Further studies on unrestricted whey for fattening pigs including the effect of omitting antibiotic from the diet during the later stages of fattening

1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
A. S. Cray ◽  
A. Franke ◽  
P. H. Sedgwick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Meal Feeding ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Experimental Pigs ◽  
Effect On Growth

1. Results are reported of an experiment with fattening pigs carried out under commercial conditions, to obtain further information on the comparison of all-meal feeding with meal plus unrestricted amounts of whey. In addition, the effect of omitting the antibiotic, oxytetracycline, from the diet during the latter half of the fattening period was investigated.2. There were four treatments. (i) Meal only ad lib. up to a daily maximum of 6 lb./pig, with oxytetracycline included in the diet for the whole fattening period. (ii) As (i) but oxytetracycline included in the diet only up to an average pen live weight of 130 lb. (iii) 3 lb. meal reduced to 2 lb./pig/day by 13 weeks of age plus unrestricted amounts of whey with oxytetracycline included in the basal meal for the whole fattening period. (iv) As (iii) but oxytetracycline included in the diet only up to an average pen live weight of 130 lb.There were five pens of nine group-fed pigs on each treatment, involving a total of 180 pigs. The pigs were on experiment from approximately 8 weeks of age to bacon weight. Comprehensive carcass measurements were made on all pigs.3. The meal plus whey-fed pigs grew significantly slower and utilized their food significantly less efficiently than those fed meal only. They also had a significantly lower dressing percentage, but longer and less fat carcasses than the all-meal fed animals. The results are discussed in relation to those obtained in earlier experiments completed under similar conditions at the Cow and Gate farm.4. Comparison of the efficiency of food utilization results of the all-meal and meal plus whey-fed pigs showed that 1 gal. of whey replaced approximately 0·7 lb. of meal.5. The results showed that omission of antibiotic from the diet of either the all-meal or meal plus whey-fed pigs after they reached 130 lb. live weight, had no significant effect on growth rate, efficiency of food utilization or any carcass measurements of the pigs.We wish to thank the Director of Messrs C. and G. Prideaux, Ltd., Bacon Curers, Motcombe, Shaftesbury, Dorset, for permission to take carcass measurements of the experimental pigs, and we are greatly indebted to Messrs K. Lawrence and P. Prideaux who most conscientiously took these measurements.

Comparison of different levels of all-meal feeding for fattening pigs

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
A. S. Cray ◽  
A. Franke ◽  
P. H. Sedgwick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Meal Feeding ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Carcass Measurement ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Different Levels

1. Results are reported of an experiment carried out under commercial conditions to obtain information on the effect of four different levels of allmeal feeding on the performance and carcass grading results of fattening pigs.2. There were four treatments. All pigs were given the same meal mixtures and were fed dry and ad lib. up to four different daily maximums, namely, 6½, 6, 5½ and 5 lb. meal/pig/day. There were five pens of nine group-fed pigs on each treatment, involving a total of 180 pigs. The pigs were on experiment from approximately 8 weeks of age to bacon weight. Comprehensive carcass measurements were made on all pigs.3. The results showed that as the level of feeding was decreased, the growth rate of the pigs, back fat thickness and belly thickness were reduced, and the depth and breadth of eye muscle were increased, while the efficiency of food utilization, carcass dressing percentage and carcass length were not markedly affected. Commercial grading results similarly improved as the level of feeding was reduced.4. It was concluded that under the conditions prevailing, the maximum daily meal allowance should be of the order of 5½ lb./pig in order to obtain relatively satisfactory carcass grading.5. Subdivision of the carcass measurement and commercial grading data according to sex of pig showed that in general at each level of feeding the carcasses of the female pigs were superior to those of the male animals.The possibilities of segregating pigs according to sex during fattening as a means whereby undue retardation in the growth rate of the females might be prevented without adversely affecting their carcass grading, was discussed.

The influence of the disinfection method on the growth rate of fattening pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
D. Geletiy ◽  
A. Solovykh ◽  
A. Ovchinnikov ◽  
M. Glushchenko ◽  
F. Vladimirov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Fattening Pigs

The purpose of this research was to study the growth rate of pigs at different stages of fattening and the dependence of this parameter on the methods of final disinfection of premises in industrial pig farms. The final disinfection of the premises has been performed with using a highpressure cleaner (wet method) and a hot fogger (aerosol method). In order to measure the growth rate individual weighing of animals has been performed when the start stage, after 30, 60 and 90 days. The researches have been carried out on the basis of the pig-breeding farm APC Mashkino (village of Industria) on 52 heads pigs of French selection, the age of which was 73 days when staged. Animals of the control group during the fattening period have been housed in the premise prepared according to the technology established in the farm (final disinfection was performed using a high-pressure cleaner). Animals of the experimental group entered the premise the final disinfection in which was performed by aerosol method (using the hot fog generator). The working solution of the disinfectant has been prepared according to the instruction the concentration of the working solution was in accordance with the chosen method of final disinfection of the premises. It has been found aerosol method of final disinfection to increase average daily gain in the first fattening period (0–30 days) by 132 g/day, live weight by 7.84 kg. During the fattening period the growth rate of pigs changed unevenly. The fi rst (0–30 days) and the second (30–60 days) fattening stages have been characterized by the increase in the average daily gain, at the third (60–90 days) stage the decrease in the growth rate has been observed. It has been found according to the researches the use of aerosols for final disinfection have the positive influence on the growth rate of pigs during the first fattening period.

705. A comparison of dried skim-milk and white fish meal as protein supplements for fattening pigs: II. On all-meal feeding under commercial conditions

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
Pamela M. Clarke ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
A. S. Cray ◽  
A. Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Meal Feeding ◽  
Experiment Individual ◽  
Fattening Pigs

1. Results are reported of an experiment carried out under commercial conditions to obtain information on the comparative value of dried skim-milk and white fish meal as protein supplements for fattening pigs.2. There were four treatments. Control pigs (i) received a meal mixture containing 10% white fish meal, reduced to 7% from 130 lb. live weight. In the other experimental groups, the fish meal was replaced by dried skim-milk, (ii) on a weight for weight basis, (iv) on a protein basis and (iii) intermediate between (ii) and (iv). All pigs were fed the meal dry and ad lib. up to a maximum of 6½ lb./head daily. Unrestricted water was available.There were five pens of nine group-fed pigs on each treatment, involving a total of 180 pigs. The pigs were on experiment from approximately 10 weeks of age to bacon weight. Comprehensive carcass measurements were made on all the pigs.3. The results showed that a significantly better rate of growth was obtained when the white fish meal was replaced by dried skim-milk on a weight for weight basis. Increasing the percentage of skim-milk in the diet up to 15% resulted in a slightly better performance of the pigs, but no further improvement was obtained by raising the level of skim-milk to 20%. These results were discussed in relation to an apparent set-back that the control pigs suffered at the start of the experimental period.4. The inclusion of dried skim-milk in the diet had an adverse effect on the carcass grading, particularly in so far as it resulted in a thicker layer of back fat over the loin as compared with that in the control pigs.5. There was also some indication that the carcasses from the animals given dried skim-milk had slightly thicker bellies and a smaller breadth of eye muscle than the carcasses of the control animals that received fish meal.6. The results have been compared with those of an earlier trial, which was in most details the same as that reported here, the main difference being that in the earlier experiment individual feeding and one breed of pig were used.

THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND AGE OF MALE AT CASTRATION ON GROWTH AND CARCASS QUALITY OF YORKSHIRE SWINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Charette
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effects of sex and age of castration of males on growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in bacon type swine were measured using 16 pigs each as gilts, entire boars, and boars castrated at birth, 6, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age. Castration at 20 weeks was too late since some pigs reached 200 pounds live weight before that age. Boars consumed less feed daily than barrows and gilts, were thinner in loin fat, and yielded a higher percentage of shoulder than gilts. The carcasses of boars and gilts were longer, had less fat covering over the shoulder and back, a larger area of loin, and a higher iodine number than those castrated late. Acceptability tests showed that sex or age of castration did not affect the flavour, odour, or tenderness of the meat.Purebred breeders can delay castration for better selection of boars without any serious effect on growth, physical carcass characteristics, and feed requirements. Although the market discriminates against boars, it appears questionable whether castration is necessary when boars are slaughtered at 200 pounds before they reach the age of 150 days.

scholarly journals The effect of functional bioproduct on growth and preservation of quails

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Elena Sergeevna Volobueva ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Gneush ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Aniskina ◽  
Alexander Ivanovich Petenko ◽  
Natalya Alexandrovna Yurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Positive Effect

The effectiveness of the application of functional feed additives, in particular biological products, in the cultivation of poultry is shown. We have developed functional biological products No. 1 and No. 2 based on perlite and propionic acid microorganisms and azotobacter bacteria, and studying their effect on the change in growth rate and preservation of young quails for fattening at a dose of 2.0% by weight of feed. According to the results of the experiment, it was established that the best result compared with the control was provided by the additive (No. 1) based on propionic acid microorganisms and perlite (an increase in the average daily increase in live weight of quails by 21.0%). The use of bioproduct number 2 provided the growth rate of poultry, in comparison with the control, by 20.2% Also, feeding of symbiotic supplement No. 2 in the amount of 2.0% ensured 100% survival of young poultry, and supplements based on propionic acid microorganisms and perlite — 98.0%, which is 6.0 and 4.0% higher than the benchmark. The results show that both bioproducts have a positive effect on the growth and preservation of quails and are recommended as supplements to the complete feed throughout the fattening period.

scholarly journals Straw or hay as environmental improvement and its effect on behaviour and production traits of fattening pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jordan ◽  
S. Žgur ◽  
G. Gorjanc ◽  
I. Štuhec
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Abstract. Fattening pigs are commonly kept in intensive housing systems with slatted floor which represent a very barren environment, causing poor animal welfare. To improve such conditions a small amount of straw or hay (100 g per animal per day laid daily in a rack) was used in our study as an environmental enrichment (EE). Two replications, each including 96 fattening pigs of both sexes (3 pens of 16 females and 3 pens of 16 male castrates) from 60 kg to slaughter at average 96 kg live weight, were used to test the effect of EE and sex on behaviour, growth rate, and carcass composition. EE significantly increased the proportion of total activity during the illumination period (between 6 a. m. and 2 p. m.) on account of increased occupation with substrate (P<0.01). EE also significantly reduced time spent biting pen bars and frequency of aggressive encounters (P<0.01). The EE increased total activity in female animals during the observation period, but not in male castrates. None of the EE significantly influenced pigs‘ growth rate and lean meat percentage; however females in enriched environment grew slower and had greater lean meat percentage than the castrated males. Provision of a small amount of straw or hay to pigs in intensive housing systems can enrich barren environment in inexpensive and efficient way. Therefore such enrichment can be widely used also in large commercial pig production systems.

The value of Australian sorghum for fattening pigs

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
K. L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Fattening Pigs

1. At two centres, Hillsborough and Shinfield, forty-eight pigs in four groups were fattened on rations containing Australian sorghum. The control ration consisted of 30%, wheatfeed, 30% barley meal, 30% maize meal and 10% fish meal. In the three experimental rations either barley meal or maize meal or both were replaced by sorghum.2. The rations containing 30% of sorghum proved to be equal to the control ration as far as live-weight gain of the pigs and the efficiency with which they utilized food was concerned. When 60% of the ration consisted of sorghum there were indications that both rate of gain and food utilization suffered.3. Some aspects of carcass quality suffered when either sorghum alone or sorghum plus maize formed 60% of the ration. The quality of the control carcasses, although quite good by present-day standards, would not qualify for first grade when commercial grading is re-introduced.4. Bacon produced on rations containing up to 60% sorghum had no off-taste or unpleasant flavour.5. In general, the value of sorghum in the ration of fattening pigs was found to be about equal to that of maize.

The value of electrically warmed floors for fattening pigs

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
R. S. Barber ◽  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Floor Surface ◽  
Fattening Pigs

1. Three experiments are described in which the value of electrically warmed floors for fattening pigs, aged 9 weeks or more at the start of the trials, was determined.2. Under the conditions of the experiments, no benefit was obtained either in live-weight gain or efficiency of food utilization by the provision of artificial floor warming.3. Data relating to the effect on floor surface temperatures of ambient inside temperature, electrical warming, provision of straw and the pigs themselves were presented.

scholarly journals The effect of different pre-mixtures in nutrition of fatteners

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Branislav Zivkovic ◽  
W. Migdal ◽  
O. Kosovac ◽  
C. Radovic ◽  
S. Pejcic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Private Farm

We have been witnesses to import of numerous premixes produced by various producers and of different quality in regard to concentration of ingredients which are their main components. In our previous studies (Zivkovic et al., 2010) we obtained results confirming that in use of domestic premix more economically efficient production is realized in nutrition of sows and piglets, so this research was carried out with objective to verify the effects of several different imported premixes and those produced according to domestic concept, in nutrition of growing-fattening pigs. Research was performed on private farm in the vicinity of Sabac in Serbia. Nutrition of fattening pigs using mixture which contained adequate premix of domestic production improved the growth rate by 7.6% without any significant difference in food conversion. Cost of feed when domestic premixes were used in nutrition of fattening pigs was by 4.1% lower and value of realized pigs by approx. 4.51% more favourable when domestic premixes were used in nutrition of investigated animals. Dressing percentage of pigs on domestic premixes was higher by 2.0%, and there was no difference in meatiness between compared groups of animals in the experiment. In general, obtained results showed that use of both types of compared premixes can be recommended, but it is more economically efficient to use domestic premixes in nutrition of fattening pigs.

Comparison of Fattening, Slaughtering and Carcass Characteristics of Different Genotype Lambs Grown in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Yaralı
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Fattening Performance ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fattening Period

In this study, it was aimed to determine the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs of Eþme Kývýrcýðý (EKIV), Bursa Kývýrcýðý (BKIV), Çine Çaparý (CC) and Karya (KAR) sheeps. A total of 37 male lambs at the age of 3.5 months formed the animal material. Fattening period is 56 days. During slaughtering, head, feet, skin, liver, hot carcass weights were determined and hot carcass yield was calculated. Each carcass was cut out into 7 parts. The overall average of daily weight gain was 144.82 g. While the highest daily live weight gain was observed in the KAR, the CC had the lowest value. The total share of the rump, shoulders, back and arms are 57.65%, 66.85%, 65.80% and 67.12% for CC, EKIV, KAR and BKIV, respectively. The effect of the genotype on all the characteristics other than cooling loss is important. In terms of dressing percentage value, the ranking was CC, BKIV, KAR and EKIV from the highest to the lowest.

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