Surgical treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis in patients co-infected with HIV/AIDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ran ◽  
Y. Shao ◽  
Y. Guo ◽  
Y. Yimiti ◽  
T. Aji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Surgical Operation ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractCo-infections of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and HIV/AIDS is rare. We report four CE cases that were HIV positive. Three out of the four patients underwent a surgical operation to remove the hydatid cysts in their livers. The operation confirmed that in two of the cases their cysts had ruptured. These patients were given 3 months of albendazole after the operation. Follow-up showed they were remarkably improved in term of their health, although they were still HIV antibody positive 6 months after surgical treatment. Interestingly, the treatment remarkably increased their CD4+ cell population. We showed that surgery is suitable for treating hepatic cystic echinococcosis with HIV/AIDS co-infection.

scholarly journals Alveolar Echinococcosis in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emilija Jonaitytė ◽  
Martynas Judickas ◽  
Eglė Tamulevičienė ◽  
Milda Šeškutė
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an infectious zoonotic disease that is caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. The disease is generally identified accidentally because of the long asymptomatic period, has a malignant behaviour, and mainly occurs in the liver. Usually it is diagnosed in adults and is very rare in pediatric patients. We report two cases of AE and 1 differential case between AE and cystic echinococcosis (CE) in children: two of them had lesions in the liver and one had rare extrahepatic presentation of a cyst in the spleen. All our patients received chemotherapy with albendazole because surgical treatment was not recommended. The children were followed-up from 10 to 30 months and no significant improvement was seen. In this report we discuss the difficulties we faced in the treatment and follow-up of these patients. We also review the main clinical manifestations, general diagnostic methods, and treatment options of AE according to the current literature.

scholarly journals PO 8276 COMMUNITY INDEX CASE APPROACH AND HIV TESTING AND COUNSELING (HTC) FOR SEXUAL PARTNERS OF HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS LOST TO FOLLOW-UP: THE EXPERIENCE OF WORLD VISION MOZAMBIQUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A26.1-A26
Author(s):  
Miguelhete Lisboa ◽  
Saraiva Culuze ◽  
Saimado Imputiua ◽  
Adolfo Cambule ◽  
Christine Latif
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counseling ◽  
World Vision ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Testing And Counseling ◽  
Hiv Aids

BackgroundHIV-positive patients lost to follow-up (HP-LTFU) represent a challenge for HIV/AIDS control efforts as they are associated with higher risk of HIV transmission to their sexual partners, low viral load suppression and higher risk of morbidity and mortality than adherent patients. The SCIP-Ogumaniha programme implemented by World Vision Mozambique, has been utilising the index case approach together with systematic home-based HIV testing and counseling (hHTC) since August 2016 in 7 districts of the Zambezia province. This abstract outlines an evaluation of the contribution of this approach to HIV/AIDS care and treatment (HACT) of sexual partners of HP-LTFU in alignment with the first and second targets of the 90–90–90 UNAIDS strategy.MethodsThe study involved HP-LTFU returned to HACT between October 2016 and September 2017. These patients reported to have sexual partners who had not been tested for HIV and provided informed, written consent for joint hHTC with these individuals. The hHTC package for sexual partners was offered by World Vision project counselors and those who tested HIV-positive were referred to HACT.ResultsOf 7.084 patients who returned to HACT and reported to have an untested sexual partner, 63% (4,471) provided informed, written consent for joint hHTC. Of 4264 sexual partners found and tested, 52% was female, 64% was in the 15–34 age groups, and 88% had never been tested for HIV. About 28% (1.205/4.264) was HIV-positive, 56% of the sexual partners who tested HIV-positive, was female and 98% of these was successfully referred to HACT.ConclusionThe index case approach together with hHTC has contributed to the early diagnosis of 28% of new HIV infections among sexual partners of HP-LTFU and 98% of them ensured timely linkage to the HACT. Therefore, broader promotion and adoption of this approach would make a significant contribution to achievement of the first and second targets of the 90–90–90 UNAIDS strategy.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Hepatotoxicity In HIV-Positive, Tuberculosis And HIV+TB Co Infected Patients In Tertiary Care Hospitals , Sindh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (08) ◽  
pp. 4900-4907
Author(s):  
Arsalan Ahmed Uqaili ◽  
Marvi Gurbakhshani ◽  
Zahid Ali Shaikh ◽  
Imdad Ali Ansari ◽  
Keenjhar Gurbakhshani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Hiv Aids

Hepatotoxicity is historically the 3rd most common reason for drug withdrawal and toxicity-related discontinuation of treatment. This study was aimed at determining the incidence and the onset of hepatotoxicity and at evaluating the relationship of some risk factors for hepatotoxicity among Human Immunodeficiency Virus- (HIV-) positive, tuberculosis (TB), and HIV/TB patients on treatment. This was a prospective follow-up study involving 125 participants from the HIV/AIDS and TB treatment centres in Tertiary Care hospital of Larkana and Sukkur, Sindh. These TB and HIV patients were initiated on RHEZ (R = Rifampicin, H = Isoniazid, E = Ethambutol, and P = Pyrazinamide) and TELE (efavirenz/tenofovir/lamivudine), respectively, and followed up for 12 weeks between September 2018 and November 2019. The levels of liver enzymes (transaminases, gamma- glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and unconjugated/total bilirubin) were measured spectrophotometrically using serum. The Chi-squared (χ2) test was used to assess the association between risk factors and hepatotoxicity, while the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with the log-rank test was used to determine the occurrence of hepatotoxicity in the different groups. We followed the general study population for a total person time of 6580 person-days, with an incidence rate and cumulative incidence of 8 cases per 1000 person-days (53/6580 person-days) and 42.4% (53/125), respectively (95% confidence interval), recorded after 12 weeks of follow-up of all the participants. The onset of hepatotoxicity in the total study population was statistically significant (χ2 = 9:5334; p = 0:022979; CI = 95%), with the majority observed at week eight of follow-up. Also, the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of hepatotoxicity with respect to HIV/AIDS, TB, and HIV/TB patients, respectively, at 95% confidence interval were: 8 cases per 1000 person-days (32/3843 person-days) and 32/76 (42.1%), 6 cases per 1000 person- days (12/1932 person-days) and 12/32 (37.5%), and 11 cases per 1000 person-days (9/805 person-days) and 9/17 (52.9%). This study shows that the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of hepatotoxicity in HIV/AIDS, TB, and HIV/TB patients on treatment were high . Also, it is very important to check these patients’ liver function especially within the first 12 weeks of treatment.

scholarly journals Assessment of adherence to ATT among HIV-TB co-infected patients attending the ART centre of a tertiary care hospital of Jharkhand

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Vivek Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: Despite being preventable and curable, TB is the leading cause of HIV associated mortality. It is the most common opportunistic infection among HIV positive individuals with CD4 cell count <500/ mm3. Worldwide the number of people infected with both HIV & TB is rising. The objective of the study was to describe the socio-demographic profile of HIV-TB co-infected patients and to assess the adherence of HIV TB Co-infected patients to anti tubercular treatment (ATT) attending ART Centre, RIMS, Ranchi.Methods: It was a hospital based prospective study done at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi. Duration of study was 14 months. A total of 117 patients were registered during the study period and were followed up for adherence to ATT.Results: Out of 117 patients 4 were excluded. Among 113 patients, mostly were male (74.3%) and from rural background (69.9%). Majority (94.7%) of the patients came for regular follow up and took medicines as advised. Adherence was significantly associated with education (p=0.025).Conclusions: In this study it was concluded that education significantly affected adherence to ATT among HIV-TB Co-infected patients of ART Centre of RIMS, Ranchi.

scholarly journals Toxoplasmosis Among HIV Patients and Healthy Volunteers in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn O Onosakponome ◽  
Austin E Abah ◽  
Michael Wogu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a serious infection, especially among the immune-compromised people such as HIV/AIDS patients. Objectives: This study assessed the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis among HIV patients and healthy volunteers or immuno-competent persons (IP) in Port Harcourt. Methods: A total of 400 (200 per group) randomly-selected sera were tested for IgG and IgM T. gondii antibodies using ELISA technique. CD4 cell counts were also determined. Demographic and risk factors were determined using a well-structured questionnaire. Results: Overall seroprevalence for HIV and IP using IgG and IgM toxoplasma antibodies was 36.0%, 21.5%, and 1.5%, 7.0%, respectively. The age group f 40 years and above had the highest seroprevalence of 25.3% among the HIV positive persons, while the age groups 25 - 29 years had the highest seroprevalence of 20.0% among the IP. Traders’ positive with HIV had the highest seroprevalence of 30.0% and 0.9% for IgG and IgM toxoplasma antibodies, respectively. HIV subjects with a secondary education showed the highest seroprevalence of 20.0%. More HIV positive females were infected with toxoplasmosis 18.5%. In all, 6.7% (P > 0.05) of the seropositive patients had CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cells/µL, indicating no correlation between seroprevalence and CD4 cell counts of HIV/AIDS patients. Risk factors in this study included the history of living with pets, farming and eating improperly-washed fruits and vegetables. Conclusions: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis was high among HIV patients in Port Harcourt. It is suggested that the institutions included the Toxoplasmosis test as one of the routine tests for HIV patients.

scholarly journals Ophthalmological profile of patients living with HIV/AIDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 856-860
Author(s):  
Katarina Jankovic-Terzic ◽  
Vera Begic ◽  
Bojana Dacic-Krnjaja
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Ocular Complications ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. Serbia has 2.287 registered HIV positive persons. A certain number has ocular complications which are mainly the result of opportunistic infections accompanying this illness. Due to a highly stigmatizing environment for people living with HIV/AIDS in Serbia, they do not always seek doctors assistance despite the fear of losing their sight. Case report. We presented ophthalmologic status of nine HIV positive persons, all at the different phases of the illness. The decrease in the visual acuity was the first symptom which led to the diagnosis of HIV infection in two of our patients. Conclusion. Ophthalmologist has an important role in the multidisciplinary approach to patients with HIV/AIDS from introducing the diagnosis to the follow-up and the treatment of ocular complications which may accompany this chronic illness. With the active involvement of eye professionals serious consequences can be prevented, which have not only medical but also social and economic implications on the individual and the society as a whole.

scholarly journals Following Up of Surgical Treated Human Liver Cystic Echinococcosis: A Proteomics Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sadat SADJJADI ◽  
Nayebali AHMADI ◽  
Mostafa REZAIE-TAVIRANI ◽  
Hakimeh ZALI
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Problematic Issue

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important parasitic zoonosis in the world. Post-surgery follow up in CE patients is an important non-solved problem up to now. Therefore, the investigations on this problematic issue would be very applicable in the view of CE clinical treatment. Methods: A total of 24 confirmed liver CE patients sera including eight sera before surgery (BS), eight sera three months post-surgery (3MPS), and eight sera six months postsurgery (6MPS) were used in the present study. Proteomics methods including 2DE and LC-MS/MS were performed on the specimens followed by bioinformatics analysis such as Gene Ontology (GO) and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis. Results: A total of 235 proteins were detected of which 12 differentially expressed proteins (DEP) were identified by LC-MS/MS in all sera. The proteins were presented in BS and suppressed after surgery as follows: HPX, SERPINA1, SERPINC1, CP, HBD, and HBA2. Comparisons of the protein expression in sera of patients BS, 3MPS, and 6MPS revealed that GC, IGJ, AHSG, CD5L, FGG, and APOC3 have been overexpressed in 3MPS and 6MPS. PPI network analysis demonstrated that SERPINC1 and AHSG with more connection in the network could be considered as hub proteins and potential prognostic biomarkers in response to surgical treatment of liver CE. Conclusion: Application of proteomics methods on patient’s sera could be used as a novel biomarker tool for following-up liver CE patients. In this regards, proteomics and, application of bioinformatics analysis including GO and PPI showed that SERPINC1, AHSG and HPX are of more value as a potential follow up biomarkers in response to surgical treatment.

Complex Hydatid Cysts of the Liver: A Single Center's Evolving Approach to Surgical Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Botrugno ◽  
Salvatore Gruttadauria ◽  
Sergio Li Petri ◽  
Davide Cintorino ◽  
Marco Spada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Wedge Resection ◽  
Left Hepatectomy ◽  
Right Hepatectomy ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Risk Factors For Recurrence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

In our study, we arbitrarily define complex hydatid cysts of the liver as either cysts with a diameter ≥ 10 cm, or as multiple and recurrent cysts. These types of cysts were then divided into two subgroups: giant cyst identified as a cyst with a diameter ≥ 10 cm, and complicated cyst as multiple, recurrent, abscessed cysts, or those resistant to conservative treatment. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze a series of 38 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for complex hydatid cysts over a period of 9 years at the same institute to determine the evolution of the surgical treatment and the risk factors for recurrence. Fourteen (36.8%) of these patients were women and 24 (63.2%) men (median age 48.1; range 16-71 years). The mean postoperative follow-up was 24 ± 10.8 months. All patients were treated prophylactically with albendazole (10 mg/Kg/day) for 15 days preoperatively and for 2 months postoperatively. Partial cystectomy was performed in two cases (5.26%) and radical pericystectomy in 20 cases (52.63%). In 15 cases the patients underwent liver resection (39.47%): left hepatectomy was performed in eight cases (21.05%), and right hepatectomy in seven cases (18.42%). In one case, both wedge resection and pericystectomy were performed. There were no deaths and only one patient (2.63%) showed signs of recurrence at follow-up. Radical surgery is the most effective treatment for complex hydatid cysts. In our experience, partial or total pericystectomy virtually eliminated, over time, the need for hepatic resection.

scholarly journals Co-Trimoxazole Prophylaxis Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Incident Tuberculosis in Participants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 2363-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hasse ◽  
A. Sarah Walker ◽  
Jan Fehr ◽  
Hansjakob Furrer ◽  
Matthias Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACTCo-trimoxazole reduces mortality in HIV-infected adults with tuberculosis (TB), andin vitrodata suggest potential antimycobacterial activity of co-trimoxazole. We aimed to evaluate whether prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole is associated with a decreased risk of incident TB in Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) participants. We determined the incidence of TB per 1,000 person-years from January 1992 to December 2012. Rates were analyzed separately in participants with current or no previous antiretroviral treatment (ART) using Poisson regression adjusted for CD4 cell count, sex, region of origin, injection drug use, and age. A total of 13,431 cohort participants contributed 107,549 person-years of follow-up: 182 patients had incident TB—132 (73%) before and 50 (27%) after ART initiation. The multivariable incidence rate ratios for cumulative co-trimoxazole exposure per year for persons with no previous ART and current ART were 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 0.89) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.0), respectively. Co-trimoxazole may prevent the development of TB among HIV-positive persons, especially among those with no previous ART.

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