Infant and early childhood mortality in the Sine-Saloum region of Senegal

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard I. Goldberg ◽  
Fara G. M'bodji

SummaryUsing data from a 1982–83 survey, infant and early childhood mortality are investigated in a large rural region of Senegal. Because of evidence of under-reporting of early mortality an adjustment factor was applied to the data. Infant mortality was estimated to be about 113 deaths per 1000 live births. Childhood mortality was very high relative to infant mortality. Some noteworthy differentials in mortality between geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups were recorded. It was estimated that diarrhoeal and respiratory diseases accounted for about one-half of reported deaths. Tetanus was an important cause of death during infancy. Measles and malaria were important causes only after the first birthday.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ekholuenetale ◽  
Amadou Barrow

Abstract Background Breastfeeding practices and their impact on infant health and survival are unquestionably of global interest. The aim of this study was to examine the link between breastfeeding initiation within one hour of birth, breastfeeding duration and childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods This study used data from the Demographic and Health Survey, which was conducted in 35 Sub-Saharan African countries between 2008 and 2017. Early initiation and duration of breastfeeding, food consumption indices, and infant mortality were all important variables. Analysis used percentage, median/interquartile range, and regression models (logistic, linear, Cox). Results Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after birth was lowest in Chad (23.0%) and highest in Burundi (85.0%). The pooled median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months. Female children had 3% significant lower odds of consuming tinned, powdered or fresh milk, compared with male children (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94, 0.99). Conversely, female children were more likely to be put to breast within one hour after birth, compared with male children (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05). Results from the pooled sample showed approximately 20% (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67, 0.96) and 21% (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.77, 0.80) reduction in infant mortality for children breastfed within one hour after birth and for every unit increase in the months of breastfeeding respectively. In addition, countries with the leading infant mortality rate include; Sierra Leone (92 deaths per 1000 live births), Chad (72 deaths per 1000 live births), Nigeria (69 deaths per 1000 live births), Cote d’ Ivoire (68 deaths per 1000 live births), Guinea (67 deaths per 1000 live births), Burkina-Faso (65 deaths per 1000 live births) and Mozambique (64 deaths per 1000 live births) respectively. Conclusions The findings from this study underscores the need for early breastfeeding initiation and prolong breastfeeding to be considered in programmes on improving childhood survival. Efforts should be made to improve optimal breastfeeding practices as only about half of children in the pooled sample had best practices of breastfeeding.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin Afifah ◽  
Novianti Novianti ◽  
Suparmi Suparmi ◽  
Kemal Nazaruddin Siregar ◽  
Nurillah Amaliah ◽  
...  

Abstract Age-Specific Death Rate (ASDR) cases of maternal death are highest in the adolescent group (<20 years). Adolescent pregnancy is a risky pregnancy, so it is necessary to deliver at health facilities.   A complication of pregnancy in adolescents is also at risk of childhood mortality. The study aims to assess the access of pregnant adolescents with complications to delivery facilities and the relation with the survival of the child. This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The unit of analysis of live births five years preceding survey, and mother's age birth before 35 years (14,634 live births). There are 2 dependent variables: access to delivery services (skill birth attendant and health facilities); and survival of the child (neonatal, infant and under-five mortality). Interest variables is multiple high-risk category, a combination of morbidity status (complications during pregnancy) and age adolescents (<20 years) compared adults (20-34 years). Covariate variables are parity and characteristics (mother’s education, residence and wealth index). Statistical test with logistic regression, 95%CI. All pregnancies with complications were significant association with neonatal and infant mortality. Specifically adolescent pregnancy with complications is also significantly associated with under-five mortality. In adolescents with pregnancy complications had OR neonatal mortality=7.4, OR infant mortality=4.56 and OR infant mortality=3.73, compared with adults pregnant without complication. Pregnancies ages 20-34 with complications having neonatal OR=1.95 and OR infant mortality=1.64. Pregnant adolescents are significantly associated with facilities of delivery (OR<1). The conclusions are: the access of adolescents with pregnancy complications to childbirth at the health facility is still low; adolescent pregnancy with complications is significantly related to childhood mortality and the highest risk of neonatal mortality. ABSTRAK  Age Spesific Death Rate (ASDR) kasus kematian maternal tertinggi pada kelompok remaja (<20 tahun). Kehamilan pada usia remaja merupakan kehamilan berrisiko, sehingga mereka perlu akses ke fasilitas persalinan yang aman. Kehamilan dengan komplikasi pada remaja juga berisiko terhadap kematian anaknya. Tujuan studi untuk menilai akses remaja yang hamil dengan komplikasi terhadap pelayanan persalinan dan mengetahui status kelangsungan hidup anaknya. Studi ini merupakan analisis data sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017. Unit analisis adalah kelahiran hidup periode lima tahun sebelum survey dan saat dilahirkan usia ibu belum mencapai 35 tahun (14.634 kelahiran hidup). Variabel dependen yang diteliti ada 2: akses ke pelayanan persalinan (tenaga kesehatan dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan); dan kelangsungan hidup anak (kematian: neonatal, bayi, dan balita). Variabel interes adalah status ganda yaitu kombinasi status komplikasi kehamilan dan umur risiko remaja dibandingkan umur tidak berisiko (20-34 tahun). Variabel kovariat: paritas dan karakteristik (pendidikan, tempat tinggal dan indeks kekayaan). Uji statistik dengan regresi logistik, 95%CI. Semua kehamilan dengan komplikasi berhubungan signifikan dengan kematian neonatal dan bayi bila dibandingkan dengan kehamilan usia 20-34 tanpa komplikasi. Khusus kehamilan remaja dengan komplikasi juga berhubungan signifikan dengan kematian balita. Pada remaja dengan komplikasi kehamilan mempunyai OR kematian neonatal=7,4, OR kematian bayi=4,56 dan OR kematian balita=3,73. Kehamilan usia 20-34 dengan komplikasi mempunyai OR neonatal=1,95 dan OR kematian bayi=1,64. Remaja hamil berhubungan signifikan dengan persalinan di fasyankes (OR<1). Kesimpulan studi ini adalah akses remaja dengan kehamilan komplikasi terhadap persalinan di fasyankes masih rendah. Kehamilan remaja dengan komplikasi berhubungan signifikan dengan kematian anak, dan risiko paling tinggi terhadap kematian neonatus.   


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Lopes Filho ◽  
Luiz Sinésio Silva Neto

Apesar do constante declínio, a mortalidade infantil no Brasil ainda é considerada alta quando comparada com países desenvolvidos. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste na identificação da relação causal entre escolaridade materna e mortalidade infantil no estado do Tocantins durante o período de 2010 a 2015, comparando os resultados obtidos com estudos conduzido sem outras localidades. Afim disso foi feito um estudo epidemiológico observacional, com resultados lançando mão de estatística descritiva, a partir de dados retirados do DATASUS, precisamente do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Obteve-se como resultado uma Mortalidade Infantil (MI) de 14,22 óbitos a cada 1000 nascidos vivos (%ₒ NV). O filho de uma mãe sem nenhuma escolaridade tem 19,60 vezes mais chances de ir a óbito que o filho de uma mãe que estudou de 8 a 11 anos, e 31,97 vezes mais chances de falecer que o filho de uma mãe que estudou 12 anos ou mais. Apenas no ano de 2011 ocorreu de a MI relacionada a mães de maior escolaridade ser maior que a MI oriunda de mães com menor escolaridade. Assim como nos demais estudos presentes na literatura uma escolaridade materna maior ou igual a 8 anos foi considerada fator de proteção contra a MI, o que pode ser explicado, dentre outros motivos, pela importância de temas relacionados à higiene e saúde, orientados pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN), serem abordados desde os primeiros anos da educação regular no Brasil. Sendo assim, é imprescindível que políticas públicas de educação e saúde se complementem, melhorando os respectivos indicadores e consequentemente dando segurança e dignidade à população.   Palavras-chave: Mortalidade Infantil; Escolaridade; Fatores de Risco; Sistemas de Informação. ABSTRACT Although the constant decline, in Brazil, the infant mortality rates are still considered high when compared with developed countries. The present study aims to identify the causal relationship between maternal schoolirity and infant mortality on the state of Tocantins during the period between 2010 and 2015, comparing the obtained results with studies conducted on other locations. For this purpose, an observational epidemiological study has been carried out. The results were managed with descriptive statistics, using data acquired from DATASUS, more precisely from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) and the Information System on Mortality (SIM). As a result, an Infant Mortality rate (IM) of 14,22 deaths per 1000 live births (%ₒ LB) has been found. The child of a mother with no schoolirity is 19,60 times more likely to die than the that of a mother who has studied from 8 to 11 years, and 31,97 times more likely to die than the infant of a mother that has studied 12 years or more. Only in 2011, we found that a higher IM was observed in children from mothers with higher schoolirity instead of those with a lower one. As in other studies in the literature, a maternal schoolirity equal to or greater than 8 years has been considered a protection factor against IM, which could be explained, among other reasons, to the importance of elements related to hygiene and health, guided by the National Curricular Parameters (NCP), to be approached from the earliest years of regular education in Brazil. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the public policies of education and health to complement each other, leading to the improvement of both indicators and, consequently, providing security and dignity to the population. Keywords: Infant Mortality; Educational Status; Risk Factors; Information Systems.


Author(s):  
Donalben Onome Eke ◽  
Friday Ewere

Nigeria’s efforts aimed at reducing avoidable child deaths have been met with gradual and sustained progress. Despite the decline in childhood mortality in Nigeria in the last two decades, its prevalence still remain high in comparison to the global standard of mortality for children under the age of five which stands at 25 deaths per 1000 live births. Knowledge of the chances of Nigeria achieving this goal for childhood mortality will aid proper interventions needed to reduce the occurrence. Therefore, this paper employed the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for time series analysis to make forecast of under-five mortality in Nigeria up to 2030 using data obtained from the United Nation’s Inter Agency Group for Childhood Mortality Estimate (UN-IGME). The ARIMA (2, 1, 1) model predicted a reduction of up to 37.3% by 2030 at 95% confidence interval. Results from the study also showed that a reduction of over 300% in under-five mortality is required for Nigeria to be able to achieve the SDG goal for under-five mortality.


1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
Rafiquel Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Ruhul Amin

SummaryInfant and child mortality levels and trends in Bangladesh are examined using data from the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey. Both infant and child mortality declined from the mid 1970s but infant mortality declined more quickly. The level of infant mortality in 1989 was around 100 per 1000 live births while child mortality (5q) was 200 per 1000 live births. Life table analysis confirms the change in infant and child mortality.The decline in infant mortality is attributed to the introduction of improved public health measures and access to maternal and child health services.


2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Afifah ◽  
Ninuk Dwi Ariningtyas ◽  
Gina Noor Djalilah ◽  
Muhammad Anas

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants indicate infant morbidity and infant mortality rates. In Indonesia, the infant mortality rate is still very high, with 32 deaths per 1 000 live births. The purpose of this study is to prove a relationship between maternal age and parity with LBW infants.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 259-261
Author(s):  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Rajni K. Gurmule

Vasavaleha is one of the best medicine given for respiratory diseases. Corona viruses typically affect the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as coughing, fever and shortness of breath. It also affects host immune system of human body. Spreading rate of this disease is very high. Whole world is seeking for the treatment which can uproots this diseases. There in no vaccine available till date against this pandemic disease. Ayurveda mainly focuses on prevention of diseases alongwith its total cure. Rajyakshma Vyadhi is MadhyamMarga Roga as per Ayurveda. It shows many symptoms such as Kasa, Shwasa etc. By overall view of Covid 19, shows its resemblance with Rajyakshma Vyadhi described in Ayurveda. Vasavaleha is a Kalpa which is described in Rogadhikara of Rajyakshma. It shows Kasahara, Shwashara properties. It consists of Vasa, Pipalli, Madhu and Goghrita. These components shows actions like bronchodilation, antitussive effect and many more other actions. Pipalli shows important Rasayana effect. So in present review, we have tried to focus on role of Vasavaleha in the management of Covid 19. This can be used as preventive as well as adjuvant medication in treating Covid 19. There is need of further clinical research to rule of exact action of Vasavaleha against Covid 19.


2019 ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Victor Amar

The chances of success of the internship in early childhood education, which takes place in the third degree, are very high. However, there may be circumstances that may befall the teacher-training student, which in a way turn the formative experience into a pretext for personal and professional growth. In order to know and understand its practice, we use narrative methodology. It is the most suitable way we have found to share his voice, giving him epistemological authority and being a pretext to improve from his experience. Her words lead us to understand that she wants to be a teacher, and that she learns in any situation, even though her tutor is in a context and with a very particular reality. The conclusion is in continuous construction as the student has learned, disapproved and reappeared with the practice; from being a student of practice to becoming one in practice.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Zhang ◽  
Kristina Sayler ◽  
Sarah Hartman ◽  
Jay Belsky

Abstract Here we evaluate whether infant difficult temperament (6 months) functions as a vulnerability or more general plasticity factor when investigating effects of early-childhood parenting (8–42 months) on both positive and negative early-adolescent socioemotional development (age 8–11 years). Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 14,541) and a re-parameterized model-testing approach to distinguish alternative person × environment conceptual models, results indicated that temperament × parenting interacted in predicting externalizing (i.e., hyperactivity, conduct problems), but not other behavior (i.e., emotional symptoms, peer problems), in a (weak) differential susceptibility manner. While more and less supportive parenting predicted, respectively, fewer and more behavior problems, it did so more strongly for children who were more difficult as infants.


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