COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE DURUM VARIETIES (TRITICUM DURUM) ON THE ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PLASTICITY

In Western Siberia, during the laboratory studies of the durum wheat breeding in the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center in 2015-2018 the productivity of durum wheat varieties from the nursery of ecological variety testing was studied. Scientific data on the elements of the crop structure are presented, depending on the agrometeorological conditions of the growing season. Years of research in Omsk were quite contrasting in terms of temperature and moisture supply. Durum wheat productivity was estimated by ripeness groups and correlative interconnections were revealed by productivity elements. The conditions of the growing season significantly affected the productivity of durum wheat. The productive bushiness varied slightly from year to year during the research. The density of the stalk has increased to two productive stems in some species in 2018. There was also found an increase in the spike content of the spike up to 30 pcs in 2018. A correlation between the number of grains in an ear and the grain weight of the main ear was established. A reliable interconnection between productivity and the grain mass of the main ear was observed. The grain weight of the main spike varied between 1.1-1.6 g. Oazis and Omsk emerald were distinguished by all productivity indicators. It was found that most of the studied species formed a high yield in 2018 and the lowest in 2016 with a lack of moisture during harvest. In the course of research, the most productive and plastic species were identified by a number of characteristics. The Omsk emerald species has a high productivity potential and it is resistant to sharp weather conditions. The calculation of ecological plasticity showed that the species Pamyati Chekhovich and Oasis are most responsive to changing growing conditions, but more demanding on agricultural technology. For cultivation in Omsk region farms the species Omsk Amber, Omsk Steppe, and Pearl of Siberia can be recommended.

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SOURCES OF HIGH-QUALITY GRAIN IN WINTER COMMON WHEAT BREEDING

TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES ◽

10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-164-171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (27) ◽

pp. 164-171

Author(s):

N.I. Sokolenko ◽

◽

N.A. Galushko ◽

N.M. Komarov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

High Yield ◽

North Caucasus ◽

High Quality ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

The North ◽

Gluten Content

Research on improving winter common wheat varieties in the context of combining high yield and grain quality is relevant. The research aimed to evaluate and select variety samples of winter common wheat with high technological indicators of grain quality for breeding purposes. In this study, we analyzed grain from 10 variety samples of the world collection; winter wheat grain of variety ‘Aivina’ served as a standard. Soil – ordinary medium-loamy medium-thick low-humus chernozem. Wheat was grown on the experimental fields of the North Caucasus FARC in the zone with unstable moistening on bare fallow. Grain vitreousness percentage in 2019 ranged between 44.0 and 53.0 %, in 2020 – 30.5–50.0 %. In the same years, this indicator for variety-standard ‘Aivina’ was 56.0 and 48.0 %, respectively. The gluten content in the grain depended on the weather conditions and genotype. Grain of all varieties harvested in 2019, including standard ‘Aivina’, had a high gluten content (28.2–35.6 %) and corresponded to strong wheat. In 2020, the situation was absolutely different. The amount of gluten in the grain of variety samples harvested in 2020 ranged between 22.9 and 34.6 %; for ‘Aivina’, this indicator reached 26.9 %. The gluten quality in all variety samples during the years of research was typical for class 2. The variety samples were characterized by a high protein content in the grain – 16.7–20.8 % and 13.5–20.4 %; the same indicator for ‘Aivina’ was 16.7 and 15.8 %. Sedimentation rate in the variety samples was 50–81 ml and 34–64 ml; in ‘Aivina’ – 50 and 43 ml. Maximum sedimentation values were noted for the variety ‘Prestizh’. It indicates the ability to form grain, the strength of which is typical for wheat-improver. The correlation between sedimentation and gluten content (r = 0.63), as well as between sedimentation and the falling number (r = 0.73), was positive and significant during the years of research. All studied genotypes are promising for breeding new wheat varieties as sources for obtaining high-quality grain.

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Morphological and Physiological Root Traits and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake in Wheat Varieties Released from 1915 to 2013

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1149

Author(s):

Guglielmo Puccio ◽

Rosolino Ingraffia ◽

Dario Giambalvo ◽

Gaetano Amato ◽

Alfonso S. Frenda

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Root System ◽

N Uptake ◽

Specific Root Length ◽

Root Traits ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

N Availability ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Uptake Efficiency ◽

Positive Effects

Identifying genotypes with a greater ability to absorb nitrogen (N) may be important to reducing N loss in the environment and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study extends the knowledge of variability among wheat genotypes in terms of morphological or physiological root traits, N uptake under conditions of low soil N availability, and in the amount and rapidity of the use of N supplied with fertilizer. Nine genotypes of durum wheat were chosen for their different morpho-phenological characteristics and year of their release. The isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiency. The results show that durum wheat breeding did not have univocal effects on the characteristics of the root system (weight, length, specific root length, etc.) or N uptake capacity. The differences in N uptake among the studied genotypes when grown in conditions of low N availability appear to be related more to differences in uptake efficiency per unit of weight and length of the root system than to differences in the morphological root traits. The differences among the genotypes in the speed and the ability to take advantage of the greater N availability, determined by N fertilization, appear to a certain extent to be related to the development of the root system and the photosynthesizing area. This study highlights some variability within the species in terms of the development, distribution, and efficiency of the root system, which suggests that there may be sufficient grounds for improving these traits with positive effects in terms of adaptability to difficult environments and resilience to climate change.

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Unravelling the hidden inter and intra-varietal diversity of durum wheat commercial varieties used in Portugal

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262119000133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (04) ◽

pp. 386-389

Author(s):

Miguel Bento ◽

Sónia Gomes Pereira ◽

Wanda Viegas ◽

Manuela Silva

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Repetitive Sequences ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

Varietal Diversity ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Coding Sequences ◽

Coding Regions ◽

High Level

AbstractAssessing durum wheat genomic diversity is crucial in a changing environmental particularly in the Mediterranean region where it is largely used to produce pasta. Durum wheat varieties cultivated in Portugal and previously assessed regarding thermotolerance ability were screened for the variability of coding sequences associated with technological traits and repetitive sequences. As expected, reduced variability was observed regarding low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) but a specific LMW-GS allelic form associated with improved pasta-making characteristics was absent in one variety. Contrastingly, molecular markers targeting repetitive elements like microsatellites and retrotransposons – Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Inter Retrotransposons Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) – disclosed significant inter and intra-varietal diversity. This high level of polymorphism was revealed by the 20 distinct ISSR/IRAP concatenated profiles observed among the 23 individuals analysed. Interestingly, median joining networks and PCoA analysis grouped individuals of the same variety and clustered varieties accordingly with geographical origin. Globally, this work demonstrates that durum wheat breeding strategies induced selection pressure for some relevant coding sequences while maintaining high levels of genomic variability in non-coding regions enriched in repetitive sequences.

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Phenotypic plasticity of yield and related traits in rainfed durum wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859613000580 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 152 (6) ◽

pp. 873-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. MOHAMMADI

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Linear Models ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Grain Weight ◽

High Yield ◽

Yield Improvement ◽

Modern Cultivar ◽

Breeding Lines

SUMMARYRainfall and temperature are unpredictable in Mediterranean environments, which results in inconsistent environmental conditions for crop growth and a critical source of uncertainty for farmers and growers. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) quantify and compare the plasticity of durum breeding lines, a modern cultivar and landraces on the basis of yield and agronomic traits and (ii) study associations between plasticity of yield and plasticity of agronomic and phenological traits. Plasticity was quantified using linear models for 11 durum breeding lines, one modern cultivar and two landraces grown in 21 diversified environments. The results showed that the effects due to environment, genotype and genotype×environment (G×E) interaction were significant, which indicates the existence of differences among genotypes for plasticity. Yield ranged from 1939 to 2419 kg/ha across environments and the range of plasticity was 0·66–1·13. The breeding lines and the modern cultivar had higher grain yields compared with the landraces at the same level of plasticity. The landraces with below-average plasticity in yield were characterized as tall in stature and late in heading and maturity, whereas the breeding lines and modern cultivar with above-average plasticity in yield were early in heading and maturity, semi-dwarf and high-yielding, which indicates the success in breeding the materials for unpredictable environmental conditions. In conclusion, yield plasticity was associated with yield improvement and high yield plasticity tends to associate with earliness, shorter plants and low grain weight.

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Proteins and Metabolites as Indicators of Flours Quality and Nutritional Properties of Two Durum Wheat Varieties Grown in Different Italian Locations

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9030315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Sara Graziano ◽

Nelson Marmiroli ◽

Giovanna Visioli ◽

Mariolina Gullì

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Starch Content ◽

Grain Filling ◽

High Yield ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Italian Regions ◽

Major Producer ◽

The Impact

Durum wheat is an important food source in Mediterranean countries, and Italy is the major producer of durum wheat in Europe. The quality of durum wheat flours depends on the type and amount of gluten proteins and starch while flour nutritional value rests on metabolite contents such as polyphenols. In this work, two Italian cultivars, Iride and Svevo, were analyzed for two years (2016–2017) in four Italian regions to explore how the environment affects: (i) reserve proteome; (ii) starch content and composition; and (iii) free, conjugated, bound phenolics and antioxidant capacity. The impact of environmental and meteorological conditions was significant for many traits. Regardless of the cultivation site, in 2017, a year with less rainfall and a higher temperature during grain filling, there was an increase in low molecular weight glutenins, in the glutenin/gliadin ratio and in the A-type starch granules size, all parameters of higher technological quality. In the same year, the cultivars showed higher amounts of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the two wheat cultivars, selected for their medium to high yield and their good quality, had higher performances in 2017 regardless of their sowing locations.

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Enhancement of dwarf wheat germplasm with high-yield potential derived from induced mutagenesis

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262116000459 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hongchun Xiong ◽

Huijun Guo ◽

Yongdun Xie ◽

Linshu Zhao ◽

Jiayu Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Dwarfing Genes ◽

Biosynthetic Genes ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

1000 Grain Weight

AbstractThe dwarfing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding has promoted a dramatic increase in yields. Since the utilized dwarfing genes in wheat are very limited, identification of novel dwarfing genes is necessary for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, more than 300 dwarfing wheat lines from induced mutation were screened by kompetitive allele-specific PCR and gibberellin (GA) treatment. The 17.49% of Rht-D1b and 1.37% of Rht-B1b dwarfing mutants were identified in this mutant group. Additionally, Rht-D1b mutants showed more effective in reduction of plant height and higher 1000-grain weight comparing with that of Rht-B1b mutants. By combing with comparison of yield components and expression profile of GA biosynthetic genes with wild-type, the GA-responsive mutant dm15 without directly involvement in GA metabolism, significantly increased 1000-grain weight but no change of other yield components in two locations of field experiments. Meanwhile, another elite mutant dm11 with change of GA biosynthetic genes expression was also identified. These mutants will be promising candidates for dwarfing wheat breeding.

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Selection value of new spring triticale varieties

Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture ◽

10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-7-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (98) ◽

pp. 7-20

Author(s):

V. V. Liubych ◽

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Growing Season ◽

Soft Wheat ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Spring Triticale ◽

Sowing Period ◽

Very High

Aim. To study the selection value of new spring triticale varieties according to the main economic and valuable properties (duration of the growing season, plant height, lodging resistance, resistance to diseases, tillering coefficient, grain weight from one ear, grain yield). Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physical. Results. The duration of the growing season of spring triticale was longer compared to wheat. Thus, it was the longest in 2015–122 days, in 2014–112, and in 2013–102 days or 3–9 days more compared to wheat, except for 2014 in which the duration of the growing season of spring wheat was 117 days. This figure did not change depending on the variety of spring triticale over the years of research. The shorter growing season of spring triticale in 2013 was apparently due to the later sowing period. On average, over three years of research, the height of spring triticale plants varied from 99 to 105 cm depending on the variety. Triticale spring exceeded soft spring wheat by 2–8 %. However, Heritage durum wheat plants were the highest. This figure has changed significantly over the years of research. Thus, the highest plants were in the favourable 2014 – 108–129 cm, the shortest in the less favourable 2013 – 85–92 cm, and in 2015 – 100–106 cm. Spring triticale plants had the highest resistance to pathogens of leaf spot in 2015. In 2014, the intensity of their defeat was at the level of 4.0–4.5% with the resistance of 9 points. Triticale spring significantly exceeded the plants of both types of wheat in this respect. On the average for three years of researches, the coefficient of general spring triticale tillering made 1.56–1.65 depending on the variety. This indicator was at the level of durum wheat and 9–14 % lower than that of soft wheat. The productive tillering coefficient was 10–15 % lower than that of soft wheat. Of the five varieties of spring triticale, the highest grain yield was obtained for the cultivation of Kharkiv Oberih variety – 6.12 t/ha. Yields of Kharkiv Lebid, Kharkiv Sontsedar and Kharkiv Korovai varieties were 18–22 % higher compared to soft wheat and 7–11 % higher than durum wheat. Conclusions. Indicators of growth and development of spring triticale plants and grain yield change significantly depending on the variety and weather conditions of the growing season. The duration of the growing seasom of spring triticale is 102–122 days. Plants can be medium and very tall, lodging resistance varies from 5 to 9 points. Triticale spring has a very high resistance to main fungal diseases. Grain yield is 4.93–6.12 t/ha depending on the genotype. To obtain a high and stable grain yield, it is necessary to grow Kharkiv Korovai and Kharkiv Oberih spring triticale varieties.

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Adaptive potential of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties of Azerbaijan

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2020-4-22-28 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 181 (4) ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Kh. N. Rustamov ◽

Z. I. Akparov ◽

M. A. Abbasov

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Global Climate ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Crop Husbandry ◽

Stable Yield ◽

Triticum Durum Desf

Background. Studies into the adaptability of the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and their wild relatives to various environments are induced by global climate change. Introduction of adaptive wheat cultivars resistant to environmental stressors is the basis for stable harvests. This article presents the results of a research into the adaptive value of indigenous durum wheat varieties and improved cultivars released in different years in Azerbaijan.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out in the foothills of Mountainous Shirvan under unsecured non-irrigation at Gobustan Experiment Station of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry. In 2012–2014, contrasting in weather conditions, levels and structure of yield were analyzed. VIR’s guidelines were used to study 42 durum wheat varie ties, including 10 landraces. The years of study differed sharply in rainfall. Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient was used to assess the conditions of growing seasons.Results. Mostly modern cultivars of the semi-intensive type were distinguished for a set of agrobiological traits. Adaptability coefficients (0.81–1.23) showed that the response of the studied varieties to unfavorable conditions was highly expressed. Indigenous landraces ‘Ag bughda’ and ‘Bozak’, old breeding varieties ‘Arandani’, ‘Ag bughda 13’, ‘Kahraba’ and ‘Mirbashir 50’, and new cultivars ‘Karagilchig 2’ and ‘Barakatli 95’ had the highest adaptability coefficients. The first of them demonstrated stable yield, and the latter two were also resistant to stressors.Conclusion. Durum wheat yields under the conditions of moderately continental climate in Mountainous Shirvan depended on the number and weight of grains per ear. The varieties identified for the best adaptability are recommended to be included in crosses to develop new plastic cultivars of durum wheat.

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The spring durum wheat variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-77-5-41-45 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

P. N. Malchikov ◽

M. G. Myasnikova ◽

T. V. Chukheeva

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Crop Production ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

New Variety ◽

Middle Volga Region ◽

Production Region ◽

Variety Testing ◽

Research Institute

The Middle Volga region is traditionally a production region of high-quality durum wheat. For sustainable grain crop production, a system of durum wheat varieties’ breeding is being developed here. For its diversification there has been developed the new variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’. The breeding process from hybridization of the variety to its study in the competitive variety testing was carried out in the experimental plots of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture. The competitive variety testing was carried out in parallel at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology. There was conducted the ecological and geographical study in the KASIB system for 2 years (in 2017 and 2018) in 9 eco-points of various institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan. During the period of the variety development (2004–2020) there were spring and summer droughts, one being very strong and 6 being strong, 2 being strong spring and one strong summer droughts, one moderate spring-summer and one moderate spring drought. In the same period, there was an epiphytotics of various pathogens for 5 years. When studied in the competitive variety testing, there were severe spring-summer droughts in 2016, 2018, 2019; there was an epiphytotics of leaf blotches (fusarium, pyrenophorosis) and stem rust in 2016. The years 2017 and 2020 were favorable for the grain yield formation. The realized productivity of the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya Yubileinaya’ was 6.04 t/ha at FSBSI FANTSA (Altai Research Institute of Agriculture) in 2018. In the competitive variety testing of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, the new variety productivity exceeded that of the standard one on 0.25 t/ha for 5 years. According to drought resistance, resistance to leaf rust, the variety had an advantage over the standard one. The variety is resistant (R/MR type of resistance) to leaf blotches, grain and pasta quality is at the standard level. The purpose of the current work was to describe the methods of development, properties and testing traits of the new variety.

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The effect of cultivation technologies on grain and pasta quality of the winter durum wheat varieties

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127301026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 273 ◽

pp. 01026

Author(s):

Valentina Likhovidova ◽

Nina Kravchenko

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Field Trials ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Mean Values ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Gluten Content ◽

Cultivation Technology

The current paper has considered the effect of cultivation technologies of winter durum wheat varieties on their quality indicators through the years with varied weather conditions. The study was carried out in 2015-2019, in the conditions of laboratory and field trials. There have been studied such traits as nature weight, kernel hardness, protein percentage and gluten content of three zoned winter durum wheat varieties sown in weedfree fallow. There has been identified a proportion of the factors’ effect on quality indicators. In the curent study there was a range of mean values according to a variety, a year, a cultivation technology. Through the years of study, all variants of technologies contributed to larger grain nature weight, from 768 g/l in the variety ‘Donchanka’ to 792 g/l in the variety ‘Oniks’. The largest nature weight in the trials was established when using an intensive cultivation technology. Through different years of study, the highest protein percentage in grain was identified in 2016, it was 13.57-17.08%. Through three years, the largest gluten content in grain (30.06%) was identified in the variety ‘Oniks’ when using an intensive cultivation technology. The general assessment of pasta was 4-4.5 points.

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