scholarly journals Cowpea Crop Response to Mineral and Organic Fertilization in SE Spain

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Virginia Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
Raúl Zornoza ◽  
Ángel Faz ◽  
Juan Antonio Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Other Hand

Mineral fertilization is considered to be useful for improving soil fertility and yields. However, its use is linked to global warming and soil and water pollution by its rapid mobilization. On the other hand, organic fertilization is recommended to maintain or improve soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks while contributing to climate change mitigation. The main goal of this study was to assess the effect of two different fertilizer types, mineral and organic, during three cowpea crop cycles on the soil’s physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, crop yield, crop quality and nutritional composition when considering two cowpea cultivars (Feijão frade de fio preto (FP) and Feijão frade de fio claro (FC)). The use of mineral fertilizers was seen to contribute to improved soil fertility due to the increase in soil properties, such as recalcitrant carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium content, available K and available Mg. On the other hand, organic fertilizers only increased the nitrate content in the soil. There were no differences in terms of cowpea crop yield, quality and nutritional composition by fertilizer type. Thus, both fertilizer types contributed to the same crop yield and quality, and thus the use of organic fertilizers can result in a sustainable alternative for maintaining cowpea crop yield and quality.

Effects of time and dose of organic fertilizers on soil fertility, nutrient content and yield of vegetables

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. HERENCIA ◽  
C. MAQUEDA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Edible Part

SUMMARYA comparative study of the effect of organic fertilization at different times and doses on soil fertility and crop yield was performed over 3 years in a calcareous loamy soil. Nutrient availability in the soil and macronutrient concentration in leaves and in the edible part of the plants was examined in plots that were previously handled conventionally and ecologically for several years. The organic fertilizers used were manure compost at two doses in plots after 4 years of organic management treatment, and green residues of previous crops in plots with 10 years of organic management. In general, soil organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and magnesium (Mg) contents were found to be considerably greater in organically fertilized soils in comparison with soil receiving mineral fertilizer (conventional treatment (CT)). For C and N, the highest contents were observed in the long-term organic treatment (OR). However, few differences were found for potassium (K) and sodium (Na). The results obtained for electrical conductivity and pH indicated that, in general, there were no significant differences between treatments. The differences in the values of EC and pH occurred among cultivation cycles irrespective of the type of fertilization, but there was a contradictory trend for each of the above parameters. The results obtained for leaves and the edible part of the plant indicated that, in general, there were no significant differences between treatments, except for P with a trend for higher P content in organic crops. The nitrate values in leaves showed great variability, making it difficult to draw conclusions. The associations of fertilization and the chemical properties of soil with nutrient content in crops were checked by principal component analysis (PCA). For soil data, different clusters were observed between CT and OR treatments. However, PCA showed that the influence of crop type on plant nutrient concentrations was greater than type of fertilization. The effect of fertilization on crop yield was variable depending on plant species. The results indicated that organic fertilization did not cause deficiencies in the nutrient content and yield of vegetables when compared with conventional fertilization, showing that ecological management can be used effectively.

scholarly journals Yield and quality criteria in organically and conventionally grown tomatoes in Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin Polat ◽  
Halil Demir ◽  
Fedai Erler
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Organically Grown

The term 'organically grown food' denotes products that have been produced in accordance with the principles and practices of organic agriculture. The use of alternatives to synthetic fertilizers is an important issue in organic systems. A two-year field experiment to evaluate effects of organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of open field grown tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was carried out in Southern Turkey in 2000 and 2001. Combinations of manure, blood flour and micronutrient preparations were used for fertilization, and conventional mineral fertilization was included as the control. Yield did not differ between the fertilization and the Conventional treatments in the first year of the study, but the highest yield was obtained from conventional in the second year. No differences were found between treatments in terms of fruit soluble sugar content or citric acid. The application of organic fertilizers positively affected the micronutritional element content of tomato fruits compared to the conventional treatment. Organic fertilization results in improved yield and fruit quality compared to conventional fertilization. In addition, organic fertilization should be supported in order to facilitate reuse and disposal of organic wastes and to maintain and/or increase soil fertility.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF TRIPLOID WATERMELON HYBRIDS.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 859f-859
Author(s):  
Donald N. Maynard ◽  
Gary W. Elmstrom
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Triploid Watermelon

Evaluations of 30 triploid (seedless) watermelon hybrids were conducted in the Spring 1989 season at Bradenton and Leesburg, Florida. There was considerable variation in relative cultivar yields at the two locations. However, consistency in some cultivars did occur. 'HMX 7924' produced the highest total yield and 'CFREC 88-2' had high total yields at both locations. On the other hand, 'ACX 882322', 'Fengshan No. 1', 'FMX 28', 'Fummy', 'Honeyheart', 'Nova', and 'NVH 4295' produced low total yields at both locations. Average fruit weight was high for 'Ssuper Sweet Brand 5244', 'CFREC 88-4', and 'HMX 7924' whereas 'ACX 882322', 'FMX 28', 'Fengshan No. 1', 'Nova', and 'PSR 49087' produced low average fruit weight. Soluble solids exceeded 11% in all entries at Bradenton whereas two entries were lower than 10% at Leesburg. Several experimental lines out performed the named cultivars suggesting that future introductions will be superior to those already available.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PROPAGATING STOCK AND PRACTICES FOR ANNUAL RHUBARB PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1119f-1119
Author(s):  
D.N. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Selection Of

Yield and quality of seed- and vegetatively-propagated rhubarb [Rheum rhabarbarum L.) for annual production were evaluated for 4 seasons. Field planting of transplants or crown divisions in late October or early November resulted in harvests beginning in early to late January and continuing until late April. Selection of `Victoria' seedlings based on petiole color was not effective in increasing the proportion of red mature petioles. Yields from seed-propagated annual `Victoria' rhubarb were always higher than yields from `McDonald' single-bud crown divisions and higher than yields from `McDonald' crown-divisions in one of two years. The four-year average yield for `Victoria' seed-propagated rhubarb was 20.4 Mg·ha-1 whereas `McDonald' crown-division-propagated rhubarb had a two-year average yield of 15.8 Mg·ha-1. On the other hand, petiole color of vegetatively-propagated rhubarb was always superior to that of seed-propagated rhubarb. GA applications increased early yield from `McDonald' single-bud divisions, but reduced early and total harvest petiole weight.

scholarly journals UNAPREĐENJE PROIZVODNJE STOČNE HRANE NA PRIRODNIM TRAVNJACIMA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladeta Stevovic ◽  
◽  
Dalibor Tomic ◽  
Dragan Đurovic ◽  
Milomirka Madic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Limited Application

Yield and quality of forage mainly depend on the floristic composition, ie the share of higher quality grasses and legumes, soil fertility, amount and distribution of precipitation and light. Natural meadows and pastures are the most important resource in the forage production in the hilly and mountainous area of Republic of Serbia. Despite the large areas, the forage production on natural grasslands is relatively low. Limited application of a small number of agrotechnical measures is the main reason for low and unstable yields and poor forage quality. Only by appropriate fertilization of meadows and pastures with mineral and organic fertilizers, their rational exploitation, it is possible to achieve an increase in hay yield by several times and improvement in forage quality, simultaneously.

Incidence de l'aération sur le traitement par compostage des sous-produits du palmier dattier contaminés parFusarium oxysporumf.sp.albedinis

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chakroune ◽  
M Bouakka ◽  
A Hakkou
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Cooling Phase

Composting of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) residues contaminated with Fusarium f.sp oxysporum albedinis, causal agent of the vascular wilt (Bayoud) of the date palm, has been achieved. The effect of the aeration of the piles by manual turning has been studied. The maintenance of an adequate humidity of 60%–70%, necessary to the good progress of the composting process, required the contribution of 11.4 L of water/kg of the dried residues. The evolution of the temperatures in the three piles presents the same phases. A latency phase, followed after 2–3 d of composting by a thermophilic phase, which lasts about 24 d, where the temperature remains elevated between 50 and 70 °C. Then a cooling phase that takes about 15 d, during which the temperatures fall to values between 25 and 35 °C, near room temperature. Fusarium f.sp oxysporum albedinis is eliminated completely during the thermophilic phase of composting, and increasing frequencies of turning accelerate its disappearance to a certain extent. On the other hand, pH remained steady and relatively basic oscillating between 8.2 and 8.7. Ninety percent (90%) of the the date palm residues are composed exclusively of organic matters. The total nitrogen represents only 0.4%. The contribution of manure decreases the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) from 115 to 48 in the initial mixture. After 80 d of composting and according to the frequency of return up, there is a reduction of the granulometry of the substratum, the C/N ratio (from 29% to 44%), the organic matter (from 15% to 23%), the total volume (from 25% to 35%), and of the dry weight of the swaths (from 16% to 24%). On the other hand there is an increase in total nitrogen rate (from 20% to 40%) and in the mineral matter (from 23% to 35%).Key words: composting, palm date, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis.

scholarly journals Zai Technology and Integrated Nutrient Management for Improved Soil Fertility and Increased Sorghum Yields in Kitui County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy Cheruto Kebenei ◽  
Monicah Mucheru-Muna ◽  
Felista Muriu-Ng'ang'a ◽  
Charles Kimani Ndung'u
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
The Impact

Deteriorating soil fertility, low unreliable rainfall and soil moisture stress has resulted to low crop yields among farmers of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), necessitating a search for more sustainable production practices. Zai technology has the ability to promote soil moisture retention and enhances soil fertility. A four-seasons field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of Zai technology combined with cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer on selected soil properties and sorghum yields in Kabati, Kitui County. The experiment was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments replicated thrice with sorghum Gadam as the test crop. Soil sampling was done at the beginning of the first season and at the end of the fourth season at a dept of 0–15 cm across each plot for laboratory analyses. From the results, the increase in electrical conductivity was significant at p < 0.05 in all the treatments after four cropping seasons. Total organic carbon significantly increased in Zai with cattle manure (p = 0.045), conventional with no input (p = 0.038) and conventional with cattle manure (p = 0.045). Available phosphorous significantly (p < 0.05) increased in treatments under Zai technology while total nitrogen significantly (p < 0.05) reduced after the four cropping seasons. There was a significant (p < 0.05) interactive effect of the tested factors on soil pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and available phosphorous at the end of the experiment. Moreover, there was significant (p < 0.05) interactive effects on grain yields (SR18 and SR19 seasons) and stover yields (SR18, LR19, and SR19 seasons), with higher yields being recorded in treatments under Zai technology. This study demonstrates the importance of Zai technology in increasing crop yield by trapping water and enhancing its retention and infiltration into the soil for uptake by plants. This study concluded that positive impacts on important soil properties and crop yield could be realized when Zai technology is utilized alongside either sole inorganics or a combination of organic and inorganic amendments and this could be used as a strategy to improve crop production in eastern Kenya and other similar areas.

scholarly journals How Fertilisation Affects Distribution Of Carbon And Nutrients In Vineyard Soil?

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Ján Horák ◽  
Otto Ložek ◽  
Juraj Chlpík
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Available P ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vineyard Soil ◽  
C And N

Abstract The effect of fertilisation on C and N, P, K nutrients distribution in the Rendzic Leptosol in locality Nitra-Dražovce was studied. We evaluated the following treatments of fertilisation: (1) G (non-fertilised), (2) FYM (farmyard manure – dose 40 t/ha), (3) G+NPK3 (grass + 3rd intensity of fertilisation for vineyards), and (4) G+NPK1 (grass + 1st intensity of fertilisation for vineyards). The soil samples were taken in spring during the years 2008–2015. Obtained results showed that the content of organic carbon (Corg) decreased in the following order: G+NPK1 > FYM > G > G+NPK3 and content of total nitrogen (Nt) decreased in the following order: FYM > G+NPK3 > G+NPK1 > G. The application of NPK in the 1st intensity of fertilisation for vineyards and added FYM build up a Corg at an average rate of 370 and 229 mg/kg/year, respectively. On the other hand, contents of Nt due to fertilisation declined in FYM, G+NPK3 and G+NPK1 at an average rate of 53, 22 and 20 mg/kg/year, respectively. Available P and K contents were also increased after the fertilisation of FYM and NPK. Added fertilisers (G+NPK3) significantly build up a P at an average rate of 10.2 mg/kg/year.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL LIVER NECROSIS; II. ENZYMES

1907 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Pearce ◽  
Holmes C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Initial Amount ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Experimental Liver ◽  
Final Amount ◽  
Production Of Ammonia

1. The presence of blood serum has a decided inhibitory effect on autolysis. Thus in the normal unwashed organs the non-coagulable nitrogen increase was 100 to 300 per cent., while in the washed it amounted to 450 per cent. The washed necrotic livers showed an increase of from 600 to 850 per cent., while that of the unwashed necrotic was only slightly above the normal unwashed. 2. While the initial amount of non-coagulable nitrogen varies it is greater in those livers showing the more extensive forms of necrosis. The final amount of autolysis is also greatest in livers of this type. As regards the rate of autolysis fifty per cent. of the total occurs in the first day in the normal and in all types of lesions both washed and unwashed. The maximum is usually reached on the third day in the unwashed, while in the washed there is a continued increase to the eighth day. At this time in the necrotic livers about two to three times as much of the total nitrogen is in the form of non-coagulable nitrogen as in the normal. 3. In the necrotic tissue the initial controls show the content of monamino-acids, with one exception, to be practically doubled. In the washed necrotic the final amount is seventy per cent. of the total nitrogen against forty-six to fifty-seven per cent. in the washed normal. In all cases the monamino-acid nitrogen runs parallel to the nitrogen in non-coagulable form, but in relation to the total nitrogen it shows a greater increase in the washed than in the unwashed organs. 4. The ammonia production in the necrotic livers as shown by the partition experiments is greater than that in the normal and this increase corresponds to that of the non-coagulable nitrogen. In the experiments concerning the absolute production of ammonia in the presence of serum a greater amount was produced in the two and five hours' lesions than in the normal livers. On the other hand, the forty-eight hour diffuse necrosis equaled the normal and the focal fell below. 5. Arginase was obtained from normal but could not be isolated from necrotic livers. 6. No constant relation could be demonstrated between the anatomical lesion in the liver and the presence of leucin and tyrosin in the urine. Leucin was found occasionally in the urine, but none in the liver. On the other hand, tyrosin was constantly present in livers with diffuse but rarely in those with focal necrosis. In the instances of diffuse necrosis in which the liver and urine of the same animal were examined tyrosin was found in both. 7. The presence of large amounts of proteoses in the necrotic liver indicates that the elimination of these substances (colloidal nitrogen of Salkowski) under such circumstances may account for a part of the total nitrogen of the urine usually attributed to the monamino-acids.

Material Properties in Advances in Organic Fertilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Yu ◽  
Fei Peng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Crop Resistance ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Organic fertilizer is an important material to improve soil physical and chemical properties , to improve soil fertility , crop yield and quality and enhancing crop resistance has a very important role . In recent years, the proportion of organic fertilizer for the Chinese fertilizer gradually decreased reality introduces the connotation and type of organic fertilizer , discusses the following issues: (1) organic fertilizer on soil fertility , including soil nutrients ( nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements) , soil organic matter and structure , soil enzyme activity ; (2) the role of organic fertilizer to improve crop yield, quality and disease resistance . At the same time , pointed out the remaining organic fertilizer application in question , and the future development were discussed .

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