scholarly journals Occupational Physical Activity and New-Onset Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinqin Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Shaojie Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Panpan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Onset

The association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and the risk of hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the prospective relations of OPA and new-onset hypertension among Chinese males and females. A total of 9350 adults who were free of hypertension at baseline were enrolled from the CHNS study (China Health and Nutrition Survey). Data on OPA were obtained by using self-reported questionnaires and calculated as metabolic equivalent task (MET)–hours per week. MET–hours per week may account for both intensity and time spent on activities. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. During a median of 6.1 years (82 410 person-years) of follow-up, a total of 2949 participants developed hypertension. Overall, there was a L-shaped association between the OPA and new-onset hypertension in males and a U-shaped association in females (all P values for nonlinearity <0.001). Accordingly, when OPA was categorized as four groups (<80, 80–<160, 160–<240, and ≥240 metabolic MET–hours per week), in males, the risk of new-onset hypertension was significantly increased only among participants with OPA <80 MET–hours per week; however, in females, the lowest risk of new-onset hypertension was found among those with OPA 80 to 240 MET–hours per week. In summary, moderate OPA, in terms of both duration and intensity, is associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension among both males and females, whereas heavy OPA was related to increased risk of new-onset hypertension in females.

scholarly journals Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and New-Onset Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinqin Li ◽  
Chengzhang Liu ◽  
Shaojie Zhang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
New Onset

The association between carbohydrate intake and the risk of hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the prospective relations of the amount and type of carbohydrate intake with new-onset hypertension. A total of 12 177 adults who were free of hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. A total of 4269 subjects developed hypertension during 95 157 person-years of follow-up. Overall, there was a U-shaped association between the percentage energy consumed from total carbohydrate (mean, 56.7%; SD, 10.7) and new-onset hypertension ( P for nonlinearity <0.001), with the lowest risk observed at 50% to 55% carbohydrate intake. The increased risks were mainly found in those with lower intake of high-quality carbohydrate (mean, 6.4%; SD, 5.6) or higher intake of low-quality carbohydrate (mean, 47.0%; SD, 13.0). Moreover, there was an inverse association between the plant-based low-carbohydrate scores for low-quality carbohydrate and new-onset hypertension. However, there was a U-shaped association between the animal-based low-carbohydrate scores for low-quality carbohydrate and new-onset hypertension ( P for nonlinearity <0.001). In summary, both high and low percentages of carbohydrate diets were associated with increased risk of new-onset hypertension, with minimal risk at 50% to 55% carbohydrate intake. Our findings support the intake of high-quality carbohydrate, and the substitution of plant-based products for low-quality carbohydrate for prevention of hypertension.

scholarly journals Associations of Carbohydrate Intake With New-Onset Hypertension Subtypes: Results From the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2000–2011)

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Fen Qi ◽  
Ya-Jing Cao ◽  
Hui-Jun Wang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Diastolic Hypertension ◽  
New Onset

Background: The effects of carbohydrate intake on hypertension (HTN) subtypes are scarce. We examined the association of carbohydrate intake with new-onset HTN subtypes in Chinese adults.Methods: Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2000–2011, 22,418 individuals were recorded using a 24-h recall method over three consecutive days. We excluded those who were pregnant women, lactating mothers, age &lt;18 years, baseline age, blood pressure, and energy intake deficiency, extreme energy intake (male &gt; 6,000 kcal or &lt; 800 kcal; female &gt; 4,000 kcal or &lt; 600 kcal), and pulse pressure difference (Systolic Blood Pressure [SBP] - Diastolic Blood Pressure [DBP]) &lt;10 mm Hg, HTN at baseline and data from only one survey. The total number of subjects who participated in at least two surveys was 7,930. The main outcome was new-onset HTN subtypes over 6.9 person years of follow-up.Results: 2,521 participants were found to be HTN, which included 1,318 males (52.3%), 1,203 females (47.7%), 721 had systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH, 28.6%), 655 had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH, 26.0%), and 993 had isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH, 39.4%). Compared with extreme quintiles of carbohydrate, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for new-onset HTN, SDH, ISH and IDH associated with carbohydrate intake were 1.12 (0.97–1.30), 1.54 (1.18–2.00), 0.89 (0.67–1.19) and 1.15 (0.91–1.45), respectively. The HR of SDH compared with extreme quintiles of carbohydrates was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.08–2.25; Ptrend = 0.04) in men and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.02–2.26; Ptrend = 0.02) in women.Conclusion: Carbohydrates were related to a higher risk of SDH, which were not observed with HTN, ISH, and IDH.

scholarly journals Inverse Association Between Riboflavin Intake and New-Onset Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1709-1716
Author(s):  
Mengyi Liu ◽  
Chun Zhou ◽  
Zhuxian Zhang ◽  
Qinqin Li ◽  
Panpan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Household Food Inventory ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
New Onset

The prospective relation of dietary riboflavin intake with hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary riboflavin intake with new-onset hypertension and examine possible effect modifiers in general population. A total of 12 245 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. A total of 4303 (35.1%) subjects developed hypertension during 95 573 person-years of follow-up. Overall, there was a nonlinear, inverse association between total, plant-based, or animal-based riboflavin intake and new-onset hypertension (all P for nonlinearity, <0.001). The risk of new-onset hypertension was increased only in participants with relatively lower riboflavin intake. Accordingly, a significantly lower risk of new-onset hypertension was found in participants in quartiles 2 to 4 of total riboflavin intake (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68–0.80]), plant-derived riboflavin intake (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.71–0.84]), or animal-derived riboflavin intake (hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65–0.77]), compared with those in quartile 1. In addition, the association between total riboflavin intake and new-onset hypertension was particularly evident in those with lower dietary sodium/potassium intake ratio ( P interaction, <0.001). In summary, there was an inverse association between riboflavin intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults. Our results emphasized the importance of maintaining relatively higher riboflavin intake levels for the prevention of hypertension.

U-shaped Association Between Dietary Zinc Intake and New-onset Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan He ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Mengyi Liu ◽  
Zhuxian Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Household Food Inventory ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Aims We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary zinc intake with new-onset diabetes among Chinese adults. Materials and Methods A total of 16 257 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, or fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, or glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5% during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset diabetes. Results A total of 1097 participants developed new-onset diabetes during a median follow-up duration of 9.0 years. Overall, the association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes followed a U-shape (P for nonlinearity &lt; 0.001). The risk of new-onset diabetes was significantly lower in participants with zinc intake &lt; 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.88), and higher in those with zinc intake ≥ 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13). Consistently, when dietary zinc intake was assessed as deciles, compared with those in deciles 2-8 (8.9 -&lt;12.2 mg/day), the risk of new-onset diabetes was higher for decile 1 (&lt;8.9 mg/day: HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62), and deciles 9 to 10 (≥12.2 mg/day: HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.38-1.90). Similar U-shaped relations were found for plant-derived or animal-derived zinc intake with new-onset diabetes (all P for nonlinearity &lt; 0.001). Conclusions There was a U-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at about 9.1 mg/day.

scholarly journals Long-term BMI change trajectories in Chinese adults and its association with the hazard of type 2 diabetes: evidence from a 20-year China Health and Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000879
Author(s):  
Baibing Mi ◽  
Chenlu Wu ◽  
Xiangyu Gao ◽  
Wentao Wu ◽  
Jiaoyang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Change Trajectories ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionTo investigate the relationship between long-term change trajectory in body mass index (BMI) and the hazard of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults.Research design and methodsData were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Type 2 diabetes was reported by participants themselves in each survey wave. The duration of follow-up was defined as the period from the first visit to the first time self-reported type 2 diabetes, death, or other loss to follow-up from CHNS. The patterns of change trajectories in BMI were derived by latent class trajectory analysis method. The Fine and Gray regression model was used to estimate HRs with corresponding 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes.ResultsFour patterns of the trajectories of change in BMI were identified among Chinese adults, 42.7% of participants had stable BMI change, 40.8% for moderate BMI gain, 8.9% for substantial BMI gain and 7.7% for weight loss. During the follow-up with mean 11.2 years (158 637 person-years contributed by 14 185 participants), 498 people with type 2 diabetes (3.7%) occurred. Risk of type 2 diabetes was increased by 47% among people who gained BMI more substantially and rapidly (HR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.02, p=0.016) and increased by 20% among those in people with the moderate BMI gain (HR: 1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.48, p=0.078), compared with those with stable BMI change.ConclusionsLong-term substantial gain of BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese adults.

scholarly journals The Visceral Adipose Index in Relation to Incidence of Hypertension in Chinese Adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Yong Xue ◽  
Qun Shen ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Zijian Dai ◽  
Tingchao He
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Hypertension is the most crucial single contributor to global burden of disease and mortality, while weight loss as a non-pharmacological strategy is recommended to reduce blood pressure. This study aims to examine the association between visceral adipose index (VAI) and hypertension in Chinese adults. Data were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), consisting of 8374 apparently healthy participants aged ≥18 years in the 2009 CHNS for cross-sectional analysis, and 4275 participants at entry from 2009 to 2011 for cohort analysis. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), and blood lipid were measured. Information of population characteristics, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet were determined by validated questionnaire. Higher VAI scores were significantly associated with higher BP levels and higher risk of hypertension after adjustment with potential confounders (all p-trend < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio of hypertension was 1.526 (95%CI: 1.194, 1.952; p-trend < 0.01) for participants in the highest quartile of VAI scores when compared with those in the lowest quartile after adjustment for age, physical activity, antihypertensive medication, total energy intake, salt intake, and other major lifestyle factors. VAI scores were significantly, longitudinally associated with hypertension development among apparently healthy Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Effects of Physical Activity on Controlling Blood Pressure Among Hypertensive Patients at the Region of Prizren

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Nderim Rizanaj ◽  
Agron Bytyqi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Blood Pressure Targets ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aim: To describe the effect of physical activity on controlling blood pressure among hypertensive patients at Region of Prizren. Method: A sample of 101 patients diagnosed with hypertension in the region of Prizren, which were randomly selected from those hypertensive patients who visited the Main Family Medicine Centre and Private ambulance “Nderimed” for their regular follow up. A structured questionnaire (Life Style Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale) with questions on different characteristics was administered. In terms of gender composition there were 41 men and 49 women, aged between 45 and 74 years old. Result: Among our sample just 7.8% reported that they make physical activity regularly. 68% of the sample reported that they engaged less than one hour per week in some kind of activity and their motivation to do so was also weak, just half of them report that they want to lose in weight. When participants were asked how many hours they move by walk or bike, with 0 hours reported 69%. Conclusion: The increased risk of physical inactivity in controlling hypertension in this study suggests that general practitioners must be in the habit of prescribing practice of physical exercise and patients are followed up regularly to confirm that they are adhering to the management plan and the blood pressure targets are being met.

scholarly journals Serum Uric Acid Might Be Positively Associated With Hypertension in Chinese Adults: An Analysis of the China Health and Nutrition Survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingdong Han ◽  
Kaidi Han ◽  
Xinxin Han ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
Hong Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Background: Previous studies have clarified the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension; most of previous studies suggest that elevated uric acid levels are associated with an increased risk of hypertension, while in China, there are relatively few studies to explore above association. The objective of this longitudinal study is to investigate the correlation of SUA and hypertension in Chinese adults with a nationwide large-scale sample.Methods: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009, 2011, and 2016 were used; a total of 8,469 participants (3,973 men and 4,496 women) were involved. This study was conducted separately by gender. Clinical characteristics of the participants among different uric acid groups are compared. The binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between SUA and hypertension. Restricted cubic spline analysis with three knots of the SUA concentration were used to characterize the dose-response relationship. Additionally, we compared the incidence of hypertension in the different baseline uric acid groups during follow-up in 2011 and 2015.Results: After the covariates were fully adjusted, we found that elevated uric acid levels were correlated with increased risk of hypertension in both males (p &lt; 0.01) and females (p &lt; 0.01). With 2-year or 6-year of follow-up, we found participants with higher baseline uric acid levels had a higher incidence of hypertension (p &lt; 0.01). In stratified analysis by obesity, above relationship remained significant in nonobesity population (males: p &lt; 0.05, females: p &lt; 0.01) and became nonsignificant in obesity people. In stratified analysis by age, above positively correlation remained significant in middle-aged men (p &lt; 0.05) and elderly women (p &lt; 0.01). Restricted cubic spline revealed the dose-response relationship between SUA and hypertension; we also found that above relationship was much stronger in females.Conclusion: This study suggests that elevated SUA levels might be positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension in general Chinese adults.

Abstract P089: Early CVD Events by Race and Sex: Does Risk for Atherothrombotic- and Hypertension-related Events Differ by Race and Sex? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
Catarina I Kiefe ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
David C Goff ◽  
James M Shikany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

African Americans (AA), both men (M) and women (W), have higher CVD mortality rates than European Americans (E), but AAM have lower prevalence of coronary calcified plaque than WM. AAs also have higher blood pressure (BP) and HDL-C than W; HDL-C is lower in M than W. We tested the hypotheses that AA race is related to higher risk of hypertension (HTN)-related events, and being male is related to higher risk of atherothrombotic (ATH)-related events, placing AAM at particularly high risk for CVD. Methods: We used baseline risk factor data, and adjudicated events through 28 years of follow-up from the CARDIA study which recruited 5,115 participants aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-6). ATH-related events included acute coronary syndrome with or without MI, coronary revascularization, and CHD and other atherosclerosis death. HTN-related events included heart failure, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), stroke, and death due to cardiomyopathy. CVD events excluded ESRD and included peripheral artery disease procedures. We analyzed time to first event censoring at death without incident CVD and at follow-up end. We built adjusted Cox models with forward selection including race, sex, age, education, and smoking status as forced predictors and selecting among physical activity, anthropometry, glycemia, lipid, and blood pressure risk factors. Results: In unadjusted analyses, risk of HTN-related events was related to race (p<0.01) but not sex (p=0.35), ATH-related events to sex (P<0.01) but not race (p=0.44), and CVD events to race (p<0.01) and sex (P<0.01). Unadjusted, all risk factors were associated with both HTN- and ATH-related events, except physical activity was not related to ATH and CVD events. After adjustment (table), AAM had higher risk of HTN- and ATH-related events, EM had higher risk of ATH-related events, AAW had higher risk of HTN-related events, and all had higher risk of CVD events than EW. Conclusion: Race and sex are differentially associated with early HTN- vs ATH-related events, and AAM were at increased risk for both.

Step-Defined Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged Japanese: The National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1117-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Inoue ◽  
Yumiko Ohya ◽  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike ◽  
Teruichi Shimomitsu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Background:Pedometers are becoming widely accepted for physical activity measurement. To use step data effectively, an index which categorizes steps/day by < 5000, ≥ 5000, ≥ 7500, ≥ 10,000, and ≥ 12,500 steps/day has been previously proposed. However, evidence is insufficient to validate this index compared with health outcomes. This study examined the association of steps/day categories with cardiovascular (CVD) risk.Methods:Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006, including 1166 men and 1453 women aged 40–64 years, were analyzed to calculate odds ratios (OR) for having CVD risk including overweight/obesity, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and clustered risk factors by steps/day categories.Results:Among men, inverse gradient associations between steps/day categories and CVD risk (overweight/obesity, blood pressure, HbA1c, and clustered risk factors) were observed. Among women, those taking ≥ 5000 steps/day had substantially lower risk of overweight/obesity and high blood pressure compared with those taking < 5000 steps/day. However, additional decreases of OR by taking more steps were modest among women.Conclusions:CVD risk was generally lower with higher steps/day categories. Given the limitations of cross-sectional design, further studies, especially using longitudinal designs, are needed to precisely calibrate the association between steps/day and CVD risk.

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