The neural commissural rings of the adult male Schistosoma mansoni

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Withyachumnarnkul ◽  
A. Pongsa-Asawapaiboon ◽  
P. Sobhon ◽  
E. S. Upatham
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Lateral Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nerve Cords

ABSTRACTAdult males of Schistosoma mansoni were preincubated in 5-hydroxtryptamine (5HT) and processed through the glyoxylic acid fluorescence technique to visualize 5HT-containing neural elements. 5HT flourescence was seen as a series of cross-sectional rings beginning behind the ventral sucker toward the tail end. The rings were connected by two lateral nerve cords running longitudinally along the whole lenght of the worms.

scholarly journals Effect of Smoking on FEF 25, FEF 50 & FEF 75 in Adult Male Smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Shamima Akhter ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Md Noor Nabi ◽  
Nahid Yeasmin ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Group B

Introduction:Smoking is most common in East Asia, where two thirds of all adult males smoke tobacco; cigarette smoking is by far the most common. Smoking is the primary cause of chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory symptoms. Many studies have shown significant changes of Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) as FEF 25, FEF 50 and FEF 75 (L/sec) in adult male smokers. Its objective is to assess the change of FEF 25, FEF 50 and FEF 75 (L/sec) in adult male smokers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during the period of July, 2007 to June, 2008. In the present study 30 adult male smokers consuming cigarettes for more than 5 years selected as study group (Group-B) and were matched with 30 adult males who were non-smokers considered as control group (Group-A) for comparison. FEF 25, FEF 50 and FEF 75 (L/sec) were estimated in both Groups. Analysis of data was done with the help of computer by SPSS 12.0 programmer and significant tests were done by unpaired Student’s “t” test. Results: There were statistically significant differences of FEF25, FEF50 and FEF75 (L/sec) in group A vs. group B. Conclusion: From the statistical analysis of the results obtained in the present study and their comparison with those of published reports, it may be concluded that smoking causes significant change of FEF 25, FEF 50 and FEF 75 (L/sec) among the smokers that could be useful in early diagnosis of peripheral airway obstruction. Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(2): 81-84

KNOWLEDGE ON FERTILITY AND INFERTILITY IN ADULT MALES

2015 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Minh Tam Le
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting

Introduction: Male infertility may have a role in half of infertile couples. In many different causes of male infertility, some cases can be prevented if people have the knowledge and practice of proper behavior. In addition, the right understanding of fertility in infertile men keep them in good cooperationwith physicians in treatment process. This study investigated the knowledge of adult male in fertility and infertility. Subjects and methods: cross-sectional descriptive on 500 men aged 18-50 about knowledge of male reproductive physiology and causes of male infertility as well as their attitude when get infertility by prepared questionnaire. Results: adult males who 81.2% got married and 91.1% of them had children. Only 43.6% understood that spermatogenesis in males takes place from puberty to old age, up to 46.4% believed that normal ejaculation means normal fertility ability and some of them even believe that more frequent sexual intercourse means more chance of fertility (30.8%). Only 37.4% of them understood the frequency of sex 2-4 times/week results in the best chance to get pregnant. Only a few know the concept of infertility (14.0%) as well as the current rate of infertility in Vietnam (24.8%). About half the cases agree that infertility can be caused by man or woman with the same proportion (48.8%) and 26.4% believe that couples could not have secondary infertility if they had children before. Regarding the risk factors affecting sperm quality, although some factors are mentioned with high percentage such as alcohol (52.6%), mumps with orchitis (59.6%), genital infections and STDs (61.4%) but almost accounted for around half of cases. Only 47.2% of cases understand that the important role of poor sperm quality causes male infertility. Recognizing that the examination and treatment of infertile need to have both man and woman accounted for only 48.8%. There are still some people who choose only pray (5.2%) or go to traditional healers (4.4%) to wish to have children. Related to the ability of medical intervention for fertility, there are 53.0% believed that infertile people should come to highest level hospitals to be treated and most of them do not know the treatment methods. Conclusion: There are a lots of problems related to understanding on fertility and infertility in adult male and medical staff should do better education and counsels. Sufficient knowledge offers people more opportunities to access and get correct choice in health services, better cooperation with medical personnel in examination, diagnosis of infertility causes and effective treatments. Key words: Fertility, infertility

MITRAL ANNULAR PLANE SYSTOLIC EXCURSION-DERIVED FORMULA TO CALCULATE THE EJECTION FRACTION: A SIMPLE, EASY AND RAPID ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY PARAMETER TO ASSES LEFT VENTRICLE SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Parhi ◽  
Kumar Gaurav Behera
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simpson’S Rule ◽  
Lv Systolic Function ◽  
Simpson's Rule

Aims & Objectives - MAPSE DERIVED EJECTION FRACTION CAN BE USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE CONVENTIONAL ECHOCARDIORAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF EJECION FRACTION IN EVERY DAY CLINICAL PRACTICE WITH PATIENTS WITH LV SYSTOLIC DYSFUNTION & VALIDATION OF MITRAL ANNULAR PLANE SYSTOLIC EXCURSION DERIVED FORMULA TO CALCULATE THE EJECTION FRACTION IN PATIENTS WITH LV SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION EF=4.8XMAPSE(mm)+5.8 in adult male & 4.2X MAPSE(mm)+20 in adult female. Our study is Material and Methodobservational, prospective study with cross sectional data collection done in a period of nov 2018 to nov 2019, The study included 151 adult male and female patients with LV systolic dysfunction fullling all inclusion criteria, LVEF measured by average MAPSE and LVEF measured by visual inspection, M–mode, and modied Simpson's rule was statistically correlated to know the validity of MAPSE derived ejection in case of LVsystolic dysfunction. The current study showed a signicant positive correlation Result - between average MAPSE and EF measured by Mmode (r =0.980, P < 0.001), EF measured by Simpson's rule (r =0.968, P < 0.001), and EF measured by visual inspection(r =0.960, P < 0.001). The mean differences in the EF derived by MAPSE formula between the inter-observer was(-0.14 ± 3.18 ). MAPSE-derived EF using Conclusion - the equation EF = 4.8 × MAPSE (mm) + 5.8 for male and EF = 4.2×MAPSE (mm)+20 for female, is a valid echocardiographic parameter in adult males and females with impaired LV systolic function to asses global LV longitudinal function with minimal interobserver variability.

HAPTEN-RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol

ABSTRACT A hapten-radioimmunoassay for plasma oestradiol is described and information about the reliability of the method is given in detail. Oestradiol-3-hemisuccinate coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin is used for immunization of rabbits. The antiserum utilized for the assay is characterized by its titer, affinity and specificity. Following ether extraction and NaOH-light petroleum partition oestradiol is separated from crossreacting oestrogens by TLC. Oxidation of oestradiol on the plate is prevented by mercaptoethanol. To separate free and antibody bound ligand 250 μg dextran-coated charcoal per tube is used in the presence of bovine serum gammaglobulin (1 mg/ml). The between-assay precision based on 15 different determinations of control samples from normal adult male plasma was 9.4% (C. V.). The mean reagent blank value of 31 determinations was equivalent to 0.3 pg oestradiol and the detection limit in terms of the 99% confidence limit for a single blank value, was equivalent to 4.3 pg oestradiol. A procedure for detecting plasma blanks is described. Plasma oestradiol is separated from approximately all concomitant substances originally present in the sample by enzymatic conversion into oestrone and a second TLC. No plasma blanks could be detected with respect to normal adult male plasma. Normal values for adult males based on 51 subjects were characterized by a median of 17.2 pg/ml and the 95 percentiles of 9.5–27.6.

Bonobo baby dominance: Did female defense of offspring lead to reduced male aggression?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Walker ◽  
Brian Hare
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Social System ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Dominance Style ◽  
The Social ◽  
Initial Support

The dominance style of bonobos presents an evolutionary puzzle. Bonobos are not male dominant but female bonobos do not show traits typical of female-dominant species. This chapter proposes the offspring dominance hypothesis (ODH) as a potential solution. ODH suggests the social system of bonobos evolved as a defence against infanticide and is not due to pressure to monopolize resources. Females that prevented aggression towards offspring and preferred mating with less aggressive males were most successful. Supporting ODH, during observations at Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary it was found that: 1) adult male bonobos are rarely aggressive towards offspring with mothers, 2) some mother-reared juvenile bonobos attain rank higher than adult males and 3) mother-reared offspring often socially interact with adult males without their mothers nearby. These preliminary findings provide initial support that the bonobo social system evolved due to fitness advantages of effectively protecting offspring against consequences of male aggression. Le style de dominance des bonobos présente un puzzle évolutionnaire. Les bonobos ne sont pas dominés par les mâles mais les bonobos femelles ne montrent pas les traits caractéristiques d’une espèce dominée par femelles. On propose l’hypothèse de dominance de progéniture (ODH) comme une solution potentielle. La ODH suggère que le système social des bonobos a évolué en défense contre l’infanticide et pas sous pression pour la monopolisation des ressources. Les femelles qui préviennent l’agression vers leur progéniture et leur préférence d’accouplement avec des mâles moins agressives étaient très efficaces. À l’appui de la ODH on a trouvé pendant nos observations à Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary que: 1) les mâles adultes bonobos agressent rarement vers les bébés avec mères, 2) quelques adolescents bonobos qui furent élevés par leurs mères atteignent un rang plus haut que les mâles adultes et 3) la progéniture élevée par la mère interagissent avec avec d’adultes mâles sans la présence de leur mère. Ces trouvailles préliminaires donnent appuie à l’hypothèse que le système social des bonobos a évolué par les avantages corporelles de la protection de la progéniture contre les conséquences de l’agression mâle.

scholarly journals Exploring Why Adult Mexican Males Do Not Get Vaccinated: Implications for COVID-19 Preventive Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-527
Author(s):  
V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder ◽  
Deliana Garcia ◽  
Roxana Pineda ◽  
Jessica Calderon ◽  
Dania Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
Minority Males ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Age Range

Vaccination is the single most important preventive medicine action worldwide. However, there are inequalities in the procurement of vaccines particularly among US ethnic and racial minority males when compared to the rest of the US population. This study explored the reasons given by adult Mexican-origin males residing in Texas, for obtaining or not, immunizations. This was a cross-sectional, exploratory study with a sample of convenience of 401 adult males (age range 18–79) who were invited to participate in the study while waiting their turn to receive administrative services at the Mexican Consulate in Austin Texas. Data was collected in Spanish with a seven-item multiple choice questionnaire, using electronic tablets. The majority of respondents received their last vaccination longer than 5 years earlier. A higher percentage of individuals in the older age groups received a vaccine in the last year, as opposed to their younger counterparts who obtained their last immunization 3 to 5 years earlier. Among the reasons given for not getting vaccinated were lack of time or money, feared injections and side effects, insufficient information, interest or motivation. Others did not get vaccines because they perceived themselves to be healthy and did not feel sick. Findings from this study have important implications for future preventive medicine and vaccination practices that reach socially excluded groups in times of COVID-19. Recommendations are made to facilitate access to vaccines to the target group of this study and other socially disadvantaged populations in the global health context.

The musculature and nervous system of the plerocercoid larva of Dibothriorhynchus grossum (Rud.)

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen Rees
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Nerve ◽  
Posterior Median ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ventral Muscle ◽  
Nerve Cords ◽  
Extrinsic Muscles

1. The structure of the proboscides of the larva of Dibothriorhynchus grossum (Rud.) is described. Each proboscis is provided with four sets of extrinsic muscles, and there is an anterior dorso-ventral muscle mass connected to all four proboscides.2. The musculature of the body and scolex is described.3. The nervous system consists of a brain, two lateral nerve cords, two outer and inner anterior nerves on each side, twenty-five pairs of bothridial nerves to each bothridium, four longitudinal bothridial nerves connecting these latter before their entry into the bothridia, four proboscis nerves arising from the brain, and a series of lateral nerves supplying the lateral regions of the body.4. The so-called ganglia contain no nerve cells, these are present only in the posterior median commissure which is therefore the nerve centre.

Pesticides Residues in Blood Serum and Their Adverse Effects on Multi- Biomarkers in Occupationally Exposed Greenhouse Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hamadan City, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Leili ◽  
Abolfazl Ghafouri Khosrowshahi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
Fateme Samiee ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Samadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Greenhouse Workers

Abstract The cultivation of greenhouse crops is the most severe form of crop production in Iran, and vast quantities of unreasonable pesticides are being utilized to control pests. The residual level of blood pesticides and its correlation with multi- biomarkers were determined to evaluate the adverse health consequences on greenhouse workers in the Hamdan city of Iran. Participants were 180 adult males, including 90 greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides and 90 control individuals. The residue analyses revealed that 64 out of the 90 workers had residues of dichlorvos, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos in their blood serum; and 56.25% out of these workers were exposed for > 15 years period. The residues of all three pesticides were higher than the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) in all the exposure duration categories. Comparisons of hematological parameters showed that mean monocyte (P < 0.001), lymphocyte (P < 0.001) and platelet counts (P = 0.001), mean platelet volume (P = 0.002), and plateletcrit (PCT) (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in workers than in controls, whereas hemoglobin (HB) (P = 0.028), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) (P < 0.001) were lower in workers than controls. These results show that exposure to different pesticides was associated with alterations in some biochemical and hematological parameters. Prevention and intervention programs can be effective in eliminating pesticide-related alterations among agricultural workers.

Interstitial space and collagen alterations of the developing rat diaphragm

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2450-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Gosselin ◽  
D. A. Martinez ◽  
A. C. Vailas ◽  
G. C. Sieck
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Interstitial Space ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyproline Concentration ◽  
Total Muscle

The effect of growth on the relative interstitial space [%total cross-sectional area (CSA)] and collagen content of the rat diaphragm muscle was examined at postnatal ages of 0, 7, 14, and 21 days as well as in adult males. The proportion of interstitial space relative to total muscle CSA was determined by computerized image analysis of lectin-stained cross sections of diaphragm muscle. To assess collagen content and extent of collagen maturation (i.e., cross-linking), high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis was used to measure hydroxyproline concentration and the nonreducible collagen cross-link hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), respectively. At birth, interstitial space accounted for approximately 47% of total diaphragm muscle CSA. During postnatal growth, the relative contribution of interstitial space decreased such that by adulthood the interstitial space accounted for approximately 18% of total muscle CSA. The change in relative interstitial space occurred without a concomitant change in hydroxyproline concentration. However, the concentration of HP markedly increased with age such that the adult diaphragm contained approximately 17 times more HP than at birth. These results indicate that during development the relative CSA occupied by interstitial space decreases as muscle fiber size increases. However, the reduction in relative interstitial space is not associated with a change in collagen concentration. Thus collagen density in the interstitial space may increase with age. It is possible that the observed changes in relative interstitial space and collagen influence the passive length-force properties of the diaphragm.

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