scholarly journals What's missing from ‘What's missing’? A reply to C. Cramer and N. Pontara, ‘Rural poverty and poverty alleviation in Mozambique: what's missing from the debate?’

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anne Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Democratic Elections

Mozambique has undergone some dramatic changes in recent years. The government concluded a 17-year-old civil war in 1992 and held democratic elections in 1994. Following the adoption of structural adjustment policies after 1987, the government eliminated subsidies on food and consumer items, pledged its support for emerging markets, and has now sold most state companies to private investors. These changes have generated much interest among researchers and policymakers, particularly with regard to their impact on the countryside, where the majority of Mozambicans live and work. Recent studies have focused on the most appropriate rural development strategy for Mozambique now that the war has ended, or examined ways to alleviate the widespread poverty that still exists in rural areas. Other work has analysed the structure of agrarian relations or how to ensure food security. Additional research has criticised the government's on-going policy of encouraging and granting land concessions to private investors. It claims that the policy lacks transparency and fails to consider the rights of local communities.

scholarly journals Non-governmental organisations and rural poverty reduction strategies in Zimbabwe: A case of Binga rural district

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mago ◽  
Daina Nyathi ◽  
Costa Hofisi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies implemented by Non-governmental organisation (NGOs) for poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe with specific reference to Zimbabwe’s Binga Rural District. The qulitative research methodology was employed in the article. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicated that NGOs do not adequately fulfil the needs of the poor due to ineffective strategies that they implement. There is insufficient understanding of the livelihoods of the poor in Binga, hence the need for participatory development approaches. Deepening and widening poverty in the rural areas that are currently served by NGOs is an indicator that their poverty alleviation strategies are inadequate and ineffective to deal with poverty in these rural areas. The paper recommends a policy shift by both NGOs and the government to improve the poverty reduction strategies used by NGOs.

scholarly journals Indonesia’s Village Fund Program: Does It Contribute to Poverty Reduction?

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Novita Briliani Saragi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Descriptive Method

To stimulate rural development and reduce poverty in rural areas, The Government of Indonesia enacted the policy of Village Fund in 2014. However, a few studies have been conducted to examine this program. This study describes how poverty alleviation goes following Village Fund Program in Indonesia between 2015-2019. The poverty reduction was represented by holistic data, including insufficient and village status improvement through the Village Development Index (VDI). The analysis is conducted using a descriptive method by dividing the areas into six regions, Sumatera, Java & Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku & NT, and Papua. The result showed that over five years, the village fund dramatically increases. Moreover, this growth is along with the slight decline the poverty. The researchers found that the decreasing number of poverty from 2015 to 2019 is about 15%. The VDI status for districts/municipalities shows that the status improved from underdeveloped villages in 2015 to developing villages in 2019. Java is the region that contributed to making the status improved either to be developing, developed, or independent. At the same time, it is the Papua region known as the region consisting of most of the least underdeveloped villages. Since the goal of this policy in poverty reduction still works slowly, it needs a lot of effort from many levels of government, from the village, regional, and national officials, to work together cooperatively.

The State, Private Sector Development, and Ghana's “Golden Age of Business”

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Adjustment Program ◽  
The Government

Abstract:The promotion of the private sector has become an integral part of Ghana's economic development strategy since it embarked on its structural adjustment program (SAP) in 1983. Private sector development, which involves the improvement of the investment climate and the enhancing of basic service delivery, is considered one of the necessary factors for sustaining and expanding businesses, stimulating economic growth, and reducing poverty. This article examines the policies of Ghana's New Patriotic Party (NPP) government and its strategies for making the private sector the bedrock of economic development and for achieving what it calls the “Golden Age of Business.” It argues that while the policies and initiatives being pursued have the potential to help in the development of the private sector in Ghana, the government has to play a more central role in this process, not only by creating the enabling environment for private businesses, but also by providing business with support and protection. While the “Golden Age of Business” is a neoliberal concept, its effective implementation requires a robust statist input.

Indigenous Food Preservation and Management of Postharvest Losses Among the Akan of Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Kofi Quan-Baffour
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Postharvest Losses ◽  
The Government ◽  
European Markets

The rapid population increase has consequences on food security in Africa. The policies of the colonialists protected European markets and discouraged the growth of indigenous agro- industries in Africa. In Ghana much food is produced during the harvest seasons but greater part of it gets rotten due to lack of preservation or storage facilities. Despite the negative attitude of the colonialists towards local products indigenous food preservation continued unabated although limited to the aging population in the rural areas. The purpose of this chapter is to share the Akan heritage of indigenous food preservation as a strategy to manage postharvest losses and ensure food security and sustainable livelihoods. The chapter which emanated from an ethnographic study used interviews and observations for data collection. The study found that the Akan communities without agro-industries use their indigenous knowledge and skills to preserve food and create jobs. The chapter concluded that in this era of Africa's rebirth its people should utilize indigenous food processing skills to reduce postharvest losses and ensure food security. It was recommended that the government of Ghana should provide financial support to make indigenous agro-industries sustainable.

Parental/Guardian Subsidization of Extra Tuition and the Marginalization of the Poor in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1459-1478
Author(s):  
David Makwerere ◽  
Donwell Dube
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Secondary School Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Historical Developments

This chapter focused on the issues of social exclusion in the education sector in Zimbabwe. The primary focus was on the primary and secondary school education systems in the country. Using the lenses of the social exclusion concepts, the chapter looked at how the inequalities are informed by a chain of historical developments including colonialism, the effects of the Structural Adjustment Programmes of the 1990s, and the effects of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme, as well as the Indigenization and Economic Empowerment acts. The chapter submits that the children in urban high-density areas, farming, and rural areas are victims of structural inequalities that have led to social exclusion in the education sector. There is the need for the Government of Zimbabwe to address these inequalities as a matter of urgency.

Food Security under Structural Adjustment in Pakistan

Asian Survey ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Gera
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Adjustment Programs

It is the responsibility of governments to provide food security for their citizens. The government of Pakistan has historically supplied food to its people at reasonable prices through a system of subsidies. However, structural adjustment programs, such as reducing the budget deficit, have resulted in the removal of subsidies on wheat and agricultural inputs. The end result has been an increase in poverty.

scholarly journals Determinants of Off-farm Employment Participation of Women in Rural Uganda

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Fang Cheng ◽  
Haisen Zhang ◽  
Nobeji S. Boniphace
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Government

Off-farm employment in rural areas can be a major contributor to rural poverty reduction and decent rural employment. While women are highly active in the agricultural sector, they are less active than men in off-farm employment. This study analyzes the determinants of participation in off-farm employment of women in rural Uganda. The study is based on a field survey conducted in nine districts with the sample size of 1200 individual females. A two-stage Hechman’s sample selection model was applied to capture women’s decision to participate and the level of participation in non-farm economic activities. Summary statistics of the survey data from rural Uganda shows that: i) poverty and non-farm employment has a strong correlation, implying the importance of non-farm employment as a means for poverty reduction; and ii) there is a large gender gap to access non-farm employment, but the gender gap has been significantly reduced from group of older age to younger generation. The econometric results finds that the following factors have a significant influence on women’s participation in off-farm employment: education level of both the individual and household head (positive in both stages); women’s age (negative in both stages); female-headed household (negative in first stage); household head of polygamous marriage (negative in both stages); distance from major town (negative in the first stage); household size (positive in the second stage); dependency ratio (negative in the second stage); access to and use of government extension services (positive in the first stage); access to and use of an agricultural loan (negative in the second stage); and various district dummies variables. The implications of these findings suggest that those policies aimed at enhancing the identified determinants of women off-farm employment can promote income-generating opportunities for women groups in comparable contexts. In order to capitalize on these positive linkages, policies should be designed to improve skills and knowledge by providing education opportunities and increasing access to employment training, assistance services and loans for non-farm activities and by targeting women in female-headed, large and distant households. The government should increase investments in public infrastructure and services, such as roads, telecommunications and emergency support.

scholarly journals Analysing Indonesia’s infrastructure deficits from a developmentalist perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 102452942110433
Author(s):  
Kyunghoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Bureaucratic Reform

This paper analyses the performance and appropriateness of the Indonesian government’s ‘good governance’ institutional reform aimed at stimulating infrastructure construction. During the 15 years after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the government attempted to strengthen formal institutions with the goal of improving public investment efficiency and attracting private investors. By analysing policies in the construction industry in terms of company registration, procurement and state enterprises, the paper finds that the outcome was far from what was expected by technocratic-bureaucratic reform promoters as interest groups frequently succeeded in capturing the new institutional system. This paper then challenges the dominant narrative that overwhelmingly blames incomplete institutional reform for Indonesia’s slow infrastructure construction. Given the inherent market failure and political challenges in institutional reform, the paper argues that passive developmentalist policies, which resulted in conflictual state–business relations and insufficient public investment, were a prime cause that then set the stage for the emergence of state-led infrastructure development strategy from the mid-2010s.

scholarly journals The Linkage between Institutional Changes and Food Security in Mtwara Region, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Robert N. Shole ◽  
Kim A. Kayunze
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Moral Attitudes

This study focuses on the linkage between institutional changes and food security in Mtwara region. Institutional changes in terms of increase numbers of financial, commercial, hospitalizes, education, infrastructures and improved moral and altitudes of farmers have a direct relation with food availability and accessibility. Both formal and informal institutions have potentials to help improvement of food availability and accessibility. However, despite institutions dealing with food security having changed in Mtwara, food security is low. The fundamental question is which one among these institutions, has high impact on food security.This study sought to determine the linkage between institutional changes and food security in Mtwara region. The specific objectives of the study were to identify institutions existing and their functions at household level, analyze various sources of food grains and states of food security at the household level in Mtwara region, and assess the linkages between institutional changes and food security. Structured questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion and Oral interview had been useful for collecting primary information in which the best recorded interviewees were analyzed supplemented by documentaries (text and photography). Findings revealed that financial institutions and education have high impact on food security in the study area. Generally, this study concluded that banks, SACCOS, traditions (moral, attitudes, beliefs), and roadshave slightly difference effect on food security. Since 2010these institutions had been increased and improved and have a direct relation with food security.It is recommended that the, government and other stakeholders should create true transformation in rural people to provide them decent jobs, good living conditions, and different opportunities in order to maintain youth to stay in rural area for maximizing the food production. Further studies should be done on the factors influencing people to stay in rural areas in which agricultural activities are being done.  

scholarly journals Muga Industry—A Pride of Assam: An Estimation of Employment Generation, Kamrup District

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Bhattacharyya ◽  
Chandrama Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Sustainable Employment

For any development strategy, sustainable employment should be an important goal. Seemingly, one of the major objectives of macroeconomic policies in developing countries is to create jobs for the poor. Sericulture, with its vast potential for employment generation in rural areas can play a vital role in poverty alleviation. In the said context, and using employment-based analysis (EBA) method, the key aim of this article is to estimate the employment generation potential of the Muga industry in Assam, the findings of which may be useful for policy makers.

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