scholarly journals Effect of Supplementing TMR Diets with Artificial Saliva and Acid Buf on Optimizing Ruminal pH and Fermentation Activity in Cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bilik ◽  
Juliusz Strzetelski ◽  
Iwona Furgał-Dierżuk ◽  
Bogdan Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the effect of adding buffering agents to a total mixed ration (TMR) on the pH and on the VFA, lactic acid and NH3-N content of rumen fluid. The experiment was carried out with three nonproductive cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulas in a 3×3 Latin square design with two stages differing in the amount of added buffer (50 g/day in stage I or 100 g/day in stage II). The control diet (C) contained no buffering agent. The AB experimental diet was supplemented with Acid Buf (Noack Polen Ltd.) containing calcium carbonate, major and trace elements, and the AS experimental diet was supplemented with our own produced artificial saliva powder containing a mixture of chemical compounds (NaHCO3, KCl, CaCl2, Na2HO4·12H2O, NaCl, MgSO4·7H2O) in the appropriate proportions (McDougall, 1948), combined with wheat bran at a 1:1 ratio. The preparations were added to the concentrate mixture in TMR which contained (% DM): maize silage, 29.9; wilted grass silage, 17.4; ensiled brewers’ grains, 2.4; barley straw, 10.3; and concentrate mixture, 40.0. Samples of rumen fluid collected before feeding (0 h) and after feeding (2, 4, 6 and 8 h) were analysed for pH, and the samples collected 4 h postprandial were analysed for VFA, lactic acid and NH3-N. The artificial saliva added at 100 g/day to the mixture of chemical compounds (without a carrier) contributed to a significant (P≤0.01) increase in rumen fluid pH at 4 h compared to cows receiving diets C and AB. In both stages of the experiment, cows receiving the buffering agents tended to achieve higher pH values in the other hours of the test compared to group C. In the collected samples of rumen fluid, no significant (P>0.05) differences were observed among the cows in VFA and total VFA, in C2/C3 and C3/C4 acid ratios, and in NH3-N content. Neither did the type and amount of buffers had a significant effect on the percentage ratios of selected fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric) in total VFA. No presence of lactic acid was detected in the analysed samples of rumen fluid. It can be stated that when the total mixed ration is properly balanced, the type and amount of buffers have no significant effect on changes in the rumen fermentation activity of cows.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the microbial population in ruminal fluid using real time PCR in steers treated with virginiamycin

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Guo ◽  
J.Q. Wang ◽  
D.P. Bu ◽  
K.L. Liu ◽  
J.P. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of virginiamycin (VM ) supplementation on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in steers. Four ruminally cannulated Chinese Luxi steers (BW 559.4 ± 30.1 kg) were used in a crossover design experiment with an experimental period of 28 days. The forage to concentrate ratio of the basal diet was 35:65 on dry matter basis. The experiment consisted of control treatment and treatment with control diet plus VM at a dose of 30 mg/kg concentrate (DM basis). Rumen fluid was collected at 07:30 prefeeding, at 11:30 and 17:30 postfeeding on day 27 and 28. A part of the pooled sample from rumen fluid was transferred to anaerobic culture by a roll-tube technique and analysed for species-specific real-time PCR quantification. The remaining pooled rumen fluid sample was analyzed for pH, VFA, ammonia N and l-lactic acid. The results showed that VM increased the ruminal pH (6.70 vs. 6.63; P < 0.05), but it decreased ammonia nitrogen (4.94 vs. 6.19 mg/100 ml; P < 0.01) and mean counts of amylolytic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria (P < 0.01) as compared to the control. The additive VM did not affect the l-lactic acid concentration (1.39 vs. 1.26 mmol/l) in rumen fluid. Compared to the control, the steers receiving VM have altered a trend of quantification of Selenomonas ruminantium, Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Ruminococcus albus and Streptococcus bovis in rumen fluid (0.05<p<0.1) as compared to the control. However, VM had no significant effect on Lactobacillus spp. (P = 0.41), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (P = 0.35), on the genus Ruminococcus (P = 0.25), Ruminococcus flavefaciens (P = 0.52), Prevotella ruminicola (P = 0.54), on the genus Prevotella (P = 0.67) and Megasphaera elsdenii (P = 0.97). In this study, we found that VM had selective effects on ruminal bacteria and influenced ruminal fermentation by changing a part of the specific ruminal bacteria populations.

scholarly journals Effect of Palm Kernel Meal and Malic Acid on Rumen Characteristics of Growing Naemi Lambs Fed Total Mixed Ration

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman ◽  
Ibrahim Alhidary ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
Mohsen Alobre ◽  
Rifat Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of malic acid and 20% palm kernel meal (PKM) on ruminal characteristics. A total of 32 growing lambs were randomly distributed into control (barley and alfalfa ha), total mixed ration (T1), TMR + 20% PKM (T2), TMR + PKC 20% + 4 mL/day malic acids (T3). Lambs were fed these diets ad libitum for 84 days. The results showed that propionic acid in the rumen fluid increased significantly (p < 0.05) in T1 and T3. Lactic acid concentration of rumen fluid increased significantly (p < 0.05) in T2 while the pH increased significantly. The coloration of rumen and reticulum was improved in T3. In addition, most of the histomorphological features were higher in T3 and T2. We concluded that the addition of malic acid supplementation to lambs fed PKC caused a significant improvement in the rumen pH and decreased lactic acid concentration in growing Naemi lambs.

scholarly journals Untreated and formaldehyde treated protein concentrate mixture in the feeds of bulls

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Liisa Syrjälä ◽  
Esko Poutiainen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Experimental Group

Twelve bulls within the age period 113—294 days were used in an experiment in which the effect of formaldehyde treatment of protein on the live weight gain and feed utilization was studied. Their rations were a combination of a protein concentrate mixture, barley, mineral and vitamins according to nutrient requirements for a growth rate of 1000 g/animal/day. Oats and barley straw was available ad libitum. In the experimental group the protein concentrate mixture was treated with formaldehyde, 0,88 g/100 g crude protein, whereas in the control group it was untreated. The proportion of treated protein was 45 % of the total protein in the diet. The study involved feeding trials, digestibility and nitrogen balance trials, and rumen fluid investigations. The live weight gain of the bulls in the experimental group was 10 % better than that of the control group. The amount of feed used per kg live weight gain was 8 % less in the former group than in the latter. The differences in both cases were, however, not significant (P > 0,05). The differences in the digestibility and nitrogen balance and in the pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations of the rumen fluid between the groups were small and insignificant (P > 0,05).

Effects of feeding magnesium sulfate to dry pregnant dairy cows with different body condition scores on intake in late gestation, periparturient blood calcium concentrations and production in early lactation

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Subclinical Hypocalcaemia

An experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction between the responses of cows fed magnesium sulfate during late gestation and body condition score (BCS). Cows were fed a total mixed ration before calving and a pasture-based diet in early lactation. Seventy-two cows were fed differentially to achieve target BCS, on an 8-point scale, of about 4, 5 and 6 units, 1 month before calving. Cows were individually fed a total mixed ration of maize silage, crushed barley, canola meal and barley straw at about 1.6 kg dry matter (DM)/100 kg liveweight during the 27 days, on average, before parturition. In each BCS treatment, half the cows were fed 105–155 g magnesium sulfate (depending on liveweight) in the last 3 weeks while the remaining cows were provided with 18–27 g magnesium oxide, maintaining similar levels of magnesium in both diets.The dietary cation–anion difference of the control and magnesium sulfate diets averaged +5.1 and –5.5�cmol(+)/kg, respectively, while urine pH values were 6.4 and 5.4, respectively. The cows fed the control diet, on average, calved in better condition (P<0.05) than those fed magnesium sulfate (BCS at calving were 5.1 and 4.7 units for the control and the magnesium sulfate treatments, respectively). The feed intake of cows that did not receive magnesium sulfate was maintained until the day before calving whereas the feed intake of cows fed magnesium sulfate declined sharply from about a week before calving, and was always lower (P<0.05) than the control group. During the 4 weeks before parturition, the cows in the medium BCS group generally consumed more DM than did those in the other 2 BCS treatments (8.9 v. 7.4 and 8.2 kg DM/cow.day; P<0.05). During the 2 days before calving, all cows had similar intakes (7.7 kg DM/cow.day; P>0.05). The control diet resulted in lower concentrations of total blood serum calcium but only immediately after calving (1.90 v. 2.02 mmol/L; P<0.05). The production data indicated that magnesium sulfate had no effect (P>0.05) on either milk yield or milk composition even though the use of magnesium sulfate reduced the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia from 64 to 46%. However, there was a positive relationship between BCS at calving and milk fat concentration (P<0.05). There were no significant (P>0.05) interactions between dietary additives and the BCS of the cows. In conclusion, the use of magnesium sulfate resulted in the relative maintenance of blood calcium concentrations, reducing the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia at calving, while having a negative effect on intake before calving. However, these effects were not translated into benefits in animal production.

The effect of inclusion of mineral salts in the diet on dilution rate, the pattern of rumen fermentation and the composition of the rumen microflora

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thomson ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
M. J. Latham ◽  
M. E. Sharpe ◽  
R. A. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe mixed buffer salts of artificial saliva were incorporated at three rates: 0 (diet 1), 5·7 (diet 2) and 11·4% (diet 3) (w/w) in pelleted diets prepared from60% ground flaked maize and 40% dried ground grass. The control and mineral-supplemented diets were fed to sheep hourly (Expt 1) or twice daily (Expt 2).When the sheep were fed hourly or twice daily the pattern of fermentation in the rumen was altered from a predominantly propionate to mainly acetate fermentation. Dilution rate in the rumen increased from 0·036 to 0·053 to 0·064 when diets 1, 2 and 3 were fed hourly, and dilution rate was negatively related to the molar proportion of propionic acid (P< 0·05) and positively related (P< 0·05) to the molar proportion of acetic acid in rumen fluid, but these relationships were not apparent in Expt 2.Nitrogen retention was higher for lambs fed diet 2 than for those fed diets 1 and 3 (P< 0·05) in Expt 1.In sheep fed hourly, selenomonads and bacteroides were the predominant rumen bacteria associated with the control diet but the inclusion of mineral salts resulted in the bacteroides being replaced by large number of chain-forming cocci. Numbers of protozoa were variable. The relationship of these changes to the fermentation pattern is discussed. In sheep fed twice daily there was much variation between animals.

EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL RATION ON CHANGES IN BLOOD COMPONENTS OF STEERS GIVEN ACCESS TO LUSH PASTURE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. LISTER ◽  
W. SZEPESI ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
H. F. JEFFERS ◽  
V. S. LOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

Prepasture feeding of low quality hay versus hay and grain had no subsequent effect on rumen fluid ammonia, blood urea, or plasma calcium, glucose and lactic acid concentration in steers turned out on lush pasture. Steers previously fed hay and grain had lower plasma magnesium levels on the first day on unsupplemented pasture than those fed hay prior to pasture. Supplemental feed on pasture partly alleviated the depression in plasma magnesium on the first day on pasture. Feeding supplemental hay with pasture tended to lower rumen fluid ammonia, blood urea and plasma lactic acid compared with feeding no supplement during the initial days on pasture, indicating the desirability of hay feeding during this time. A hay and grain supplement with pasture had a similar effect to the hay supplement on rumen-fluid ammonia, and plasma lactic acid, but a lesser effect on blood urea concentration. Neither supplemental hay nor hay plus grain affected plasma calcium or glucose levels. All steers showed an increase in rumen fluid ammonia, blood urea and plasma lactic acid on the first day and a decrease in plasma calcium and magnesium on the second day on pasture. Blood urea, plasma magnesium and plasma calcium concentrations had not returned to prepasture levels by 21 days on pasture.

scholarly journals Dietary phytogenic mixture for broilers reared under thermoneutral and heat stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Saracila Mihaela ◽  
Panaite Tatiana Dumitra ◽  
Papuc Camelia Puia ◽  
Predescu Corina Nicoleta ◽  
Untea Arabela
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein And Lipid Oxidation

Abstract During two feeding trials, the effect of dietary phytogenic mixture on the performance and oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver of broilers reared under thermoneutral conditions (TN) and heat stress (HS) was studied. A number of 60 Cobb 500 chicks/trial were sheltered in environmentally-controlled digestibility cages. On the 14 days of age, the chicks were weighted and assigned to four groups (2 groups/trial with 30 chicks/group). In the first trial, two groups (C-TN and PM-TN) were kept in thermoneutral conditions. In the second trial, other two groups were kept (C-HS and PM-HS) in heat stress (32 ±1 °C). The structure of diets was the same in both experiments. Compared with the control diet (C), the experimental diet (PM) contained the addition of 1% phytogenic mixture (bilberry leaves, peppermint leaves, fennel leaves and sea buckthorn meal). Irrespective of temperature conditions, dietary PM did not affect broiler’s performance. The dietary supplementation of PM delayed protein and lipid oxidation in the liver tissue of broilers in both trials by increasing the hepatic catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity.

scholarly journals Bacteriocin Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Rumen Fluid of Thin Tail Sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Okti Widayati ◽  
Zaenal Bachruddin ◽  
Chusnul Hanim ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Nafiatul Umami
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Bacteriocin Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Range Test

The objective of this study was to determine the activity and the stability of bacteriocin from lactic acid bacteria (BAL) isolated from rumen fluid of thin-tail sheep under the temperature (80, 100, and 121°C), pH (3, 7, and 10), and the length of storage (for 2 weeks under the temperature -8, 11, and 29°C). Lactic acid bacteria obtained by isolation, selection, and identification of thin-tailed sheep rumen fluid were used for bacteriocin production. The crude bacteriocin was partially purified using 70% ammonium sulfate, then was dialysis for 12 hours. The obtained bacteriocin then tested its inhibitory activity against E.coli (representing Gram-negative) and S. aureus (representing Gram-positive) under temperature (80, 100, and 121°C), pH (3, 7, and 10), and the length of storage (for 2 weeks under the temperature -8, 11, and 29°C). The data of bacteriocin activity based on pH, temperature, and the length of storage were analyzed with factorial, then when there was a significant difference of variable because treatment was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. The results showed that the bacteriocin activity of the three types of BAL against S.aureus is greater than E.coli. The highest activity was shown in pH 3, while the lowest activity was shown at pH 10 (P<0.01). The highest activity was shown at a heating temperature of 100°C, while the lowest activity was shown at a heating temperature of 80°C (P<0.01). The activity of bacteriocin produced by BAL 0 A, BAL 1 A, and BAL 4 C tended to be stable to the heating temperature of 80, 100, and 121°C but decreased with increasing pH value (pH 3, 7, and 10). The best of bacteriocin activity was found at pH 3 (acid), heating at 100°C, and stored at -8°C for 14 days.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID AND ARTIFICIAL SALIVA SOLUTION IMMERSION TO THE RELEASE OF CALCIUM IONS ON BIOACTIVE RESIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Dewi Puspitasari ◽  
Nurah Tajjalia ◽  
Diana Wibowo ◽  
Agung Satria Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Acid Condition ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Lactic Acid Solution ◽  
Solution Increase

Background: Bioactive resin can release calcium ions when contact with solution media, even in acid condition. In the oral cavity, pH may change into acid condition due to the metabolic results of Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, one of which is lactic acid. Purpose: Analyze the effect of lactic acid solution and artificial saliva on the number of the release of calcium ions of bioactive resin. Methods: Forty-two specimens (diameter 15 mm x thickness 1 mm; n= 7/group fabricated with Activa™ Bioactive Restorative (Pulpdent). The specimens that meet the criteria were divided into 6 groups. The specimen was immersed for 1 and 7 days in the incubator at 37oC. The number of calcium ion release is measured using titration method. Results: Two Way Anova test and Post Hoc Bonferonni test showed there were significant differences among all group for lactic acid 1 day (4.040 ± 0.360) µg, artificial saliva 1 day (0.640 ± 0.338) µg, distilled water 1 day (1.040 ± 0.504) µg, lactic acid 7 days (5.400 ± 0.312), artificial saliva 7 days (1.640 ± 0.215) µg, distilled water 7 days (3.520± 0.356 µg). Conclusion: There was an influence of lactic acid and artificial saliva on the number of calcium ion releases of bioactive resin. Immersion of bioactive resin in the lactic acid solution increase the calcium ion releases and artificial saliva decrease the calcium ion release compared to distilled water. Keywords: artificial saliva, bioactive resin, calcium ion release, lactic acid

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