scholarly journals Physical, laboratory, and microbiological parameters of mammary gland secretions in postpartum does

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Jefferson Filgueira Alcindo ◽  
Gabriel Isola Braga ◽  
Luis Claudio Nogueira Mendes ◽  
Márcia Marinho ◽  
Francisco Leydson Formiga Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Mastitis is a multifactorial disease whose prevalence is affected by the type of pathogenic agent involved, the constitution of the animal, and environmental conditions. This study evaluated the physical and laboratory characteristics of colostrum from dairy goats in the postpartum period, and the physical characteristics of the mammary glands in the same period. Of the 71 mammary glands evaluated, 12 were positive for bacterial isolates and the most frequent pathogenic agents were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (n = 11). Median somatic cell counts (SCC) in animals positive for bacterial isolates were greater than in animals without bacterial isolates at parturition (696.0 vs. 256.0 x 103 mL –1) and 48 h postpartum (1,350 vs. 437.0 x 103 mL-1). In addition, 34 samples were positive for the California Mastitis Test (CMT; score >1+), indicating a positive relationship between this test and bacterial isolation. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most prevalent pathogenic agents, resulting in increase in SCC. Postpartum changes in mammary secretions were not good predictors of bacterial mastitis. Physical examination of mammary glands did not reveal significant changes for the diagnosis of mastitis in the postpartum period.

scholarly journals The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Kenya

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Ndegwa ◽  
C.M. Mulei ◽  
S.J.M. Munyua
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Apparently Healthy

California mastitis test (CMT), direct leukocytes counts and bacteriological examination were performed on 630 milk samples from apparently healthy mammary glands of dairy goats comprising a mixed population of German Alpine, Toggenberg, Saanen and Galla crosses to find the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 9.8 %according to CMT, 9.7 %according to direct leukocyte counts and 28.7 %by bacterial isolation during a 3-month period. The proportion of the bacteriologically positive milk samples was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that positive for CMTand direct leukocyte counts. There was a significant (P < 0.01) correlation between CMT and direct leukocyte counts. There was no significant direct relationship between bacterial isolation and CMT. Bacterial organisms were isolated in 22.5 % of the 568 CMT-negative milk samples. The results suggest that bacterial organisms isolated from the CMT-negative milk samples were either latent infections or did not stimulate any significant increase in somatic cell counts that could be detected by either the CMT or direct leukocyte counts. The observations of this study indicate that the mere presence of bacteria in goat's milk does not mean that the udder is infected and so does not warrant antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Milk cathelicidin and somatic cell counts in dairy goats along the course of lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Tedde ◽  
Valerio Bronzo ◽  
Giulia Maria Grazia Puggioni ◽  
Claudia Pollera ◽  
Antonio Casula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cell Counts

AbstractThis research communication reports the evaluation of cathelicidin in dairy goat milk for its relationship with the somatic cell count (SCC) and microbial culture results. Considering the limited performances of SCC for mastitis monitoring in goats, there is interest in evaluating alternative diagnostic tools. Cathelicidin is an antimicrobial protein involved in innate immunity of the mammary gland. In this work, half-udder milk was sampled bimonthly from a herd of 37 Alpine goats along an entire lactation and tested with the cathelicidin ELISA together with SCC and bacterial culture. Cathelicidin and SCC showed a strong correlation (r = 0.72; n = 360 milk samples). This was highest in mid-lactation (r = 0.83) and lowest in late lactation (r = 0.61), and was higher in primiparous (0.80, n = 130) than in multiparous goats (0.71, n = 230). Both markers increased with stage of lactation, but cathelicidin increased significantly less than SCC. In addition, peak level in late lactation was lower for cathelicidin (5.05-fold increase) than for SCC (7.64-fold increase). Twenty-one (5.8%) samples were positive to bacteriological culture, 20 for coagulase-negative staphylococci and one for Streptococcus spp.; 18 of them were positive to the cathelicidin ELISA (85.71% sensitivity). Sensitivity of SCC >500 000 and of SCC >1 000 000 cells/ml was lower (71.43 and 23.81%, respectively). Therefore, the high correlation of cathelicidin with SCC during the entire lactation, along with its lower increase in late lactation and good sensitivity in detecting intramammary infection (IMI), indicate a potential for monitoring subclinical mastitis in dairy goats. However, based on this preliminary assessment, specificity should be improved (40.41% for cathelicidin vs. 54.57 and 67.85% for SCC >500 000 and >1 000 000 cells/ml, respectively). Therefore, the application of cathelicidin for detecting goat IMI will require further investigation and optimization, especially concerning the definition of diagnostic thresholds.

scholarly journals Epidemiological studies on subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in northern regions of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIA Begum ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk

A cross sectional study was carried out from June, 2008 to December, 2010 to estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to determine the responsible bacterial pathogens in lactating dairy goats in northern districts of Bangladesh. A total of 292 goats and 584 udder halves milk samples were screened using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was 56.2% (164/292), and in udder half level it was 33.9% (198/584). The subclinical mastitis prevalence at goat level was high (71.6%) in Jamnapari goats as compared to Black Bengal goats (50.2%), whereas at the udder half level, subclinical mastitis prevalence was 45.1% and 29.6% in Jamnapari and Black Bengal goats, respectively. The pathogens isolated from subclinical mastitic milk samples were coagulase negative Staphylococci, Coliforms, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Among these, the most frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococci (28.8%), Coliforms (22.7%) and Streptococcus spp (15.2%). Out of four potential host related risk factors considered, litter size and body condition of goats were found to influence the prevalence rate of subclinical mastitis in goat significantly (p< 0.05). On the other hand, the subclinical mastitis was very significantly (p=0.0001) associated with the housing system of goats, i.e., goats reared in raised floor had a low subclinical mastitis infection rate (35.8%) as compared to reared in earth floor (62.2%). Antibiogram studies were also performed for the bacterial isolates and Gentamicin was found to be the most effective drug.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 112-122, Jan-Dec 2012

Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Swiss organic and conventional production systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Roesch ◽  
Marcus G Doherr ◽  
Walter Schären ◽  
Melchior Schällibaum ◽  
Jürg W Blum
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Conventional Production

The objective was to compare the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SM) and of udder pathogens in 60 Swiss organic (OP) and 60 conventional production systems (CP). Cows (n=970) were studied for SM prevalence and udder pathogens at median 31 d and 102 d post partum. Cows showing a [ges ]1+ positive California Mastitis Test (CMT) in at least one quarter were considered to have SM. Cow-level prevalences of SM for visits at 31 d and 102 d post partum (39% and 40% in OP and 34% and 35% in CP) were similar, but quarter-level prevalences of SM were higher (P<0·02) in OP than CP (15% and 18% in OP and 12% and 15% in CP). Median somatic cell counts in milk at 31 d post partum were higher (P<0·05) in OP than CP cows (43000 and 28000 cells/ml, respectively), but were similar at 102 d post partum in OP and CP cows (45000 and 38000 cells/ml, respectively). In milk samples from quarters showing a CMT reaction [ges ]2+ the prevalences of coagulase negative staphylococci were lower (P<0·05) at 102 d post partum, whereas prevalences of non-agalactiae streptococci were higher (P<0·05) in OP than in CP cows at 31 d and 102 d post partum. In conclusion, under Swiss conditions, subclinical mastitis is a greater problem in organic than in conventional production systems, but differences are not marked.

Outbreak of subclinical mastitis in a flock of dairy goats associated with atypicalStaphylococcus haemolyticus

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Leitner ◽  
Shlom Sela ◽  
Orly Hammer-Muntz ◽  
Doni Zivotofsky ◽  
Limor Weisblit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Staphylococcus haemolyticusis a pathogen frequently isolated from dairy cows and small ruminants. However, it always appears in only a few animals and not as a major pathogen. Recently, in a dairy goat herd of approximately 250 milking animals, 25·6% (46/180 goats) had milk cultures with atypical highly mucoid colonies accompanied by elevated somatic cell counts. The isolates were identified asStaph. haemolyticus. The present study describes the steps used in an attempt to identify the bacterium and to compare it with other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) includingStaph. haemolyticus. Species identification performed with the API STAPH-IDENT 32 kit showed >99·4% identity confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing tests. Microscopically the atypicalStaph. haemolyticusstrains showed unique cuboidal tetrad clusters reminiscent of those of the genusSarcina. The outbreak caused by an atypical CNS underlines the need for accurate biochemical and genetic methods for ultimate identification of CNS to the species level.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mastitis in dairy goat farms in Eastern Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1563-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Gabli ◽  
Zouhir Djerrou ◽  
Abd Elhafid Gabli ◽  
Mounira Bensalem
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Half

Aim: This study aimed to investigate mastitis in dairy goat farms through the California mastitis test (CMT) and bacteriological examinations. Materials and Methods: A total of 845 goats belonging to 18 farms from four regions (Tébessa, Guelma, Souk Ahras, and Skikda) were examined. Results: Clinical examination of the mammary glands showed that 30/845 (3.55%) goats had clinical mastitis and 32 goats had half-teat inflammation. CMT subclinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 815 goats that were presumed to be healthy. CMT showed 46 (5.64%) CMT-positive goats as well as 47 (2.88%) positive half-udders with a score of ≥2. A total of 79 bacteria were isolated and identified from the 79 bacterial positive samples. Bacteriological analyses showed that Gram-positive staphylococci were largely responsible for clinical and SCM. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, with an isolation frequency of 56.96%, were the most prevalent bacteria from all isolated organisms. The second most prevalent organism was Staphylococcus aureus at 40.50% and streptococci (2.53%) had the smallest percentage of isolation. Conclusion: It is suggested that due to the prevalence of mastitis in this species, farmers should be aware of the problem to plan preventive and control measures to reduce dairy goat losses due to this disease.

Relationships between California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell counts in dairy goats

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Perrin ◽  
M.P. Mallereau ◽  
D. Lenfant ◽  
C. Baudry
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Canadian Hospitals: Results of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2008)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 4684-4693 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
Melanie DeCorby ◽  
Heather Adam ◽  
Michael R. Mulvey ◽  
Melissa McCracken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymyxin E ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT A total of 5,282 bacterial isolates obtained between 1 January and 31 December 31 2008, inclusive, from patients in 10 hospitals across Canada as part of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2008) underwent susceptibility testing. The 10 most common organisms, representing 78.8% of all clinical specimens, were as follows: Escherichia coli (21.4%), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; 13.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.0%), coagulase-negative staphylococci/Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.4%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; 5.1%), Haemophilus influenzae (4.1%), Enterococcus spp. (3.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.2%). MRSA comprised 27.0% (272/1,007) of all S. aureus isolates (genotypically, 68.8% of MRSA were health care associated [HA-MRSA] and 27.6% were community associated [CA-MRSA]). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli occurred in 4.9% of E. coli isolates. The CTX-M type was the predominant ESBL, with CTX-M-15 the most prevalent genotype. MRSA demonstrated no resistance to ceftobiprole, daptomycin, linezolid, telavancin, tigecycline, or vancomycin (0.4% intermediate intermediate resistance). E. coli demonstrated no resistance to ertapenem, meropenem, or tigecycline. Resistance rates with P. aeruginosa were as follows: colistin (polymyxin E), 0.8%; amikacin, 3.5%; cefepime, 7.2%; gentamicin, 12.3%; fluoroquinolones, 19.0 to 24.1%; meropenem, 5.6%; piperacillin-tazobactam, 8.0%. A multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype occurred frequently in P. aeruginosa (5.9%) but uncommonly in E. coli (1.2%) and K. pneumoniae (0.9%). In conclusion, E. coli, S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA), P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Enterococcus spp. are the most common isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Canadian hospitals. The prevalence of MRSA was 27.0% (of which genotypically 27.6% were CA-MRSA), while ESBL-producing E. coli occurred in 4.9% of isolates. An MDR phenotype was common in P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Milk of Goats with Subclinical Mastitis in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Precious Mahlangu ◽  
Naomi Maina ◽  
John Kagira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in Thika East Subcounty, Kenya. Further the bacterial pathogens and their antibiogram were investigated. Farm level data on risk factors were obtained from 41 farmers using questionnaires. Milk was obtained from 110 lactating dairy goats and tested for submastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was estimated to be at 50.9% using CMT, out of which 86.5% yielded bacteria on culture. The significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis were cleaning schedule (p=0.022, OD=1.047) and parity of the goat (p=0048, OD=1.37). Higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed for goats residing in houses cleaned at least once a fortnight. Does in the first parity were least affected. 169 bacterial isolates were obtained from culture, of which 52 isolates from major classes of isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic sensitivity to six antibiotics. Fourteen different bacteria were isolated and identified from the milk samples. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (20.7%), Serratia spp. (19.5%), Citrobacter spp. (16%), Klebsiella spp. (11%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%), Enterobacter spp. (6.5%), Escherichia coli (5.9%), Proteus spp. (3%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), Morganella spp. (1.8%), Streptococcus spp. (1.2%), Providencia spp. (0.6%), Micrococcus spp. (0.6%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (0.6%) were isolated and identified from the samples. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, while 98% of the isolates were sensitive to Streptomycin. In conclusion, the study showed that a large proportion of goats were affected by subclinical mastitis, with the main bacteria being Staphylococci spp. and coliforms, and that most of the tested antibiotics can be used in the treatment of mastitis. Farmers need to be trained on improved control of mastitis through adoption of good dairy husbandry and milking practices.

scholarly journals Microbiological analysis and sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. in subclinical mastitis of dairy goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
S.R.S. Salaberry ◽  
A.B.S. Saidenberg ◽  
E. Zuniga ◽  
F.F. Gonsales ◽  
P.A. Melville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

Subclinical mastitis in goats causes economic losses and risks to public health. Given the need for research that shows the most isolated staphylococci species and sensibility tests comparing the resistance between coagulase-negative (CNS) and positive Staphylococcus (CPS) goats with subclinical mastitis, the aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms isolated from milk samples of goats with subclinical mastitis, as well as define the staphylococci species and determine the sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. to antimicrobials. To collect samples, tests were performed for mug of black background and California mastitis test (CMT), collecting milk from CMT positive animals. A total of 226 samples from seven herds of dairy goats was collected and forwarded to the laboratory, where they were seeded for the isolation of the microorganism and implementing the antibiotic sensibility test. Of these, 122 samples had bacterial growth and the most isolated staphylococci species were: S. epidermidis (24.55%), S. lugdunensis (15.40%) and S. intermedius (13.64%). Samples showed increased resistance to antimicrobials: penicillin (81.8%), oxacillin (60.0%) and ampicillin (55.5%). Greater sensitivity to: enrofloxacin (99.1%), erythromycin (98.2%), gentamicin (98.2%) and vancomycin (98.2%) were observed. The S. epidermidis showed higher antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin than S. lugdunensis and S. intermedius. Similar resistance in vitro between CNS and CPS was observed to most antimicrobials. It is important to control the overuse of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.

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