Urogenital schistosomiasis in women of reproductive age and pregnant mothers in Kwale County, Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Kihara ◽  
H.L. Kutima ◽  
J. Ouma ◽  
T.S. Churcher ◽  
J.M. Changoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis

AbstractGenerally, women residing in areas endemic for urinary schistosomiasis may suffer from female genital schistosomiasis which is acquired during childhood. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence and intensity of infection of Schistosoma haematobium in women of reproductive age (16–45 years) and to investigate whether S. haematobium had any effect on kidney function. A total of 394 women of known pregnancy status (158 pregnant and 236 non-pregnant) were recruited from five villages (known for their high prevalence of infection of S. haematobium) in Kwale County. Serum samples were analysed to determine levels of urea and creatinine as proxy indicators of kidney function. Data revealed that pregnant women did not, on average, have a higher prevalence or intensity of infection of urinary schistosomiasis than non-pregnant women. During pregnancy, the level of prevalence and intensity of infection of S. haematobium was highest in the first trimester (0–13 weeks), dropped in the second trimester (14–26 weeks) and rose again in the third trimester (27–40 weeks). In addition, 24.8% of women were infected with hookworm, while none were diagnosed with malaria parasites. Of 250 samples analysed for serum urea and creatinine, none had significant levels of pathology, either in pregnant or non-pregnant women. Despite World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations that pregnant women should be treated with praziquantel after the first trimester, in practice this has not been the case in many countries, including Kenya. In view of this, healthcare providers should be informed to consider treatment of pregnant women infected with schistosomiasis during antenatal visits and whenever there is mass drug administration as recommended by the WHO.

scholarly journals Relationship between pregnant women and their partners during COVID-19 and the role of accompanying persons during childbirth

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Elizabete Pumpure ◽  
Dace Rezeberga ◽  
Gunta Lazdane ◽  
Ieva Briedite ◽  
Darja Mihailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Support Person

Objective: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the presence of a support person, several hospitals in Latvia have restricted the presence of supporting persons due to COVID-19. This study was conducted to understand the importance of partnership and the role of the accompanying person in childbirth in the context of COVID-19 in Latvia.Methods: A mixed method study with sequential explanatory design was conducted from 26 July to 30 October 2020. The quantitative study consisted of a behavioral cross-sectional online survey with convenience sampling. The survey items, methods, and implementation were performed as part of the I-SHARE study carried out in 33 countries, with standardized survey instruments that were focused on sexual and reproductive health issues. In Latvia it was supported by the National Research Program to lessen the effects of COVID-19. Our study analyses only one part of all data. To answer the research question besides quantitative data the qualitative study that consisted of 7 semi-structured in-depth interviews and 11 focus group discussions was integrated.Results: 1,173 people of Latvia have participated in the I-SHARE online survey. The answers of 662 women of reproductive age and 70 pregnant women have been analyzed. Pregnant women had less tension with their partners and received higher partner emotional support before the COVID-19 pandemic than other women of reproductive age, and pregnant women were less frustrated during COVID-19 than non-pregnant women of reproductive age (p < .05). More than half (61.4%) of the pregnant women felt anxiety and depression due to COVID-19 restrictions. The qualitative part of the study revealed that having a partner during childbirth was an important aspect when choosing a facility to give birth in, as the lack of an accompanying person caused anxiety and additional stress.Conclusions: COVID-19 has increased anxiety and depression among pregnant women. Birth companions should not be considered third parties, and establishing a delivery unit visitor policy is necessary to balance the benefits and risks in an evidence-based and compassionate manner.

scholarly journals Determinants of Antenatal Care Attendance among Pregnant Women Living in Endemic Malaria Settings: Experience from the Democratic Republic of Congo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célestin Ndosimao Nsibu ◽  
Célestin Manianga ◽  
Serge Kapanga ◽  
Esther Mona ◽  
Philippe Pululu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Congo

Background. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance helps pregnant women to benefit from preventive and curative services.Methods. Determinants for ANC attendance were identified through a cross-sectional survey in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Sociocultural bottlenecks were assessed via focus groups discussion of married men and women.Results. In this survey, 28 of the 500 interviewed pregnant women (5.6%) did not attend ANC services and 82.4% booked over the first trimester. The first visit is positively influenced by the reproductive age (OR: 0.52, 95% CI(0.28–0.95),p<0.04), the educational level (OR: 0.41,95% CI(0.17–0.97),p<0.04), the nearby health center (OR: 0.43, 95% CI(0.2–0.92),p<0.03), and the presence of a male partner (OR: 10.48, 95% CI(2.1–52.23),p<0.001). The barriers to early booking were (i) the cost of service; (ii) the appearance or individual income; (iii) the geographical inaccessibility or distance to health facilities; (iv) social and religious prohibitions; (v) the stigmatization from other women when conceiving in the late ages or young or while still lactating (parity); (vi) the time for waiting for services.Conclusion. The early ANC attendance is delayed among poor women with little education and living alone.

scholarly journals Validating a questionnaire to identify women in first trimester of pregnancy during preventive chemotherapy interventions against soil-transmitted helminths in North-western Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Deogratias Mazigo ◽  
Antonio Montresor
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Pregnancy Test ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
North Western ◽  
Western Tanzania

Abstract Background Women of reproductive age carry a large burden of disease from soil-transmitted helminths infections. Preventive chemotherapy with anthelminthic is an effective treatment to control soil-transmitted helminths morbidity. However, as a precautionary measure, the treatment of pregnant women is recommended only after the first trimester. This has resulted in many women of reproductive age be denied treatment because of doubt on their pregnancy status. The standard assessments of the pregnancy status (i.e. urine pregnancy rapid test or blood test) are too expensive to be used in mass drug administration campaigns. Thus, use of a simple alternative approach is recommended. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performances of a questionnaire in assessing the pregnancy status of women of reproductive age during preventive chemotherapy interventions. Methodology A questionnaire (20 questions) followed by rapid pregnancy test (RPT) were administered to a group of women of reproductive age in two districts in North-western Tanzania. Results A total of 1,217 women of reproductive age participated in the study. Overall, 10.8% of the women reported to be pregnant at the specific question in the questionnaire. The rapid pregnancy test identified 15.1% (184/1217) of the women to be pregnant. In total, 86.4% (114/1,217) of the women who reported to be pregnant during the interview were confirmed to be pregnant using the RPT. The question on pregnancy demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 62% and specificity 98.3%. Conclusion The questionnaire can be used to identify pregnant women in first trimester during preventive chemotherapy campaigns. The question on last date of start of menstrual period yield the highest sensitivity and appeared to be the key one to be used in combination with other questions. However, validation of these results in other countries with different cultures are needed to fully evaluate performance of this method.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with late antenatal care visit among pregnant women in Lushoto, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Njiku ◽  
Herman Wella ◽  
Adellah Sariah ◽  
Joyce Protas
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Services

Background: Adequate utilization of antenatal health care services is associated with improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The World Health Organization recommends pregnant women to attend antenatal care services as early as in the first trimester. However, many women due to various reasons fail to meet the recommendations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with late antenatal booking among pregnant women in Lushoto district of north-eastern Tanzania.Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study involved pregnant women and was conducted in August-September 2015. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain participants demographic characteristics and obstetrics history. Data analysis was done using (SPSS) and relationship between outcome variables and exposure variable was done using Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association.Results: A total of 240 participants were involved in the study.  Out of these, 169 (70.4%) participants booked late for antenatal care (ANC) services. Delayed booking was mainly associated with not being married (AOR=3.08; 95%CI 1.149-8.275; P value=0.025) and unemployment (AOR=4.28; 95% CI 2.11-8.679; p-value=0.000)Conclusion:  Late first antenatal clinic visit was high in Lushoto, and was highly associated with unmarried and unemployment status. Therefore, provision of continuous health education and community sensitization on the importance of timely seeking ANC services should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia in non-pregnant women of reproductive age in three counties of Kazakhstan: a cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tazhibayev ◽  
O Dolmatova ◽  
Z Yessimsiitova ◽  
Zh Bazarbayeva ◽  
N Muratbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia and sociodemographic characteristics among pregnant and non-pregnant women in southwest China: a longitudinal observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wu ◽  
Hanfeng Ye ◽  
Jihong Liu ◽  
Qiuyue Ma ◽  
Yanling Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background Globally, the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age is about 29.4%, and anemia impacts about 40% of pregnant women and more than 20% of non-pregnant women. We conducted a longitudinal observational study of anemia in pregnant and non-pregnant women, and analyzed the association between the prevalence of anemia and sociodemographic characteristics of women in southwest China. Methods This study was a longitudinal observational study which involved 640,672 women aged 18–49 years from 129 counties in southwest China. Data were from databases of National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP) and electronic medical records of local hospitals. We adjusted the diagnostic thresholds of anemia for altitude. The prevalence of anemia was expressed in percentages and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The association between the prevalence of anemia and sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant and non-pregnant women were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression method, expressed in crude odds ratio (cOR), adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95%CI. Results Of the 640,672 participants, 121,254 women suffered from anemia, with the prevalence of 18.9% (95%CI: 18.8–19.0%). From 2014 to 2018, the prevalence of anemia declines from 23.0–16.4%.The prevalence was 21.6% in the first trimester, higher than women in non-pregnancy (17.4%) and women in the third trimester (10.5%). Results from the multivariable logistic regression showed that women aged 18–20 (aOR = 1.28) or over 35 years old (aOR = 1.07), being farmers (aOR = 1.42), being ethnic minorities (aOR: 1.19 ~ 1.73), during the first trimester (aOR = 1.32) were more likely to be anemic. Conclusions Although the anemia prevalence of women of reproductive age has been decreasing in recent years, the prevalence of anemia is still high in pregnant and non-pregnant women in southwest China, especially during the first trimester. Women who were older or younger, being farmers, being ethnic minorities were at high risk of anemia. Anemia in women of reproductive age cannot be neglected.

Pregnant Women Are Iodine Deficient While Adequate Iodine Status Among School-Aged Children in Sarawak, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212110020
Author(s):  
Lim Kuang Kuay ◽  
Tan Beng Chin ◽  
Chan Ying Ying ◽  
Husniza Hussain ◽  
Nur Azna Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: A mandatory universal salt iodization (USI) has been implemented in Sarawak since 2008. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the current iodine status among school-aged children (SAC) and pregnant women (PW) after 10 years of USI implementation in Sarawak. Methods: This cross-sectional survey among school-aged children and pregnant women was conducted between July and October 2018 in Sarawak. The multistage proportionate to population size sampling technique was used to select 30 schools and 30 maternal and child health care clinics. A total of 1200 children aged 8 to 10 years and 750 first-trimester pregnant women were randomly selected to participate in the study. Iodine excretion level in urine was determined according to the World Health Organization classification. Results: A total of 988 children and 677 PW participated in the study with a response rate of 82.3% and 90.2%, respectively. The overall median UIC level among the children was 126.0 μg/L (interquartile range [IQR], 71.0-200.9 μg/L) and classified as adequate iodine status. The median UIC among PW was 123.9 μg/L (IQR, 56.5-192.1μg/L) indicating inadequate iodine status. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that despite adequate iodine status in children, the majority of PW still showed inadequate iodine status. Thus, comprehensive monitoring of the iodine deficiency disorder problem among PW is warranted.

scholarly journals Exposure to different types of mass media and timing of antenatal care initiation: insights from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
Linet M. Mutisya ◽  
Milton W. Musaba
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Background Early initiation of antenatal care (ANC) within the first trimester is highly recommended in the current 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Mass media has the potential to promote early initiation of ANC because it has been used successfully in several programs. However, there is paucity of literature on the effect of exposure to different types of media on the timing of ANC initiation in Uganda. Our study aimed at exploring associations between exposure to different types of mass media and timing of ANC initiation among women in Uganda. Methods We used a cross sectional study design, to conduct a secondary analysis of data collected in the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). We included weighted data of all the 10,152 women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between exposure to different types of mass media and early initiation of ANC. Results Almost a third of the women (2953/10,152, 29.1%, 95% CI 27.9–29.6) initiated their first ANC contact in the first trimester. Women who listened to radio at least once a week (adjusted OR (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.30) and those who watched television less than once a week (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.53) had higher odds of initiating ANC earlier compared to their counterparts not exposed to radio and television respectively. Conclusion Exposure to radio and television is associated with timing of ANC initiation in Uganda. Importantly, the two types of mass media have the potential to reach women with low levels of education and encourage them to utilize maternal health services. The Ugandan government needs to prioritize and intensify the use of radio and television to promote the benefits associated with timing of ANC initiation.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Nutrition-Relevant National Policies in South Asia Reveals a Gap in Addressing the Essential Nutrition Actions Recommended by World Health Organization (WHO)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1728-1728
Author(s):  
Sumanta Neupane ◽  
Manita Jangid ◽  
Samuel Scott ◽  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Sunny Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
National Policies

Abstract Objectives The WHO recommends Essential Nutrition Actions (ENAs) throughout the life course to tackle malnutrition in all its forms. However, limited evidence exists on the availability of policies to support the implementation of ENAs in South Asia, a region with the highest burden of malnutrition globally. We conducted a policy analysis to assess the extent to which current policies address ENAs for adolescent girls, women, and children in South Asia. Methods We first identified the WHO ENAs targeting non-pregnant menstruating adolescent girls (1 ENA), non-pregnant women of reproductive age (2 ENAs), pregnant women (6 ENAs), postpartum women (2 ENAs), and children aged 0–5 years (25 ENAs). We then reviewed 40 health- and nutrition-relevant national policy and program documents, strategic plans, and guidelines for health workers from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Using these documents, we identified policies that address the ENAs. We report the number of recommended ENAs addressed by the policies for each population group. Results National nutrition policies exist in all eight countries. Six countries have multi-sector nutrition plans or strategy. These documents primarily guide provisions for nutrition actions in the region. Six countries have policies that address the ENA for non-pregnant menstruating adolescent girls. Only two countries have policies that address both ENAs for non-pregnant women of reproductive age. For pregnant women, three countries address four of six ENAs, but no countries address all six ENAs. Seven countries have policies that address both ENAs for postpartum women. Five countries have policies that address more than 20 of 25 ENAs for children aged 0–5 years. Conclusions Our policy analysis identifies substantial gaps in national policies related to the ENAs among South Asian countries and gaps are more pronounced for non-pregnant women of reproductive age and for pregnant women. Policy revisions, including updating policies, implementation and financing plans, will be needed to deliver the ENAs at scale and with quality to enable the South Asian region to tackle malnutrition in all its forms. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through DataDENT.

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