New forage species for integration of sheep in rubber plantations

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. NG ◽  
W. W. STÜR ◽  
H. M. SHELTON
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
One Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra

The productivity and persistence of 91 accessions of grasses, legumes and broad-leaved weeds were evaluated under young rubber at the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia Experimental Station at Sungai Buloh near Kuala Lumpur. The species were chosen from world collections for their reported shade tolerance. Two small plot experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1990 and regular harvests were used to assess yield and persistence. The soil at the site was acidic (pH 4·7) and infertile, and light transmission declined from 65 to 20% in Expt 1 and from 90 to 50% in Expt 2.Pattern and cluster analyses were used to allocate accessions to groups with similar yield responses. Grasses which demonstrated both high yield and persistence of yield were Brachiaria decumbens MARDI accession, B. humidicola cv. Tully and Panicum maximum cvs Gatton, Riversdale and Vencedor. High yielding and persistent legumes were Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca and S. guianensis CIAT 184. Survival of species monitored one year after completion of the experiment indicated the good longer term persistence of grasses Stenotaphrum secundatum, Panicum laxum, Paspalum notatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Brachiaria humidicola and Panicum maximum cv. Vencedor, and legumes Arachis repens and A. pintoi.

Genetic polymorphisms and cardiovascular outcomes in Chinese patients undergoing PCI and treated with clopidogrel and aspirin

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Xu ◽  
L Ying ◽  
J Chen ◽  
L Xu ◽  
J Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Genetic polymorphisms of key proteins involved in clopidogrel absorption, metabolism, and action may contribute to variability in platelet inhibition in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but their impacts on cardiovascular outcomes remain unclear. Purpose To examine the associations between genetic polymorphisms and cardiovascular outcomes in Chinese patients undergoing PCI and treated with clopidogrel and aspirin. Methods This prospective cohort study consecutively enrolled 2,453 post-PCI patients treated with clopidogrel and aspirin. Adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation was measured by light transmission aggregometry. A total of 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 18 genes selected according to published studies were investigated using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction technique. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), the composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke within one year after PCI. Results We restricted the analyses to the first 1,452 patients who had finished one-year follow-up and complete data on genotyping and platelet aggregation. 44 (3.03%) patients suffered MACE. Among the 40 SNPs, only the A-allele carriers of CYP2C19*2 had a significant higher risk of MACE (adjusted HR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.01–4.19; p=0.048) and platelet aggregation than non-A-carriers after adjusting age, sex, MI presentation, and left ventricular ejection fraction. CYP2C19*3, CYP2B6 rs3745274, and PEAR1 rs12041331 variants were also significantly associated with platelet aggregation (all p<0.05) but not with MACE at 1 year. Conclusion About 54.2% of Chinese patients with PCI were A-allele carriers of CYP2C19*2, who face a two-fold higher risk of MACE than non-A-allele carriers in Chinese patients after PCI. It would help identify low clopidogrel responders and optimize antiplatelet therapy before drug administration. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Natural Science Funding of China

Stocking rate effects on sheep and forage productivity under rubber in Malaysia

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. CHONG ◽  
I. TAJUDDIN ◽  
Abd. M. S. SAMAT ◽  
W. W. STÜR ◽  
H. M. SHELTON
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Palatable Species ◽  
Stocking Rates

The productivity of grazing sheep was assessed under 7-year-old rubber at the Rubber Research Institute of the Malaysia Experimental Station at Sungai Buloh near Kuala Lumpur between October 1988 and May 1990. The sheep were Dorset × Marlin crossbred lambs and they grazed planted leguminous cover crops and naturally occurring species at a range of stocking rates.In the immature rubber trial, presentation yields of forage declined with time regardless of stocking rate. In the mature rubber trial, presentation yields of forage were low (<1000 kg/ha) due to low light transmission. High stocking rates (>6 sheep/ha) resulted in a decrease in the proportion of palatable species, namely Pueraria phaseoloides, Paspalum conjugatum, Asystasia gangetica and Mikania micrantha and an increase in the proportion of the less palatable species such as Calopogonium caeruleum and Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum.Daily liveweight gains ranged from 100 g/lamb per day at 4 sheep/ha to 70 g/lamb per day at 14 sheep/ha in the immature rubber trial. Only the lowest stocking rate of 2 sheep/ha was continuously sustainable in the mature rubber trial. The estimated maximum liveweight gain that could be achieved under immature rubber was 266 kg/ha per year at a stocking rate of 13·2 sheep/ha.

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON CULTIVARS OF FIELD PEAS IN MANITOBA AND ITS EFFECTS ON PEA GROWTH AND YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Soroka ◽  
P.A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Yield Responses

AbstractPopulations of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled through the summer of 1984 on five cultivars and in 1985 and 1986 on six cultivars of field peas, Pisum sativum L., grown in field plots in southern Manitoba. Patterns of pea aphid population growth were generally similar among cultivars in any one year. Aphid populations on all cultivars in all years remained relatively low until mid-July, then increased rapidly, peaked at about the beginning of August, and declined sharply to low levels in late August. At the time of peak aphid numbers, significant differences in aphid population densities were found among cultivars in 2 years; the lowest densities were found on the cultivars Century and Tipu, and the highest densities on Triumph or Trapper. Pea aphid feeding was not detrimental to any yield parameters except 1000 seed weight. In 1984 Triumph and Tara, and in 1985 Triumph had significantly decreased 1000 seed weights in plots in which aphid densities were not controlled. Differences in the abundance of the aphid among cultivars were not reflected in their yield responses. Over 3 years the regression line of aphid densities upon Century seed weight was significantly steeper than those of Trapper, Lenca, or Tara. Trapper was least affected by aphid feeding. Results indicated that the economic threshold of pea aphids on peas other than Century needs to be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON NEPENTHES AT BARITO ULU, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Heath Forest ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Ecological studies on the Nepenthes species at Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia were conducted between August 2005 and September 2006. Surveys and two small plot inventories were used to determine the diversity and population of Nepenthes at the study site. We found eight Nepenthes species around the BaritoUlu study area: N. albomarginata, N. ampullaria, N. gracilis, N. hirsuta, N. rafflesiana, N. reinwardtiana, N. stenophylla, and N. hispida. Plot A was dominated by N. rafflesiana with one other species found; whilst in plot B we found five species but it was also dominated by N. rafflesiana. In plot A, the one year stem length growth rate of N. albomarginata was faster than N. rafflesiana (5.0 and 3.5 cm respectively). While in plot B, N. gracilis (21.7 cm) and N. reinwardtiana (13.1 cm) showed faster growth rates than N. albomarginata (5.2 cm), N. rafflesiana (7.0 cm) and N. stenophylla (8.5 cm). Generally, the habitat of Nepenthes in the study site is heath forest.

scholarly journals SEMI-HYDROPONIC CULTIVATION AS A SELECTION TOOL FOR ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN FORAGE GRASSES

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
Gustavo André Colombo ◽  
Aurélio Vaz-de-Melo ◽  
Gilberto Coutinho Machado Filho ◽  
André Silva de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Constant Improvement

The constant improvement of selection methods is necessary in order to optimize efficiency of breeding programs for aluminum tolerance. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish a vase volume to the ideal semi-hydroponic cultivation of forage grasses subjected to stress by aluminum in nutrient solution. The experimental design completely randomized, with four replicates, each replicate consisting of one plant per vase. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design 4x5, being the first factor consists of four genotypes of forage grasses Brachiaria Humidicola; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã; Panicum maximum cv. Massai and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) and the second consisting of five separate volumes plastics vases where seedlings were grown (0.2; 0.25; 0.3; 0.35 and 0.4 dm³). The grasses grown in a semi-hydroponics system irrigated with nutrient solution rich in aluminum (3 mg L-1). Was measured plant height, dry weight of aereal part and root length. The semi-hydroponic cultivation in aluminum increased nutrient solution is effective in differentiation of forage grasses genotypes in relation to aluminum tolerance. Pots volumes near 0.3 dm3 promote greater development for root and aerial part attributes in forage grasses grown in nutrient solution with aluminum toxicity.

scholarly journals Flujos de metano en suelos con coberturas de pastos en el norte de Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-309
Author(s):  
Manuel Espinosa Carvajal ◽  
Jose Luis Contreras Santos ◽  
Jorge Cadena Torres ◽  
Judith Del Carmen Martínez Atencia ◽  
Camilo Ignacio Jaramillo Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Del Rio

Introducción. Los sistemas tradicionales de producción ganadera en Colombia se basan en el establecimiento de pasturas en grandes extensiones de tierra, que generan gases de efecto invernadero, como el metano. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue vigilar los flujos mensuales de metano que se producen en las praderas con tres cubiertas de suelo y tres niveles de fertilización de nitrógeno. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un monitoreo a los flujos de metano durante un año comprendido entre noviembre de 2014 y noviembre de 2015, en un suelo Vertic Endoaquepts, ubicado en el Valle medio del río Sinú, Colombia. Se usó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, en arreglo en parcelas divididas, con dos repeticiones. Las parcelas principales constituidas por dos gramíneas (Brachiaria humidicola CIAT679 y Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) y una con suelo descubierto, y las subparcelas por tres niveles de fertilización nitrogenada (0, 150, 300 kg N ha-1). Adicionalmente, se evaluaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo. Resultados. Durante la mayor parte del año (época de lluvias y seca) ocurrió oxidación de metano, asociado con la textura franca y porosidad del suelo en el área de estudio, que permitió la difusión libre de gases en el suelo. Los análisis de correlación mostraron estrecha relación entre los flujos de metano, porosidad, humedad, densidad aparente del suelo y la temperatura ambiente, sugiriendo a estos parámetros como los principales factores que afectan el flujo mensual de metano. Conclusiones. Los flujos de metano fueron independientes del tipo material vegetal y de la fertilización nitrogenada evaluada. Estos flujos dependieron de la época del año (seca y lluviosa) y exhibieron un balance anual negativo en el área de estudio, lo que sugiere que estos sistemas tienen las condiciones para comportarse como sumideros de metano durante la mayor parte del año.

scholarly journals Produção e valor nutritivo de dez gramíneas forrageiras na região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilio Viega Soares Filho ◽  
Luis Roberto De Andrade Rodrigues ◽  
Silvia Helena Venturoli Perri
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha

Avaliaram-se a produção e o valor nutritivo da forragem das seguintes espécies: Cynodon spp (Tifton 68, Tifton 78, Tifton 85, Florakirk, Florico e Florona), Paspalum notatum (Tifton 9), Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu) e Panicum maximum (Tanzânia) na região de Araçatuba, Estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. A produção de massa seca (PMS) acumulada não diferiu entre as espécies forrageiras. Teores mais elevados de PB (125 a 145 g . kg-1) foram observados nos cultivares do gênero Cynodon na estação das águas. Teores mais elevados de FDN foram observados nos capins dos gêneros Cynodon e Paspalum na estação das águas e seca. Os valores de DIVMS variaram de 436 a 699 g . kg-1, sendo o menor valor observado no capim-Tifton 9, na estação das águas, e o maior valor no capim-Tifton 68, na época da seca. A diferença estacional na PMS foi mais pronunciada no capim-Tifton 85, que apresentou somente 9% da produção anual na estação seca

scholarly journals Biomass yield and energy efficiency of willow depending on cultivar, harvesting frequency and planting density

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Kulig ◽  
Edward Gacek ◽  
Roman Wojciechowski ◽  
Andrzej Oleksy ◽  
Marek Kołodziejczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Full Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

The study aimed at comparing the yield of dry biomass and energy efficiency of 22 willow cultivars depending on the harvesting frequency and variable plant density. The field experiment was established in 2010. The willow cultivars were planted in two densities; 13 300 and 32 500 plants per ha. Among the compared cultivars in the second year (2013) of full production, high yield of dry matter was obtained from cvs. Tordis (33.1 t/ha/year), Inger (30.4 t/ha/year) and Klara (29.0 t/ha/year). After six years of cultivation, the highest aboveground dry matter was given by cvs. Tora (27.4 t/ha/year) and Tordis (27.0 t/ha/year). The gross calorific value of willow biomass ranged from 15.2–20.1 GJ/t dry weight. Greater energy efficiency (329.3 GJ/ha/year) occurred in willow cultivars collected in a two-year cycle than in the one-year cycle (286.4 GJ/ha/year). In the two-year cycle collected in the third year after planting, energy efficiency was greater (379.5 GJ/ha/year) than in the two-year cycle harvested in the sixth year after planting (279.15 GJ/ha/year). The initial slower growth of biomass does not determine plant yielding.

Nutritional values for 17 subtropical grasses

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Milford
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Natural Pasture

The nutritional values of 17 subtropical grasses have been compared with the use of crude protein content, crude protein digestibility, nitrogen balance, dry matter intake, and dry matter digestibility as criteria. Under the experimental conditions at the Cooper Laboratory, differences in nutritional values were obtained between individual subtropical grasses, the main differences being in digestible C.P. contents and in dry matter intakes. When mature and frost-affected grasses were fed to sheep, Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 11826) and Cenchrus ciliaris (West Australian strain) had the highest nutritional values, and were superior to Panicum maximum var. trichoglume, Cenchrus ciliaris (C.P.I. 6934), Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 2741), and Urochloa pullulans. These four were, in turn, better than Chloris gayana (commercial strain) and Paspalum commersonii. All grasses tested had higher nutritional values than mature natural pasture. All grasses which were fed to sheep at a young leafy stage of growth had high nutritional values. Those with the best performances at this stage were Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 11826 and C.P.I. 2741), Panicum maximum var. trichoglume, and Paspahm commersonii. Limited data are presented on the nutritional values of Paspalum notatum (four strains), Paspalum malacophyllum, Panicum minus, Panicum coloratum, and Pennisetum purpureum.

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