Institut de recherches agronomiques tropicales, Paris

1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Daniel Pepy
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Overseas Work ◽  
Scientific Team ◽  
Independent Organisation ◽  
Central Scientific

The Research Institute for Tropical Agriculture and Food Crops was created in 1960 as an independent organisation for technical assistance and cooperation in the field of tropical agricultural research. It has its headquarters in Paris and some laboratories in Nogent, in the suburbs. There can be found not only its administrative staff, but also a group of agronomists specially prepared and trained for overseas work; they spend most of their time travelling to the different countries where I.R.A.T. has been asked to work by and for the governments concerned, giving advice to their fellow agronomists on problems in which they have specialised, or following for several months a particularly interesting study. But, of course, most agronomists are permanently assigned to the different stations where the assistance of I.R.A.T. has also been requested officially. Some of these are quite important centres—for instance, Bambey (Senegal), Ambatobé, near Tananative (Madagascar), and Boukoko (Central African Republic), with more than 20 scientists at work in each. But in several other countries, only two or three people are working in a station, and it is here that more help is needed from the central scientific team.

University Assistance in Building Agricultural Research Institutions in Southeast Asia – A Case Analysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Eldon D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Land Grant University ◽  
Organizational Aspect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Providing a sustained flow of improved physical, biological and social technology applicable to the country or region is essential in the strategy of agricultural development. Building research institutions, which have the capacity to supply this flow, has accounted for a large proportion of Land Grant University overseas technical assistance effort. Several papers and broad spectrum studies have attempted to review the experience to date with a view to inducing more productive effort. We shall (a) identify the main issues relating to required features of effective research institutions, (b) examine the history of American reasearch institutions for insight into the bases of effectiveness, (c) inventory institution-building attempts in Asian situations with regard to presence of these bases of effectiveness and (d) evaluate and interpret alternative policies of foreign assistance to build effective research programs in agriculture. Primary attention is focused upon one organizational aspect which appears to be both limitational and neglected – the engineering of dependable responsiveness of the institutions to the problems of their respective regions.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle-Based Sustainable Agriculture and Food Science: Recent Advances and Future Outlook

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Mittal ◽  
Gurjeet Kaur ◽  
Parul Singh ◽  
Karmveer Yadav ◽  
Syed Azmal Ali
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Agriculture And Food

In the current scenario, it is an urgent requirement to satisfy the nutritional demands of the rapidly growing global population. Using conventional farming, nearly one third of crops get damaged, mainly due to pest infestation, microbial attacks, natural disasters, poor soil quality, and lesser nutrient availability. More innovative technologies are immediately required to overcome these issues. In this regard, nanotechnology has contributed to the agrotechnological revolution that has imminent potential to reform the resilient agricultural system while promising food security. Therefore, nanoparticles are becoming a new-age material to transform modern agricultural practices. The variety of nanoparticle-based formulations, including nano-sized pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, and sensors, have been widely investigated for plant health management and soil improvement. In-depth understanding of plant and nanomaterial interactions opens new avenues toward improving crop practices through increased properties such as disease resistance, crop yield, and nutrient utilization. In this review, we highlight the critical points to address current nanotechnology-based agricultural research that could benefit productivity and food security in future.

scholarly journals Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 5 No. 5

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Bella Dong
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Home Economics ◽  
Food Research Institute ◽  
Application Form ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Oregon Health ◽  
Food Science Department ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Central Scientific

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to [email protected] for Volume 5, Number 5Akshay Kumar Anugu, Ingredion Incorporated, United StatesAly R Abdel-Moemin, Faculty of Home Economics nutrition and Food Science Department Helwan University, EgyptAnna Maria Pappalardo, University of Catania, ItalyAntonello Santini, University of Napoli "Federico II", ItalyCorina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, RomaniaDevinder Dhingra, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, IndiaHaihan Chen, University of California, United StatesLenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech RepublicLilia Calheiros De Oliveira Barretto, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, BrazilNicola Caporaso, University of Naples Federico II, ItalyNingning Zhao, Oregon Health & Science University, United StatesPaa Akonor, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute, GhanaRenata Dobrucka, Poznan University of Economics, PolandRigane Ghayth, Organic Chemistry-Physics Laboratory, University of Sfax., TunisiaVasudha Bansal, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (AcSIR-CSIO), IndiaZafar Iqbal, Carleton University, Canada

Central African Republic peace deal faces risks

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
The Government

Subject Outlook for the Central African Republic's peace process. Significance Three months after signing a peace agreement with the country’s main armed groups, President Faustin-Archange Touadera continues to emphasise his commitment to the deal. However, some rebel groups have denounced the government’s concessions as insufficient. For their part, rebels seem more interested in further negotiations than implementing peace. This raises the risks that the flaws in the agreement could become increasingly exposed. Impacts Armed violence will likely continue until the new government is respected by all parties, which may prove challenging to achieve. A sustainable transition to peace will require credible measures for restorative justice, security-sector reform and economic recovery. The government will look to secure more financial and technical assistance from its regional and international partners.

scholarly journals Some experiments relating to artificial immunity in enzootic pneumonia of pigs

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. W. Goodwin ◽  
Ruth G. Hodgson ◽  
P. Whittlestone ◽  
Rosemary L. Woodhams
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Indirect Haemagglutination ◽  
Gel Diffusion ◽  
Different Doses

SUMMARYHysterectomy-produced, colostrum-deprived pigs were injected twice with formalinized antigen prepared from the J strain of Mycoplasma suipneumoniae; the first injection was with Freund's adjuvant and the second injection without adjuvant. The immunity of these animals was tested by inoculating them intranasally with different doses of lung suspension prepared from cases of enzootic pneumonia. Two of the pigs were not killed shortly after infection, but were kept and challenged with enzootic pneumonia in order to compare the serology of experimentally-injected animals with the serology of the immune state following the experimentally-induced disease.In a second main experiment, a pregnant sow was injected twice with nonformalinized antigen without adjuvant, and her litter was subsequently exposed to the disease at 7 days of age after suckling naturally from birth.There was no evidence to suggest that the injections had protected the pigs in the first experiment against a high dose of infection, but they may have given some protection against low doses. The piglets suckled by the injected sow were not protected against two different doses of infection.Serum samples taken at different stages were examined by the metabolic inhibition (MI) test, the indirect-haemagglutination (IHA) test, the complement fixation (CF) test and the gel-diffusion precipitin test, using M. suipneumoniae as antigen.Serum samples taken before injection in the first experiment were all negative in the MI test and they became positive after the injections of antigen. However, 1 the highest MI titres obtained were not associated with obvious immunity; nor was the development of true immunity after experimental infection associated with a change in MI titre.In the first experiment, substantial IHA titres (over 20,000) were recorded by 14 days after the second injection of antigen. Again, there was no correlation between the IHA titres and the area of pneumonia following experimental infection. In the sow experiment, IHA titres developed after the first injection and increased after the second; a high IHA titre occurred in the colostrum and titres of 320 or more were present in the piglets 7 days after birth.The CF titres appeared earlier than the IHA titres but did not increase so markedly thereafter. Once more, there was no correlation between the titre before infection and the area of pneumonia afterwards.In the gel-diffusion test, precipitins were demonstrated in all the post-injection serum samples tested, most of the samples being positive after the first injection. Precipitins were also demonstrated in the colostrum of the injected sow and in her uninjected litter at 7 days of age.From these experiments it was concluded that, as judged by the development of pneumonic lesions and in marked contrast to the known immunizing effect of the disease itself, injections of antigen given in this manner had little or no protective effect against the dose levels of infection used. Nevertheless, the titres obtained in the MI, IHA and CF tests were comparable with those obtained earlier in pigs that were strongly immune, which provides further evidence for the suggestion that these tests do not measure protective immunity.Miss Elaine Repworth provided technical assistance. Most of the expenses of this work, including the salary of two of the authors (R. G. H. and R. L. W.) were met by a grant from the Agricultural Research Council.

Central African Republic peace deal needs executing

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
African Union ◽  
Humanitarian Relief ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relief Efforts ◽  
The Eu

Significance The accord, the full contents of which are still not public, differs from previous deals in that it follows the first direct talks between the parties and because the government has reportedly met two key demands of armed groups: amnesty and power-sharing. These are controversial measures, but they may give the deal a greater chance of success than earlier efforts. Impacts If implemented, the peace agreement could facilitate humanitarian relief efforts and lead to gradual economic recovery. The new government should secure additional financial and technical assistance for the transition from the EU, UN and individual states. The actions of the African Union and neighbouring states, particularly Sudan and Chad, will carry more weight than Western partners.

Impacts of COVID-19 on agriculture and food security in developing countries: potential mitigation strategies.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (016) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde O. Erinle
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Abstract Despite efforts to reduce global food insecurity, success has been limited in many developing countries due to numerous inherent problems. The challenges and vulnerabilities associated with food security in these countries have been exacerbated by the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. As a rapid response strategy to minimize the coronavirus' spread, countries have put in place different forms of movement restrictions, locally and globally, which have therefore affected agricultural production, food availability, and accessibility. Focusing on the four pillars of food security, this paper provides an overview of the pandemic's impacts on food availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability drawing examples from different developing countries. The report also suggests some response strategies that could be adopted or (where already in existence) strengthened to promote food security in developing countries, during and after a pandemic/crisis. The strategies of major concern to ensure continued availability and accessibility of food during and after a pandemic/crisis include (i) establishment of community-based food networks, (ii) food and agriculture data collection and maintenance, (iii) stabilizing food prices, (iv) infrastructural development for food security, (v) increasing investment in agricultural research and policies, (vi) adopting modern farming practices, and (vii) reduction and management of agricultural and food waste.

The effect of host lactation on a second infection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats

Parasitology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Connan
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Cure Mechanism

Rats were infected with 1000 larvae at the time of mating and they were given a second infection while suckling a new-born litter some 3½ weeks later. Although they did have significantly more worms than immune controls such rats were nevertheless highly resistant to challenge with infective larvae. However, when challenged with adult worms, immunized lactating rats were unable to eliminate the second infection.That the failure of self-cure in this case was not because adult worms are less antigenic in lactating rats was shown in the third experiment. Lactating rats were immunized by infection either with adult worms only or with larvae allowed to complete their life-cycle. When subsequently challenged with infective larvae during the same lactation, both groups were equally resistant. It is therefore concluded that in lactating rats the gut phase of N. brasiliensis infection is in some way protected from the self-cure mechanism. This may be due either to absence of an essential factor operating late in the process, or to the presence of a potentiating factor which allows the worms to survive.The author would like to thank Professor W. I. B. Beveridge in whose Department this work was carried out, and the Agricultural Research Council for their financial assistance. It is also a pleasure to acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr J. A. Wilson and Mr P. W. Holmes.

Factors contributing to the retardation of development of Obeliscoides cuniculi in rabbits

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Fernando ◽  
P. H. G. Stockdale ◽  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the age of infective O.cunictili larvae and the proportion that remained retarded in a subsequent infection was investigated. The proportion of retarded larvae recovered was found to depend on the length of time and the temperature at which infective larvae were stored prior to infection. At 4 °C the level of retardation was found to increase with increase in the length of storage until a maximum was reached. Further storage tended to decrease the proportion of larvae that remained retarded. These effects were found to be less marked when the larvae were stored at a higher temperature. At 17 °C the maximum level of retardation reached was lower and the process of the increase and the decrease in retardation was of shorter duration. An increase in the number of larvae from 200 to 6000/rabbit did not appreciably change the proportion that remained retarded.We are most thankful for the advice and criticisms of Dr J. D. Dunsmore. The skilled technical assistance of Mr Ted Eaton is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the Ontario Department of Agriculture and Food.

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