Effects of a protein-free diet on worm recovery, growth, and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rosario ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Pellet Form ◽  
Protein Free Diet

The effects of a protein-free diet on the host–parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. The experimental diet was a customized protein-free diet (PFD) in pellet form containing 0% protein. The control diet consisted of a standard laboratory diet containing 23% casein as a source of protein. A total of 24 mice were each infected with 15 metacercarial cysts of E. caproni. Twelve mice were placed on the experimental diet (experimentals) and the remaining mice (controls) were placed on the control diet. Experimental and control mice were necropsied at 2, 3, and 4 weeks postinfection (p.i.). The weight of mice on the PFD was markedly lower than that of mice on the control diet. The length and circumference of the small intestine of infected mice on the PFD were significantly lower than those of the controls at 3 weeks p.i. (Student's t-test; P < 0.05). Worm recoveries from mice on the PFD were significantly lower than those of the controls at 3 weeks p.i. There was a significant decline in worm body area in worms from the mice on the PFD compared with those on the control diet at 2, 3, and 4 weeks p.i. Worm dry weights from mice on the PFD were significantly lower than those on the control diet at 2 weeks p.i. Worms from hosts on the PFD were located more posteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet. The findings suggest that the PFD contributes to growth retardation of E. caproni in ICR mice.

Effect of a high protein diet on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Sudati ◽  
F. Rivas ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe effects of a high protein diet on the host-parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. The customized high protein diet (CHPD) contained 64% casein as a source of protein. The control diet consisted of a standard laboratory diet containing 23% casein as a source of protein. Mice were each fed 25 cysts of E. caproni by stomach tube and necropsied 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks postinfection. The weight of mice on the CHPD did not differ significantly from mice on the control diet. Worm recoveries were also unaffected by the high protein diet. There was a significant decline in worm dry weight, body area and uterine egg counts in worms from mice on the CHPD compared with those on the control diet. Worms from hosts on the CHPD were located more posteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet. Changes in the mouse diet adversely affected E. caproni maturation and growth, possibly by altering the immediate host mucosal environment and making it less conducive to worm development.

Effects of a diet deficient in the B complex vitamins on infectivity, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. Simpkins ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of a diet deficient in the B vitamins on infectivity, growth, and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. The vitamin-deficient diet (experimental) was isocaloric to the control diet but lacked the B vitamins. Thirty-six female, 6- to 8-week-old ICR mice were each infected with 25 metacercarial cysts. From the day of infection to the day of necropsy, 18 mice were fed the experimental diet and the remaining mice received the control diet. Equal numbers of experimental and control mice were necropsied at 2, 3 and 4 weeks postinfection (p.i.). Mice on the experimental diet showed a significant loss in body weight between 2 and 4 weeks p.i. There was no significant difference in worm recovery at 2 to 4 weeks p.i. from mice on either diet. Worms from hosts on the experimental diet were more dispersed and located more posteriad in the small intestine than those from mice on the control diet. Worm dry weight was significantly less in hosts on the experimental diet at all weeks p.i. compared with that of hosts on the control diet. The body area of worms on the experimental diet was significantly less at 2 and 3 weeks p.i. than that of worms on the control diet. An isocaloric diet deficient in the B vitamins had a detrimental effect on the growth of E. caproni in ICR mice.

Effects of high fat diets on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Sudati ◽  
A. Reddy ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractThe effects of high fat diets (HFDs) on the host–parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. Two HFDs were used, one consisting of a customized high fat diet (CHFD) with 45% lipid in the form of cottonseed oil, and the second consisting of an egg yolk diet (EYD) from domestic hens' eggs, with 31% lipid. Controls for both diets consisted of mice fed a standard laboratory diet with 5% lipid. Mice were each fed 25 cysts of E. caproni by stomach tube and necropsied 2, 3 and 4 weeks postinfection (PI). The weight of mice on the CHFD declined significantly compared to mice on the control diet, but there was no significant decline in weight of mice fed EYD compared to the controls. Worm recoveries from mice on both HFDs were significantly less than those from control hosts. There was a significant decline in worm dry weight, body area and uterine egg counts in worms on HFD compared to those on the control diet. Worms from hosts on HFD were located more anteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet.

scholarly journals Dietary phytogenic mixture for broilers reared under thermoneutral and heat stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Saracila Mihaela ◽  
Panaite Tatiana Dumitra ◽  
Papuc Camelia Puia ◽  
Predescu Corina Nicoleta ◽  
Untea Arabela
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein And Lipid Oxidation

Abstract During two feeding trials, the effect of dietary phytogenic mixture on the performance and oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver of broilers reared under thermoneutral conditions (TN) and heat stress (HS) was studied. A number of 60 Cobb 500 chicks/trial were sheltered in environmentally-controlled digestibility cages. On the 14 days of age, the chicks were weighted and assigned to four groups (2 groups/trial with 30 chicks/group). In the first trial, two groups (C-TN and PM-TN) were kept in thermoneutral conditions. In the second trial, other two groups were kept (C-HS and PM-HS) in heat stress (32 ±1 °C). The structure of diets was the same in both experiments. Compared with the control diet (C), the experimental diet (PM) contained the addition of 1% phytogenic mixture (bilberry leaves, peppermint leaves, fennel leaves and sea buckthorn meal). Irrespective of temperature conditions, dietary PM did not affect broiler’s performance. The dietary supplementation of PM delayed protein and lipid oxidation in the liver tissue of broilers in both trials by increasing the hepatic catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity.

scholarly journals Cassava foliage affects the microbial diversity of Chinese indigenous geese caecum using 16S rRNA sequencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Li ◽  
Hanlin Zhou ◽  
Xiangyu Pan ◽  
Tieshan Xu ◽  
Zhenwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Geese are extremely adept in utilizing plant-derived roughage within their diet. However, the intestinal microbiome of geese remains limited, especially the dietary effect on microbial diversity. Cassava foliage was widely used in animal feed, but little information is available for geese. In this study, the geese were fed with control diet (CK), experimental diet supplemented with 5% cassava foliage (CF5) or 10% (CF10) for 42 days, respectively. The cecal samples were collected after animals were killed. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the microbial diversity in the caecum of geese with different dietary supplements. Taxonomic analysis indicated that the predominant phyla were distinct with different dietary treatments. The phyla Firmicutes (51.4%), Bacteroidetes (29.55%) and Proteobacteria (7.90%) were dominant in the CK group, but Bacteroidetes (65.19% and 67.29%,) Firmicutes (18.01% and 17.39%), Proteobacteria (8.72% and 10.18%), Synergistete (2.51% and 1.76%) and Spirochaetes (2.60% and 1.46%) were dominant in CF5 and CF10 groups. The abundance of Firmicutes was negatively correlated with the supplementation of cassava foliage. However, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with the supplementation of cassava foliage. Our study also revealed that the microbial communities were significantly different at genus levels. Genes related to nutrient and energy metabolism, immunity and signal transduction pathways were primarily enriched by the microbiome.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementing TMR Diets with Artificial Saliva and Acid Buf on Optimizing Ruminal pH and Fermentation Activity in Cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bilik ◽  
Juliusz Strzetelski ◽  
Iwona Furgał-Dierżuk ◽  
Bogdan Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the effect of adding buffering agents to a total mixed ration (TMR) on the pH and on the VFA, lactic acid and NH3-N content of rumen fluid. The experiment was carried out with three nonproductive cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulas in a 3×3 Latin square design with two stages differing in the amount of added buffer (50 g/day in stage I or 100 g/day in stage II). The control diet (C) contained no buffering agent. The AB experimental diet was supplemented with Acid Buf (Noack Polen Ltd.) containing calcium carbonate, major and trace elements, and the AS experimental diet was supplemented with our own produced artificial saliva powder containing a mixture of chemical compounds (NaHCO3, KCl, CaCl2, Na2HO4·12H2O, NaCl, MgSO4·7H2O) in the appropriate proportions (McDougall, 1948), combined with wheat bran at a 1:1 ratio. The preparations were added to the concentrate mixture in TMR which contained (% DM): maize silage, 29.9; wilted grass silage, 17.4; ensiled brewers’ grains, 2.4; barley straw, 10.3; and concentrate mixture, 40.0. Samples of rumen fluid collected before feeding (0 h) and after feeding (2, 4, 6 and 8 h) were analysed for pH, and the samples collected 4 h postprandial were analysed for VFA, lactic acid and NH3-N. The artificial saliva added at 100 g/day to the mixture of chemical compounds (without a carrier) contributed to a significant (P≤0.01) increase in rumen fluid pH at 4 h compared to cows receiving diets C and AB. In both stages of the experiment, cows receiving the buffering agents tended to achieve higher pH values in the other hours of the test compared to group C. In the collected samples of rumen fluid, no significant (P>0.05) differences were observed among the cows in VFA and total VFA, in C2/C3 and C3/C4 acid ratios, and in NH3-N content. Neither did the type and amount of buffers had a significant effect on the percentage ratios of selected fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric) in total VFA. No presence of lactic acid was detected in the analysed samples of rumen fluid. It can be stated that when the total mixed ration is properly balanced, the type and amount of buffers have no significant effect on changes in the rumen fermentation activity of cows.

Influence of date of egg production and diet on pheasant chick development

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1154
Author(s):  
V. G. Thomas ◽  
E. D. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Tarsal Bone ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Primary Feather ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Chick Development

Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus cokhicus) chicks were hatched at weekly intervals for 14 weeks from eggs laid by hens fed two diets of different protein and energy levels. Chicks from each hatch were subjected to two different nutritional planes by feeding them a control diet yielding 2.91 kcal of metabolizable energy per gram and 23.7% protein, and an experimental diet yielding 1.88 kcal of metabolizable energy per gram and 14.3% protein. Weight of the chicks at hatching, and three indices of growth, increase in body weight, length of the tarsal bone, and length of the seventh primary feather, were taken during the first 3 weeks of life. Weights of day-old chicks and their rates of development were unrelated to the chronology of egg production, the sex of chicks, and the diets fed to the parent hen. Differences between rates of development of the chicks were attributed to differences between the amount of protein and energy metabolized from their diets.

Longevity ofEchinostoma caproniin Balb/c mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fried ◽  
R.C. Peoples
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThis study used Balb/c mice to examine the longevity ofEchinostoma caproni. Five mice each exposed to 75 encysted metacercariae (cysts) were necropsied at 23 weeks postinfection (PI) (160 days PI). Two of the 5 were infected with a total of 33 worms; 23 in one mouse and 10 in the other. Body and organ area measurements showed that these worms were robust and normal in appearance. No signs of atrophy of any of the genital structures were observed. The mean ± SE of eggs/uterus per worm (n = 10) was 243 ± 6. This strain of mouse will be suitable to study the effect of long-term survival on the host–parasite relationship ofE. caproniin Balb/c mice.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Full-Fat Insect Meal in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Nutrition: The Effects on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Tract Histomorphology

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Józefiak ◽  
Silvia Nogales-Mérida ◽  
Zuzanna Mikołajczak ◽  
Mateusz Rawski ◽  
Bartosz Kierończyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

AbstractA 71-day-long experiment was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of 20% Hermetia illucens (HI) meal; Tenebrio molitor (TM) meal; Gryllodes sigillatus (GS) meal; and Blatta lateralis (BL) meal in comparison to a control diet without any insect-based materials that used fish meal as the main source of protein. A total of 1950 rainbow trout juveniles (53.39 ± 3.74 g) were used. The formulated diets were isonitrogenous (45%) and isoenergetic (10 MJ kg−1). The inclusion of a full-fat insect meal did not affect the survival rate during the experimental period. The growth performance was significantly improved in the BL and TM treatments, while in the HI treatment was not affected. However, the GS treatment had a negative effect on the growth performance. The villus height decreased in the TM and GS treatment groups and increased in the BL diet group. The total number of bacteria increased in all insect meal diet groups. The results of the experiment show that B. lateralis, T. molitor and H. illucens full-fat meals can be used as a partial fish meal replacement without negative effects on survival or growth performance parameters. Moreover, full-fat insect meals may be considered as a protein source and a functional feed component that may positively affect the histomorphological structure of the fish gastrointestinal tract and stimulate the expansion of beneficial bacterial populations in the gut.

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