tolerance, compared to facultative and spring types. Most of the cold-tolerant accessions belonged to T. turgidum subsp. durum and T. turgidum subsp. carthalicum. Some of the accessions combined high yield with the level of cold and drought tolerance that is needed for the development of cultivars adapted to the highlands of Iran. The results indicated that related species could be used to improve winter hardness and cold tolerance in durum wheat and selection for earliness, high chlorophyll content and grain yield may lead to better cold tolerance and adaptation to the highland areas of Iran.

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