PARENTAL AND SIBLING MIGRATION AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG RURAL CHILDREN IN CHINA

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
MING WEN ◽  
KELIN LI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Prospective Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Health And Nutrition

SummaryThis study examines the associations between parental and sibling rural-to-urban migration and blood pressure (BP) of rural left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. Analysis was based on the 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2009 waves of longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which is an ongoing prospective survey covering nine provinces with an individual-level response rate of 88%. Blood pressure levels were measured by trained examiners at three consecutive times on the same visit and the means of three measurements were used as the final BP values. An ordinal BP measure was then created using a recently validated age–sex-specified distribution for Chinese children and adolescents, distinguishing normal BP, pre-hypertension and hypertension. Random effect modelling was performed. Different migration circumstances play different roles in LBC's BP with mother-only and both-parent migration being particularly detrimental and father-only and sibling-only migration either having no association or a negative association with LBC's BP levels or odds of high BP. In conclusion, the link between family migration and left-behind children's blood pressure is complex, and depends on who is the person out-migrating.

scholarly journals Migration decisions of parents and the nutrition intakes of children left at home in rural China

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ning ◽  
H.-H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
At Home

Using an individual-level dataset drawn from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2009, this paper investigated whether the parental labour migration is associated with deficiencies in the nutrition intakes of children left at home in the rural area. The results show that the parental migration increases the probability of deficiency in the energy and protein intake of children left at home. Although several studies have pointed out that the parental remittances can increase the economic well-being of their children at home, this study points to an undesired cost of the parental migration. Governments should establish effective policies to promote the benefits of migration while minimizing the potential costs. In particular, specific social welfare programs targeting on children in the rural area can be designed to insecure the nutritional health of children left at home in the rural area.  

scholarly journals SEPARATED KIN: RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND MENTAL HEALTH TRAJECTORIES OF OLDER ADULTS LEFT BEHIND IN RURAL CHINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S880-S880
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As the processes of urbanization and globalization have intensified across the world, a burgeoning literature has documented the impact of emigration on the health of family members left behind in emigrant communities. Although the association between children’s migration and parental well-being is well documented, few have examined the health implications of children’s migration in the milieu of multiple children and further differentiated between children’s short-term and long-term migration. Therefore, I argue that it is not the geographic locality of a single child but the composition of all children’s location that matters. I further suggest that the impact of children’s migration on parental wellbeing is conditioned on the duration of children’s migration. Using a six waves longitudinal data (2001-2015) collected in rural China, this paper compares mental health (measured as depressive symptoms) trajectories of old adults (aged 60 and older) across different compositions of local and migrant children over a 14-year span. Results from growth curve models show that parents having more migrant children relative to local children experience a more rapid increase in depressive symptoms. In addition, older adults who have their most children migrate away for three or more waves of data have experienced the steepest rate of increase in depressive symptoms. These findings provide new evidence to support the life course processes of mental health disparities among older adults from the perspective of intergenerational proximity.

scholarly journals The Visceral Adipose Index in Relation to Incidence of Hypertension in Chinese Adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Yong Xue ◽  
Qun Shen ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Zijian Dai ◽  
Tingchao He
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Hypertension is the most crucial single contributor to global burden of disease and mortality, while weight loss as a non-pharmacological strategy is recommended to reduce blood pressure. This study aims to examine the association between visceral adipose index (VAI) and hypertension in Chinese adults. Data were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), consisting of 8374 apparently healthy participants aged ≥18 years in the 2009 CHNS for cross-sectional analysis, and 4275 participants at entry from 2009 to 2011 for cohort analysis. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipid were measured. Information of population characteristics, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet were determined by validated questionnaire. Higher VAI scores were significantly associated with higher BP levels and higher risk of hypertension after adjustment with potential confounders (all p-trend < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio of hypertension was 1.526 (95%CI: 1.194, 1.952; p-trend < 0.01) for participants in the highest quartile of VAI scores when compared with those in the lowest quartile after adjustment for age, physical activity, antihypertensive medication, total energy intake, salt intake, and other major lifestyle factors. VAI scores were significantly, longitudinally associated with hypertension development among apparently healthy Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Associated factors with awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among 3,579 hypertensive adults in China: data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
junxiang Wei ◽  
Bo Xin ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Youfa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hypertension Awareness ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Hypertension prevalence is high and rising in China, but it is inadequately controlled. This study investigated hypertension awareness, treatment, and control and their associated factors among Chinese adults. Methods: Data collected from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 12,991 Chinese adults were used. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, self-reported prior diagnosed hypertension, or taking antihypertensive medications. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control were defined as a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension, current use of antihypertensive medication, and blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control. Results: Overall, 3,579 (27.6%) of the CHNS adult participants had hypertension, of whom 55.7% were aware of their diagnosis, 46.5% were treated with antihypertensive medications, but only 20.3% had their blood pressure controlled. Rates of hypertension awareness and treatment varied across population subgroups; higher likelihood was associated with being female (OR = 1.37; 95%CI, 1.12-1.66), older age (1.57; 1.65-4.02), urban residence (1.50; 1.14-1.97), living in the Eastern region (1.52; 1.14-2.01), having overweight/obesity (1.99; 1.39-2.84), and engaging in less healthy lifestyles. Lower control rate was associated with obesity (0.56; 0.42-0.76) and minority ethnicity (0.52; 0.31-0.86). Conclusion: Hypertension is a major public health burden in China. Rates of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control are still low despite efforts that have been made. More intensive screening and treatment intervention programs are needed in the future.

scholarly journals Analysis of Chinese Children’s Nutrition Health Situation and Influencing Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Li Yi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
Height For Age

Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), this paper analyses that height for age (HAZ) of children from urban area is higher than that of those from rural areas on average and the height varies among rural children. Gender also has similar impact on children’s height, namely, HAZ of girls is lower than that of boys. In addition, only children has better nutrition health than others and living with parents or not has great impact on children’s nutrition health as well.

scholarly journals Occupational Physical Activity and New-Onset Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinqin Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Shaojie Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Panpan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Onset

The association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and the risk of hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the prospective relations of OPA and new-onset hypertension among Chinese males and females. A total of 9350 adults who were free of hypertension at baseline were enrolled from the CHNS study (China Health and Nutrition Survey). Data on OPA were obtained by using self-reported questionnaires and calculated as metabolic equivalent task (MET)–hours per week. MET–hours per week may account for both intensity and time spent on activities. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. During a median of 6.1 years (82 410 person-years) of follow-up, a total of 2949 participants developed hypertension. Overall, there was a L-shaped association between the OPA and new-onset hypertension in males and a U-shaped association in females (all P values for nonlinearity <0.001). Accordingly, when OPA was categorized as four groups (<80, 80–<160, 160–<240, and ≥240 metabolic MET–hours per week), in males, the risk of new-onset hypertension was significantly increased only among participants with OPA <80 MET–hours per week; however, in females, the lowest risk of new-onset hypertension was found among those with OPA 80 to 240 MET–hours per week. In summary, moderate OPA, in terms of both duration and intensity, is associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension among both males and females, whereas heavy OPA was related to increased risk of new-onset hypertension in females.

scholarly journals The Association between Parental Migration and Early Childhood Nutrition of Left-behind Children in Rural China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifeng Shi ◽  
Jingxu Zhang ◽  
Yufeng Du ◽  
Chunxia Zhao ◽  
Xiaona Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Early Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Migrant Parents

Abstract Background: More than one-third of children under 3 years old are left behind at home due to parental migration in rural China, and we know very little about early childhood nutrition of left-behind children (LBC) because of the dearth of research. This study examined the association between parental migration and early childhood nutrition of LBC in rural China. Methods: We used repeated cross-sectional data of rural children aged 6–35 months who participated in two surveys in six counties of northern and southern China in 2013 and 2016 respectively. The length, weight, and hemoglobin concentration were measured by trained health‑care workers blinded to parental migration status. Stunting, underweight, wasting, and anemia were identified with the standards recommended by WHO. Generalized linear regressions and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to explore the association between parental migration and these nutritional outcomes at each time point. Results: 2,336 and 2,210 children aged 6–35 months were enrolled in 2013 and 2016, respectively. The results show a reduction of the risks of stunting, underweight, and wasting from 2013 (16.4%, 8.5%, and 3.5%, respectively) to 2016 (12.1%, 4.0%, and 1.5%, respectively) but highlight a constantly and alarmingly high risk of anemia among these children (44.8% in 2013 and 43.8% in 2016). Children with migrant fathers performed as well as or better than those with non-migrants on these indicators. Children with migrant parents performed slightly worse in 2013, but equal or slightly superior in 2016 on these indicators compared with children with non-migrants and migrant fathers. Children aged 6–17 months with migrant parents had a significantly lower risk of anemia than those living with their mothers or with both parents (43.1% vs . 63.6% and 61.5 in 2013, and 42.5 vs . 60.1% and 66.2% in 2016), even after controlling for children’s sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions: Parental migration may be not detrimental and even beneficial to early childhood nutrition of LBC in rural China. Continued nutritional support is needed for all rural children, especially interventions for preventing micronutrient deficiency. Programs for LBC are recommended to continue to focus on nutrition but pay more attention to other important health issues.

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