Adaptive potential of the hulled oats gene pool according to 1000-grain weight

There have been presented the study results of 11 collection hulled oats samples in comparison with the standard variety ‘Krechet’ conducted at the Falenskaya selection station of the FARC the North-East (the Kirov region) in 2018–2020. The purpose of the current study was to identify sources stable on the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ for the breeding of hulled oats by estimating the adaptability parameters. The soil of the experimental plot was sod-podzolic, medium loamy, the meteorological conditions were contrasting in temperature and precipitation. In the favorable year of 2019, the 1000-grain weight was the highest (34.6–45.9 g), the index of environmental conditions was positive (Ij = 1.6). In the unfavorable year of 2020, the 1000-grain weight was 31.3–41.8 g and the index of environmental conditions was negative (Ij = -1.5). There have been identified the adaptable sources (IEP = 1.08–1.00) ‘15330 KSI 590/05’ (Russia), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova), ‘15423 Prelekst’, ‘15426 Werva’ (Germany); the stable sources according to the relative stability of the trait (St2 = 0.99–0.91) ‘15280 55 h 2106’, ‘15331 CSI 2167/03’ (Russia), ‘15297 Geszti’ (Hungary), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova), ‘15428 Bohum’ (Poland), ‘15420 Leniak’ (Germany); the sources with a high level of intensity (I = 24.5 and 19.30%) – ‘15329 CSI 639/05’, ‘15330 CSI 590/05’ and homeostaticity (Hom = 25.28–11.96) ‘15280 55 h 2106’ (Russia), ‘15297 Geszti’ (Hungary), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova); the sources responsive to favorable growing conditions (Kp = 1.11–1.28) ‘15329 KSI 639/05’, ‘15330 KSI 590/05’, ‘15331 KSI 2167/03’ (Russia), ‘15414 Enostar’ (Germany); the most adaptive sources in terms of the sum of ranks ‘15330 CSI 590/05’ and ‘15329 CSI 639/05’ (Russia), ‘15388 Saltaret’ (Moldova), ‘15426 Werva, ‘15414 Enostar’ (Germany). There have been identified significant direct correlations between indicators of stability and homeostaticity (r = 0.96), intensity and coefficient of responsiveness (r = 0.73).

Seed productivity and adaptability parameters of the alfalfa samples in the south of the Rostov region

The general climate change in the south of Russia makes the development of new varieties of grain crops, including forage grasses, with high resistance and adaptability to climatic stress factors extremely necessary. The breeding process of forage plant adapted to changing environmental conditions is seen as an effective way to allow crop production to cope with unexpected possible climate changes with the least possible losses. The specific reaction of plants to environmental conditions is of particular interest when studying collection plant samples of different gen[1]otypes, as well as when choosing varieties for cultivation in specific conditions. Studying the stability and adaptability of collection samples of forage grasses can also make it possible to use them in different regions. The purpose of the current study was to estimate alfalfa samples by the parameters of ecological adaptability and stability according to the trait ‘seed productivity’. The objects of study were 30 samples of the VIR collection from the USA, Canada, France and Peru. There has been identified a large group of samples with bi < 1. These samples were important as genotypes with a weak responsiveness of seed productivity to worse conditions. They are to be used in hybrids to obtain an initial material that is adaptive according to the trait ‘seed productivity’ in stressful conditions. The smallest bi coefficient was found in the samples ‘K-42694’ (0.20), ‘K-32783’ (0.22) and ‘K-47804’ (0.29). The stability coefficient σd 2 , which reflects the correlation between the growing conditions and seed productivity of the samples through the years of study and was calculated on the basis of the theoretical productivity and the deviation of the theoretical value from the actual one, varied from 0.01 to 74.70. This range of variation indicates that the set of samples contains such samples whose stability of productivity is genetically determined and significantly exceeds the variability of the average productivity of the entire set. Estimation of differences according to stability of seed productivity, in comparison with the standard variety ‘Rostovskaya 90’, revealed a significant difference in this trait in the samples ‘K-43272’, ‘K-50545’, ‘K-50561’.

Estimation of productivity of the new peas lines and determination of their adaptability parameters

The purpose of the current study was to consider and identify promising peas lines with high grain productivity and determine their adaptability parameters. The field study was carried out at the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the southern part of the Rostov region during the 4-year competitive variety testing (2017–2020). The objects of the study were 19 breeding lines developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. All lines were of a leafless type. The standard variety was the variety ‘Aksaysky usaty 5’. The lines ‘G-1002’ (2.60 t/ha), ‘G-1003’ (2.81 t/ha), ‘G-1005’ (2.58 t/ha), ‘G-1007’ (2.56 t/ha), ‘G-1014’ (2.63 t / ha) and ‘B-3790/30-3’ (2.54 t/ha) showed a significant excess over the standard variety. The mean productivity in the competitive variety testing of 2017–2020 was 2.41 t/ha. The maximum productivity difference among the years was 1.63 t/ha, or 89% of the mean productivity. This indicates a high contrast of the cultivation conditions over the years. There have been identified the adaptability parameters of the pea lines (stress resistance, genetic flexibility, homeostaticity and breeding value), which exceeded grain productivity of the standard variety. The lines ‘G-1014’ (5.31), ‘G-1007’ (6.12), and ‘B-3790/30-3’ (6.47) showed the highest homeostaticity. The productivity of these lines was more even over the years and it is preferable to cultivate them in contrasting conditions (zones of risky farming, low agricultural background). The lines ‘G-1002’ (4.19), ‘G-1005’ (4.53) were a bit inferior to them. The line ‘G-1003’ had the lowest level of homeostaticity (3.98). The lines ‘G-1014’ (1.49), ‘G-1007’ (1.47), ‘B-3790/30-3’ (1.44) were characterized with the greatest indicator of breeding value. According to the results of the competitive variety testing in 2017–2019, in 2019 the line ‘G-1003’ with the highest grain productivity, was sent to the State Variety Testing under the name ‘Zernogradsky usaty’ in the North Caucasian (6) region. According to the estimation results of the adaptive properties, the variety is responsive to the improvement of cultivation conditions and has been recommended for cultivation in intensive technology.

ADAPTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF MID-EARLY CORN HYBRIDS FOR GRAIN IN AGROLANDSCAPES CONDITIONS OF BRYANSK REGION

The paper presents results of agroecological assessment of adaptive ability and grain yield of mid-early corn hybrids on gray forest soils of Bryansk high plains. The study and assessment of grain yield of mid-early corn hybrids of domestic and foreign selection were carried out on the basis of the experimental field of Bryansk State Agrarian University in the period of 2016-2019. The aim of these studies was to study the adaptability parameters and the features of formation of highly productive agrocenoses of mid-early (FAO 201-300) corn hybrids for grain in the agrolandscape conditions of Bryansk region. The object of the research was 19 hybrids of the middle early group (FAO 201-300). The following tasks were solved in the course of the study: to conduct an agroecological parameter assessment of the adaptive ability of mid-early corn hybrids applying the generally accepted parameter of “yield”; to substantiate the features of formation of highly productive corn crops in grain cultivation technology in the agro-climatic conditions of the region. Parameters of ecological plasticity, stress resistance, homeostaticity, selection value were calculated. As a result of the experiments, the average corn grain yield varied from 6.07 t / ha of Ronaldinio hybrid of the KWS selection (Germany) to 8.29 t / ha of Voronezh 279 SV hybrid (Voronezh branch of the All-Russian Research Institute of Maize). The indexes of environmental conditions (Ij) within the years of research varied from - 0.2 to +0.8: the most favorable conditions for formation of high yield of corn grain appeared in 2018, and on average, 7.72 t / ha was obtained in the experiment. Such genotypes as Ronaldinio (KWS, Germany), P 8523 (Pioneer, France), DKS 2960 (Monsanto, Switzerland), Pterox (RAGN Semences, France) were noted with high parameters of homeostaticity, selection value and variation coefficient low values. High parameters of adaptive ability were identified in hybrids of domestic selection of Voronezh 279 SV, Ladoga 221 MV and foreign selection - Ronaldinio (KWS, Germany), P 8523, P 8816 (Pioneer, France) and DKS 2960 (Monsanto, Switzerland), which possessed stability, selection value, stress resistance and high grain yield in the agrolandscape conditions of the region.

THE COMPARISON OF ADAPTIVITY PARAMETERS OF SUNFLOWER VARIETIES OF THE BREEDING OF V.S. PUSTOVOIT ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OIL CROPS IN VARIOUS GROWING AREAS

We studied the environmental plasticity and stability of sunflower varieties Belochka and Skormas as an important stage in ecological variety trials. The data obtained during the research allow us to draw a conclusion on the response of crop varieties to various agro-climatic cultivation conditions by three points of the study. The studies carried out to compare the adaptability parameters of the sunflower varieties Belochka and Skormas at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar city district) – CES, the Armavir experimental station – AES (Armavir city district), Siberian experimental station – SES (Isilkul, the Omsk region) made it possible to establish that the studied sunflower varieties have sufficient plasticity by all test points. At the same time, we established that the variety Skormas at the CES and the variety Belochka at the AES had the highest yield stability.

The change of productivity and quality of spring barley grain with the improvement of the varieties’ adaptability

The purpose of the current study was to determine the correlation between adaptability parameters of the spring barley varieties and grain productivity and the main indicators of its quality. The study was conducted from 2011 to 2019 in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The protein percentage in grain, raw oil, starch and husk content of grain were determined according to the Pleshkov and Berkutova methods. The mathematical processing was carried out according to the methodology of Dospekhov, Eberhard and Russell. According to the trial, low productivity of spring barley was recorded in 2012, 2013 and 2016 (2.36–2.92 t/ha) with low values of the index of environmental conditions (-1.32; -1.88). Higher productivity was recorded in 2011, 2015, 2018 and 2019 (5.26-5.89 t/ha), with high values of the index of environmental conditions (1.02–1.65). The productivity of the standard variety ‘Omskiy 95’ varied from 2.11 t/ha (in 2016) to 5.91 t/ha (in 2015). The varieties ‘Sibirskiy Avangard’, ‘Sasha’, ‘Omskiy 100’ exceeded the standard variety (+0.47; +1.97 t/ha to standard). An increased content of raw oil in grain was recorded in the varieties ‘Omskiy 9’1 and ‘Sasha’ (0.4-0.6% to standard). The varieties ‘Omskiy 91’, ‘Sibirskiy Avangard’, ‘Omskiy 90’, ‘Omskiy 96’ and ‘Omskiy 100’ were characterized by a reduced husk content of grain (-0.7; -1.4% to standard). The barley varieties ‘Sibirskiy Avangard’ and ‘Sasha’ (bi > 1; σ2 d < 1) were highly responsive and stable to improving environmental conditions. The improvement of adaptability (bi) of barley varieties did not have a significant effect on grain productivity and quality (r = 0.109±0.020 and 0.232±0.035). The stability (σ2 d) of the varieties was characterized by an average direct correlation with starch content in grain (r = 0.429±0.120), a strong direct correlation with oil content in grain (r = 0.656±0.105). There was identified an average inverse correlation between stability (σ2 d) and protein and husk content in grain (r = -0.399±0.060 and -0.447±0.055). There was a weak correlation with productivity (r = -0.204±0.040).

Assessment of adaptability parameters in hulled oat germplasm accessions in terms of their yield in the environments of Kirov Province

Background.Studying the gene pool of a crop under specific soil and climate conditions makes it possible to predict the breeding value of germplasm, while its subsequent inclusion in the breeding process ensures the development of adaptable cultivars capable of implementing their productive potential in large-scale agriculture.Materials and methods. Stability (Si2) and plasticity (bi; PUSS), Ambient Condition Index (Ij), Homeostatic (Hom), Stress Resistance, and Stability Index (Is) were calculated for 12 hulled oat (Avena sativaL.) accessions at the FARC of North-East.Results.Accessions 2981 IG100720 (USA) and k-15293 BORYNA (Poland) showed the best stress resistance, while the highest genetic flexibility was observed in 2981 IG100720 (USA), 3007 IG100848 (Germany), 5330 СSI 590/05, and k-15178 ‘Begunok’ (Russia). Sources of intensive-type hulled oats: k-15330 CSI 590/05 (Russia) (bi= 1.36) and k-15331 CSI 2167/03 (Russia) (bi= 1.60), were identified for their higher yield values: 856 and 889 g/m2 under improved growing conditions in 2017, and 365 and 285 g/m2 under dry conditions in 2016, respectively. Medium-intensive accessions k-15178 ‘Begunok’ (Russia) (bi= 1.07), and ‘Skrokolik’ (k-15321, Russia) (bi= 0.97) were identified for the best plasticity. The reference cv. ‘Krechet’ (Si2= 0.06) demonstrated high yield stability.Conclusion.Sources were selected for hulled oat breeding: 2981 IG100720 (USA), 3007 IG100848 (Germany), and k-15293 BORYNA (Poland), with high stress resistance and plasticity, and plastic sources k-15178 ‘Begunok’ and k-15321 ‘Skrokolik’ (Russia), with stable high yield under varying environmental conditions.

The study of the adaptive properties of the initial material of winter bread wheat according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’

Introduction. One of the urgent direction in winter wheat breeding is to improve its adaptability, enhance the ability of varieties to give maximum productivity under certain environmental conditions.Methods. The objects of research were 290 samples of winter bread wheat of various ecological and geographical origin taken from the world collection of domestic and foreign selection. In order to estimate the adaptability parameters of the varieties according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ there have been selected 31 samples, in accordance with several economically valuable traits. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety.Results. The study has resulted in the identification of the collection samples with different adaptive properties. The samples with bi > 1 ‘Slavna’ (Si2 = 3.01), ‘Chornyava’ (Si2 = 5.64), ‘Etana’ (Si2 = 5.64) can be classified as the varieties of intensive type. The i samples with bi < 1 ‘Ermak’ (bi = 0.93), ‘L 19578’ (bi = 0.42), ‘Simonida’ (bi = 0.21) can be classified as the varieties of extensive type. The samples ‘Vinnichanka’ (bi = -0.07), ‘Zlatka’ (bi = -0.71), ‘Ling Xing 99’ (bi = -0.26) and ‘Sailor’ (bi = -1.22) were identified as adaptable and highly adapted. The samples ‘Vinnichanka’ (Si2 = 0.74), ‘EistanzueLo Benteveo’ (Si2 = 0.82), and ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Si2 = 0.23) showed their stability of the trait ‘1000 grain weight’. The samples ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Hom = 12119.6), ‘Shestopalivka’ (Hom = 3703.3) and others were characterized by high homeostaticity. The maximum breeding value were identified in the varieties ‘Ling Xing 99’ (Sc = 47.4), ‘Zhong Ping 1597’ (Sc = 46.5), ‘Shestopalivka’ (Sc = 46.3), ‘EistanzueLo Benteveo’ (Sc = 46.3), ‘L 19578’ (Sc = 46.3) and ‘Akter’ (Sc = 45.0). The identified genotypes have been recommended to be used into crossings to develop highly productive varieties adapted to the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region.

Stress resistance in barley cultivars of various agroecological origin under extreme continental climate conditions

Background. The barley collection at the N.I. Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), being the main source of source material for breeding, is insufficiently studied under conditions of extreme continental climate. The purpose of the research was to assess the adaptability of barley cultivars held by VIR to extreme continentality.Material and methods. The research targets were 24 barley cultivars representing various breeding centers and tolerance regions of Russia. The cultivar ‘Omsky 91’ developed at Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center was used as the reference.Results and discussion. According to the genetic profiles for alleles of hordein-coding loci, provided by the Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, more than 70% of the studied barley cultivars (‘Chelyabinsky 99’, ‘Priazovsky 9’, ‘Zadel’, ‘Sokol’, ‘Zernogradsky 584’, ‘Zadonsky 8’, ‘Khadzhibey’, ‘Beatrice’, ‘Knyazhich’, ‘Zevs’, ‘Kazak’) were linear in their hordein-coding loci. The homeostasis of the cultivars, their stability indices and plasticity levels were calculated. Their intensity measures and selection differentials were determined.Conclusion. The adaptability assessment based on the sum of ranks (calculated using the abovementioned adaptability parameters) showed that the monomorphic cultivars ‘Priazovsky 9’ and ‘Chelyabinsky 99’ as well as cv. ‘Severyanin’ (not listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements) were most adapted to extreme continental climate conditions (sums of ranks ranged from 8 to 29). The adaptability of the identified cultivars was confirmed by high-yielding hybrid populations produced from crossing the selected adaptable cv. ‘Chelyabinsky 99’ with cvs. ‘Omsky 91’ and ‘Omsky 95’ released by Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center. The obtained lines demonstrated higher yields than both the mean yield of the parent cultivars (+1.20 t/ha) and the yield of the best parent cultivar (+0.76 t/ha).