Effects of thermal industrial processing on acid-soluble nucleotides of milk

1982 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Gil ◽  
Fermin Sanchez-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Bulk Milk

SUMMARYCommercial bulk milk contained, in its acid-soluble nucleotide fraction, small quantities of CMP and AMP as well as a high proportion of orotate (503±16 μg/g of total solids). These components were altered by thermal treatment during processing. Standard sterilization and spray drying of milk lowered significantly the CMP, AMP, and orotate concentrations. HTST pasteurization caused a slight decrease in CMP and AMP concentrations, but the orotate content remained unchanged. The UHT sterilization seemed to be the thermal treatment in which the acid-soluble nucleotides of milk underwent least change. It is therefore concluded that the decrease in concentration of the nucleotides of milk is more directly related to the time for which the milk remains at the processing temperature than to the temperature itself.

scholarly journals A multilevel investigation supported by multivariate analysis for tomato product formulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Boukid ◽  
Elena Curti ◽  
Agoura Diantom ◽  
Eleonora Carini ◽  
Elena Vittadini
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Mobile Populations ◽  
Product Formulation ◽  
Tomato Product ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIndustrial processing of tomato includes its cutting and mincing, thermal treatments, and the addition of ingredients, which might induce changes in physicochemical properties of the final products. In this frame, the impact of texturing/thickening [xanthan gum (X) or potato fiber (F)] on the macroscopic, mesoscopic and molecular properties of tomato double concentrate (TDC) was investigated to determine if F can efficiently substitute X, in association with small solutes (sugar and salt) and thermal treatment (cold and hot). At a macroscopic level, multivariate statistics (MANOVA) underlined that color change (ΔE) was increased by X and F addition contrary to heating and the addition of salt and sugar. MANOVA revealed that texture was greatly enhanced through the use of F over X. 1H NMR molecular mobility changes were more controlled by texturing agents (F and X) than thermal treatment and small solutes. Particularly F increased the more rigid population indicating stronger interaction with water molecules resulting in shear-thinning flow. However, adding X contributed into the increase of the dynamic and mobile populations. Therefore, F can be a valid “clean label” substitute of X in modulating tomato products properties.

Study of Interlayer Spacing Collapse During Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite Melt Intercalation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1707-1713
Author(s):  
Samira Benali ◽  
Sophie Peeterbroeck ◽  
Jérôme Larrieu ◽  
Fabrice Laffineur ◽  
Jean-Jacques Pireaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melt Intercalation

The influence of the chemical structure of alkylammonium organo-modifying montmorillonite clays on the ability to form nanocomposites by melt blending, depending on the processing temperature and the organoclay thermal treatment, has been investigated. On one side chlorinated polyethylene/Cloisite®30B (nano)composite has been prepared by melt intercalation at 175 °C and its wide angle X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that the peak characteristic of the interlayer spacing of the organoclay was shifted to lower d-spacing, indicating a collapse of the organoclay structure. On the other side, (nano)composites based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/Cloisite®30B have been prepared by melt intercalation at 140 °C. At this temperature, exfoliation was observed with the as-received organoclay while the same organo-modified clay, simply dried at 180 °C for 2 hours, induced again the formation of a composite with a collapsed structure. The effect of the Cloisite®30B thermal treatment on the morphology and mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate–based (nano)composites was investigated using wide angle X-ray diffraction and tensile tests. In order to shed some light on the origin of this clay interlayer collapse, organoclay modified with various ammonium cations bearing long alkyl chains with different amounts of unsaturations were studied using wide angle X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after thermal treatment at 180 °C for 2 hours. Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of all organoclays was also investigated. The layers collapse effect is discussed depending upon the level of unsatured hydrocarbon present in the organic surfactant.

Iodine Content of Dairy Milk in France in 1983 and 1984

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. AUMONT ◽  
F. LE QUERREC ◽  
M. LAMAND ◽  
J. C. TRESSOL
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Milk

Iodine concentrations were determined in 848 samples of milk from tanks of 537 dairy factories collected in 1983 and 1984 during winter and summer. Industrial processing, like pasteurization, UHT sterilization and spray-drying, had no effect on iodine concentrations. Of the samples of bovine milk, 94.7% ranged between 10 to 250 μg/kg. Iodine in bovine milk averaged 97 and 93 μg/kg in the winter of 1983 and 1984, and 44 and 23 μg/kg in the summer of 1983 and 1984. The frequency of iodine concentrations above the 500 μg/kg limit was 0.5% in 1983 and 0.3% in 1984. Iodine in ovine milk varied from 116 to 1183 μg/kg. Of the ovine milk samples 53.3% were above 500 μg/kg. Thus the iodine content of milk, is not yet a health problem in France.

scholarly journals Characterization of fecal sludge as biomass feedstock for thermal treatment in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Viswa Barani ◽  
Meghan Hegarty-Craver ◽  
Praveen Rosario ◽  
Prakash Madhavan ◽  
Prasanna Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Indian State

Background: Transformative sanitation technologies aim to treat fecal sludge (FS) by thermal processes and recover resources from it. There is a paucity of data describing the relevant properties of FS as viable feedstock for thermal treatment in major geographical target areas, such as India. Methods: This study characterized FS collected from septic tanks in two cities located in the Indian southern state of Tamil Nadu. FS samples were obtained at the point of discharge from trucks in Tiruppur (n=85 samples) and Coimbatore (n=50 samples). Additionally, biosolids obtained from sewage treatment plants (STP) in the cities of Coimbatore and Madurai were characterized. Total solids (TS) were measured, and proximate and ultimate analysis were conducted according to methods used by the fuel industry. Additionally, the ash content was analyzed for heavy metal using standard methods. Results: The average higher heating value (HHV) across all FS samples in Tiruppur (13.4 MJ/kg) was significantly higher than in Coimbatore (5.4 MJ/kg), which was partially attributed to the high ash content of 69% in the latter samples.  The HHV of the biosolids samples ranged from 10 to 12.2 MJ/Kg. The average total solids (TS) content for FS was 3.3% and 2.0% for Tiruppur and Coimbatore respectively, while the median TS content for the two cities was 2.3% and 1.2%. The heavy metal content of the ash was found to be below the thresholds for land disposal. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies that has systematically characterized the calorific and mineral content of septage and biosolids in several cities in India. We expect these data to serve as input data in the design of thermal processes for fecal sludge treatment.

Thermal Modification of Wood in Production of Finishing Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigul Ravilevna Shaikhutdinova ◽  
Ruslan R. Safin ◽  
Farida V. Nazipova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

The ways of wood thermal treatment applied in Russia and abroad and the scopes of thermo wood as a construction material are considered in the article. The technology of thermal treatment of high moisture wood with moisture content of 60% in the environment of saturated steam without preliminary drying, developed by authors, is described. The results of the research of the color scale change of oak wood depending on the processing temperature and treatment duration, and also the influence of thermal treatment on the main mechanical properties of thermally modified wood as the finishing material, in particular on the Ra and Rz roughness parameters are presented. As a result of the conducted research the improvement of final physic mechanical and esthetic characteristics of the material after the processing of wood under this technology is proven.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of steviol glycosides (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) by a spray drying method – Evaluation of encapsulated products and prepared syrups

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charikleia Chranioti ◽  
Sofia Chanioti ◽  
Constantina Tzia
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Method Evaluation ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

The aim of this study was to encapsulate the steviol glycosides (SGs), derived from Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni leaves, by applying a spray-drying method. The purpose was to minimize the bitter aftertaste of the SGs as well as to ameliorate/improve their properties. The encapsulation agents used were maltodextrin (19 DE) and inulin in a ratio of 80 : 20, while three levels of SGs in total solids (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 %) were studied. The encapsulated SGs products were evaluated for their hygroscopicity, solubility, moisture content and microencapsulation efficiency (MEE %). Also, syrups prepared with encapsulated SGs, at 1 % w/v, were tested for their viscosity, refractive index, turbidity and sensory properties. Significant differences (P<0.05)  in MEE %, moisture content, hygroscopicity and solubility values of the encapsulated SGs products were observed depending on the level of SGs in total solids. In particular, the MEE %, the hygroscopicity and the solubility values ranged from 62.36, 82.46 to 94.67 %, 21.51, 26.67 and 24.25 % and 99.93, 97.50 to 96.03 % for encapsulated SGs products produced with 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 % SGs in total solids, respectively. The encapsulated product produced with 2.5 % steviol glycosides in total solids presented the most appealing sensory and quality characteristics.

scholarly journals Adaptability of brazilian beans cultivars to industrial canning

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanderleia Schoeninger ◽  
Silvia Renata Machado Coelho ◽  
Priscila Zaczuk Bassinello ◽  
Naimara Vieira do Prado ◽  
Tábata Zingano Bischoff Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Current Alternative ◽  
Sterilization Process ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACT: A current alternative for meeting the modern consumer’s beans food demands is the industrial processing. This study evaluated the adaptability of eight Brazilian beans cultivars to industrial canning from commercial class cultivars of Carioca and of Black beans. The grains were processed in an industry sector using metallic cans with a capacity of 420 g, where the samples were conditioned without previous hydration. The cooking and sterilization process took place in a rotating autoclave. Quality parameters were evaluated in the canned beans. As a result, it was verified that, for the Carioca class, the Estilo cultivar differs from the rest of the genetic materials in terms of its low drained weight, which contributes to the increase in the total solids in the sauce, which have low hardness values. Estilo cultivar is not suitable for the type of processing used in this experiment. For the Black class, similar quality characteristics were observed between Esplendor and Uirapuru and between Esteio and Campeiro cultivars, where the latter stands out due to its lower damaged bean indices after processing. Finally, with the information present in this paper we intend to contribute to future researches on this subject and thereby increase the consumption and exportation of beans as processed product.

X-Ray Diffraction Evaluation of the Average Number of Layers in Thermal Reduced Graphene Powder for Supercapacitor Nanomaterial

2019 ◽  
Vol 958 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quezia de Aguiar Cardoso ◽  
Julio César Serafim Casini ◽  
Luzinete Pereira Barbosa ◽  
Marilene Morelli Serna ◽  
Eguiberto Galego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Number Of Layers

Graphene oxide (GO) can be partially reduced to graphene-like sheets by removing the oxygen-containing groups and recovering the conjugated structure. In this work, the thermal reduction of GO powder has been carried out using back pumping vacuum pressures and investigated employing X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results of estimating the number of graphene layers on the reduced powder at various temperatures (200 – 1000 °C) have been reported. Electrical changes have been produced in a graphene oxide with the vacuum reduction process. This study has shown that the ideal processing temperature for reducing graphene oxide nanomaterial was about 400 °C. It has also been shown that at 600 °C the number of layers in the reduced nanomaterial increased. The internal series equivalent resistance (ESR) has been improved substantially with the vacuum thermal treatment even at temperatures above 400 °C. ESR was reduced from 95.0 to about 13.8 Ω cm2 with this processing. These results showed that the process can be applied to the reduction of graphene oxide to produce supercapacitor nanomaterials. The advantage of employing this method is that the processing is a straightforward and low cost thermal treatment that might be used for large amount of nanocomposite material.

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