Effects of xylanase on the fermentation profile and chemical composition of sugarcane silage

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1123-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Del Valle ◽  
G. Antonio ◽  
T. F. Zenatti ◽  
M. Campana ◽  
E. M. C. Zilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme ◽  
Fermentation Profile

AbstractThe current study aims to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of xylanase enzyme (XYL) on sugarcane silage fermentation, fermentative losses, chemical composition, dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradation and aerobic stability. A completely randomized design trial was performed with five treatments and 50 experimental silos. Treatments were: 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg of XYL per kg of DM. XYL contained 10 000 U/g. There was a quadratic effect of XYL on silage pH and acetic acid concentration: lower pH and higher acetic acid concentrations were found at intermediary levels of the enzyme. XYL decreased lactic acid concentration linearly. Furthermore, the enzyme had a quadratic effect on effluent and total losses, with higher losses at intermediary XYL levels. There was a quadratic effect of XYL on organic matter (OM), non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) and crude protein (CP) content. In addition, a quadratic effect of XYL was observed on NDF content and degradation. Intermediary levels of XYL showed higher concentration of OM and NFC. The addition of XYL had no effect on silage temperature and pH after aerobic exposure. Thus, intermediate levels of XYL increased acetic acid and decreased silage pH. Besides positive effects on silage composition, intermediary XYL levels decreased NDF degradation.

scholarly journals Effects of Microbial Inoculation and Storage Length on Fermentation Profile and Nutrient Composition of Whole-Plant Sorghum Silage of Different Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cole Diepersloot ◽  
Matheus R. Pupo ◽  
Lucas G. Ghizzi ◽  
Jessica O. Gusmão ◽  
Celso Heinzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Microbial Inoculation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
And Storage

This study aimed to assess the effects of a heterofermentative microbial inoculant and storage length on fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and nutrient composition in whole-plant sorghum silage (WPSS) from different varieties. Experiment 1, a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement, evaluated microbial inoculation [CON (50 mL distilled water) or LBLD (Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 21762, L. buchneri DSM 12856, and L. diolivorans DSM 32074; 300,000 CFU/g of fresh forage)] and storage length (14, 28, or 56 d) in forage WPSS. The LBLD silage had lower pH compared to CON, and greater concentrations of succinic acid, ethanol, 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD), 1-propanol, 2,3-butanediol and total acids. After 56 d, lactic acid concentration was greater for CON, while acetic acid and aerobic stability were greater in LBLD silage. Experiment 2, a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement, evaluated effects of microbial inoculation (same as experiment 1) and storage length (14, 28, or 56 d) in WPSS of three varieties [forage sorghum (Mojo Seed, OPAL, Hereford, TX), sorghum-sudangrass (Dyna-gro Seed, Fullgraze II, Loveland, CO, United States), or sweet sorghum (MAFES Foundation Seed Stocks, Dale, MS State, MS)]. The LBLD forage sorghum had greater acetic acid and 1,2-PD concentrations at 56 d and 28 d, respectively, but lower concentrations of propionic acid at 56 d and butyric acid at 14 and 28 d. Additionally, WSC concentration was greater for CON than LBLD at 28 d. Furthermore, CON sweet sorghum had greater lactic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid concentrations. However, greater acetic acid and 1,2-PD were observed for LBLD sweet sorghum. The CON sweet sorghum had greater concentration of WSC and yeast counts. The CON sorghum sudangrass had greater lactic and butyric acid concentrations than LBLD at 14 d, but lower acetic acid and 1,2-PD concentrations at 56 d. Yeast counts were greater for CON than LBLD sorghum sudangrass silage. Overall, results indicate inoculation of WPSS with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 21762, L. buchneri DSM 12856, and L. diolivorans DSM 32074 improves heterofermentative co-fermentation allowing the accumulation of acetic acid concentration and increasing antifungal capacities and aerobic stability of WPSS.

scholarly journals Chitosan level effects on fermentation profile and chemical composition of sugarcane silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. e162942
Author(s):  
Tiago Antonio Del Valle ◽  
Giovani Antonio ◽  
Elissandra Maiara de Castro Zilio ◽  
Mauro Sérgio da Silva Dias ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Mold And Yeast

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of chitosan (CHI) on sugarcane fermentation profile and losses, chemical composition, and in situ degradation. Treatments were: 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g of CHI/kg of dry matter (DM). Twenty experimental silos (PVC tubing with diameter 28 cm and height 25 cm) were used. Sand (2 kg) was placed at the bottom of each silo to evaluate effluent losses, and silos were weighed 60 d after ensiling to calculate gas losses. Samples were collected from the center of the silo mass to evaluate silage chemical composition, in situ degradation, fermentation profile, and mold and yeast count. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, and the treatment effect was decomposed using polynomial regression. Chitosan linearly increased acetic acid and NH3-N concentration, while yeast and mold count, and ethanol concentration decreased. Intermediary levels of CHI (from 4.47 to 6.34 g/kg DM) showed the lower values of effluent, gas, and total losses. There was a quadratic effect of CHI on the content of non-fiber carbohydrates, neutral and acid detergent, and in situ DM degradation. The lowest fiber content was observed with levels between 7.01 and 7.47 g/kg DM, whereas the highest non-fiber carbohydrate content and in situ DM degradation were found with 6.30 and 7.17 g/kg DM of CHI, respectively. Chitosan linearly increased acetic acid and NH3-N concentration, whereas it linearly reduced ethanol concentration and count of yeast and mold. Thus, intermediary levels of CHI, between 4.47 and 7.47 g/kg of DM, decrease fermentation losses and improve the nutritional value of sugarcane silage.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Strains of Lactobacillus buchneri on the Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Corn Silage

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Mariele Nascimento Agarussi ◽  
Odilon Pereira ◽  
Leandro da Silva ◽  
Vanessa da Silva ◽  
Rosinea de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Fermentation Profile

The aerobic deterioration of silage nutrients is inevitable in tropical countries, causing negative consequences in animal production systems. Aiming to minimize the losses, the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri strains on fermentation profile and aerobic stability of corn silages were evaluated. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and three replicates. The treatments were noninoculated, commercial L. buchneri (CI), and 11 wild strains of L. buchneri: LB-56.1, LB-56.2, LB-56.4, LB-56.7, LB-56.8, LB-56.9, LB-56.21, LB-56.22, LB-56.25, LB-56.26, and LB-56.27. The treatments could be divided into three different groups according to silage pH and acetic acid concentration. Silages inoculated with LB-56.1, LB-56.4, and LB-56.9 presented higher pH, whereas intermediate values were observed for LB-56.2, LB-56.7, and LB-56.8. The highest acetic acid production was observed for LB-56.1 and LB-56.7. On the other hand, lowest concentrations were found for CI, LB-56.22, LB-56.25, LB-56.26, and LB-56.27. Higher amounts of NH3–N were observed for LB-56.8, LB-56.21, LB-56.22, and LB-56.27 silages than others. Silage inoculation with CI, LB-56.1, LB-56.2, LB-56.4, LB-56.8, LB-56.9, and LB-56.25 strains had higher aerobic stability than others (59.7 vs. 41.2 h). The L. buchneri strains LB-56.1, LB-56.2, LB-56.4, LB-56.8, LB-56.9, and LB-56.25 provided potential features to improve the aerobic stability of corn silage.

scholarly journals Fermentation profile and chemical composition of cassava root silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Juliana Schuch PITIRINI ◽  
Rosana Ingrid Ribeiro dos SANTOS ◽  
Francy Manoely da Silva LIMA ◽  
Ilano Silva Braga do NASCIMENTO ◽  
Jehmison de Oliveira BARRADAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The use of cassava root silage for animal feeding is a suitable option for farmers who grow cassava as an alternative product and for cattle ranchers who have to deal with high prices of corn. Our objective was to determine the effects of cassava genotypes and the correction of soil acidity on the microbial population, fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, aerobic stability and losses of cassava root silage. We used a 2 × 3 factorial design in completely randomized blocks, with four replications. We evaluated two cassava genotypes (Caeté and Manteiguinha) and three methods of soil acidity correction (lime, gypsum, and lime+gypsum). The roots were harvested 11 months after planting, ensiled in PVC silos, and stored for 45 days. No interaction was observed between genotypes and soil acidity correction for any of the evaluated parameters. The silage of Caeté genotype showed the highest concentration of dry matter (421 g kg-1 fresh matter) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (893 g kg-1 dry matter), and the lowest concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (37.1 g kg-1 dry matter) . No significant differences were observed among treatments for lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mold counts in silages. Both genotypes resulted in silages with an adequate fermentation profile and considerably high aerobic stability, but with high effluent loss. The Caeté genotype showed to be potentially better for silage production due to its higher dry matter recovery. Due to the high level of effluent loss, it is recommended to test the effect of a moisture-absorbing additive during the ensiling process of these cassava roots.

Do re-ensiling time and application of Lactobacillus buchneri alter the characteristics of sugarcane silage?

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-446
Author(s):  
E. F. S. Faria ◽  
T. C. da Silva ◽  
D. dos S. Pina ◽  
E. M. Santos ◽  
M. L. G. M. L. de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Repeated Measure Design ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effects of re-ensiling time and Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages. The experiment was set up as a repeated measure design consisting of four air-exposure periods (EP)(0, 6, 12, and 24 h) microbial additive (A) (L. buchneri; or lack of there), with five replicates. Sugarcane was ground through a stationary forage chopper and ensiled in four plastic drums of 200-L capacity. After 210 days of storage, the drums were opened and half of the silage mass was treated with L. buchneri at the concentration of 105 cfu/g of forage. Subsequently, the silages were divided into stacks. The re-ensiling process was started immediately, at 0, 6, 12 and 24-hour intervals, by transferring the material to PVC mini-silos. Silos were opened after 120 days of re-ensiling. The use of L. buchneri reduced butyrate concentration but did not change ethanol or acetic acid concentrations and aerobic stability. An interaction effect between L. buchneri and re-ensiling time was observed for dry matter (DM) losses and composition. Lactobacillus buchneri is not effective in improving aerobic stability in re-ensiled sugarcane silages. However, less DM is lost in silages treated with L. buchneri and exposed to air for 24 h. Re-ensiling sugar cane in up to 24 h of exposure to air does not change final product quality.

scholarly journals Nutritional composition and aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages stored under different environmental conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Marcos Rogério Oliveira ◽  
Antônio Vinícius Iank Bueno ◽  
Guilherme Fernando Mattos Leão ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Transgenic Corn ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Profile

We aimed to evaluate nutritional quality, fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and dry matter losses in corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum 'BRS Umbu') silages. Treatments included uninoculated and inoculated (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, 1.0 × 105 UFC g-1) wheat silage, corn silage from a conventional hybrid and a transgenic hybrid. Nutritional quality and fermentation profile variables were tested in a completely randomized design. Means were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% significance. An aerobic stability trial was conducted in a factorial design with two silages (wheat × inoculated wheat; conventional hybrid corn × transgenic hybrid corn) and two temperatures (ambient temperature × controlled temperature at 24°C). Data were submitted to ANOVA and means were analyzed by the F test at 5% probability. Inoculation of wheat silage increased dry matter, organic matter, and total carbohydrates, but reduced crude protein by a dilution effect. Regarding the fermentation profile, inoculation reduced acetic acid and butyric acid content, whereas it increased propionic acid in wheat silage. Bt corn hybrid silage showed higher dry matter and lower neutral detergent fiber, whereas transgenic corn silage showed lower content of acetic acid, propionic acid, alcohol, and ammonia. Conversely, Bt hybrid silage showed higher butyric acid. Transgenic corn silage showed higher temperature than the conventional hybrid silage during aerobic exposure. Inoculated wheat silage experienced larger deterioration and dry matter losses during the aerobic stability trial. Temperature control worsened aerobic stability in all treatments, increasing dry matter losses and heating.

Silage fermentation profile, chemical composition and economic evaluation of millet and soya bean grown in monocultures and as intercrops

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jahanzad ◽  
A. Sadeghpour ◽  
M. Hashemi ◽  
R. Keshavarz Afshar ◽  
M. B. Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Profile

scholarly journals Ensiling corn silage with different levels of a multi-species lactic acid bacteria inoculant

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
H. Mohammadzadeh ◽  
M. Khorvash ◽  
G. R. Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Aerobic Stability

A multi-species lactic acid bacterial inoculant (Lactisil maize, LM) was applied to whole-crop corn at different maturities in laboratory silos, to evaluate its effects on biochemical characteristics and aerobic stability. The corn crop was harvested at hard dough (HD, 253.1 g/DM kg), one-third milkline (ML, 293.7 g/DM kg) and one-third milkline with a killing frost (MLF, 297.6 g/DM kg). Crops were chopped to a 2.5-cm theoretical cut length, subsampled and treated with two levels of inoculant (LB1 = 1.5 × 105 cfu/g forage, LB2 = 3 × 105 cfu/g forage) or untreated (WO). The chemical composition of MLF crops was very similar to that of ML crops. However, lower (P < 0.01) numbers of lactic acid bacteria and higher numbers of yeast were enumerated in MLF than in ML crops. Higher percentages of DM and neutral detergent fibre and higher pH, but lower (P < 0.01) concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate and crude protein were measured in ML and MLF crops than in HD crops. Application of the inoculant increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of volatile fatty acids, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in silages. Lactic acid concentration increased (P < 0.01) in HD treatments with an increasing level of inoculant. In contrast, the highest (P < 0.01) lactic acid concentration was measured in LB1 treatment compared with WO and LB2 in ML and MLF silages. Silages prepared from ML and MLF crops had higher (P < 0.01) lactic and acetic acid concentrations but lower (P < 0.01) butyric acid concentrations than did those prepared from HD. The pH in LB1 and LB2 silages was higher (P < 0.01) than that measured in WO silages. Aerobic stability was not influenced by inoculant treatment but low-DM silages were more (P < 0.01) resistant to spoilage. Frost-killed corn crops had a good potential to produce well fermented silage. Using LM resulted in silages with slightly higher fermentation products but it failed to improve aerobic stability of silage after 120 days of ensiling. These results indicated that inoculation of corn crops with LM for a short-duration ensilage period cannot enhance aerobic stability of silages due to insufficient acetic acid production from lactic acid conversion.

Condensed tannin-amended cassava silage: fermentation characteristics, degradation kinetics andin-vitrogas production with rumen liquor

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. C. Nascimento ◽  
L. R. Bezerra ◽  
D. R. Menezes ◽  
A. R. F. Lucena ◽  
M. A. Á. Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Upper Third

AbstractThe objective of the current research was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics of silage made with the upper third section of cassava (Manihot esculenta) plants with added condensed tannin levels of 0, 25, 50 and 75 g/kg dry matter (DM). The experimental design was a complete randomized design, with treatments arranged in a 4 × 7 factorial (tannin addition levels × days of ensiling). The loss of gas and the presence of moulds observed in the opening days had increased linearly. Fermentative characteristics were decreased by the addition of tannin. Acetic acid content showed a linear increase. Tannin levels had a quadratic effect on gas production at 28 days of ensiling. After 56 days, however, tannin levels had no significant effect on silage gas production. After 28 days of ensiling, the degradability of potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ demonstrated quadratic effect. The same occurred with the fractions ‘a’, ‘b’ which were undegradable after 56 days of ensiling. The addition of condensed tannin lengthened the fermentative stage and caused the silage to stabilize after 56 days of ensiling.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, fermentation profile, microbial population and dry matter recovery of silages from mixtures of palisade grass and forage peanut

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Françoise Mara Gomes ◽  
Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽  
Igor Alexandre De Souza ◽  
Janaina De Lima Silva ◽  
Mariele Cristina Nascimento Agarussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Microbial Inoculant ◽  
Fermentation Profile

The study evaluated chemical composition, fermentation profile, microbial population and dry matter recovery of silages made from mixtures of palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) and forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte). The experiment was conducted and analyzed in a complete randomized factorial design using 5 levels of each forage (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% on a fresh matter basis), with and without microbial inoculant and 3 replications. The crude protein concentration increased linearly (P<0.05) and fiber concentration decreased linearly (P<0.05) as forage peanut level in silage increased. There was a positive quadratic effect (without inoculant) and positive linear effect (with inoculant) on lactic acid concentration (P<0.05) and a positive quadratic effect (P<0.05) on lactic acid bacteria population with increasing forage peanut levels in silage. The main effects of the addition of forage peanut to palisade grass at ensiling were improvement in the chemical composition and fermentation profile of the grass silage. We recommend adding 25–75% forage peanut to palisade grass prior to ensiling to improve the quality of the resulting silage but there is little merit in adding microbial inoculant to the forage at ensiling. Feeding studies with animals would verify potential benefits in production from inclusion of legume with grass at ensiling, while studies with addition of energy sources at ensiling would determine any further benefits to be achieved in silage quality.

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