Blue-green algae of a developing salt marsh

Author(s):  
W. D. P. Stewart ◽  
G. J. F. Pugh

In the past few years considerable attention has been paid to the distribution of the microflora of the salt marshes at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire (National Grid reference TF 555576). During these studies it was observed (Turner, personal communication) that blue-green algae (Myxophyceae) were of frequent occurrence in soil samples from the region, but no analyses of the algal flora were carried out. It is well established, however, that blue-green algae are generally present in salt marsh regions (Chapman, 1960 a). Previous studies on the blue-green algae of British salt marshes are few, although detailed investigations have been carried out at Canvey and Ynyslas (Carter, 1932, 1933 a, b) and Scolt Head Island (Chapman, 1939). Some difficulty is experienced, however, in attempting to correlate these results with present day studies, mainly because of the widespread colonization of salt marsh regions within recent years by Spartina townsendii H. & J. Groves, and by the fact that few quantitative data are available. It is hoped that the present communication which is concerned with the blue-green algal flora of the New Marsh at Gibraltar Point, a region dominated by Spartina townsendii, will allow an assessment to be made of the flora prevailing in a developing salt marsh under present-day conditions.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 14862-14869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharada Jagannath Ghadage ◽  
Vaneeta Chandrashekhar Karande

The distribution pattern of blue-green algae was studied from paddy fields of Patan and Karad tehsils in relation to physico-chemical properties of soil, viz., pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon %, available N, P, and K.  Paddy field soil samples of 38 localities from Patan and 28 localities from Karad were analysed.  One-hundred-and-thirty-seven species belonging to 35 genera of 10 families from three orders were encountered from paddy field soils of both the tehsils.  Out of 66 soil samples 93.65% samples showed occurrence of unicellular, heterocystous and non heterocystous forms while 6.34% soil samples showed only non heterocystous forms.  Anabaena and Oscillatoria were found to be of common occurrence.  Significant variation was not observed in distribution pattern of blue-green algal forms in relation to physico-chemical properties during successive surveys.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-571
Author(s):  
Ritu Chauhan ◽  
◽  
Abhishek Chauhan ◽  
Ashutosh Tripathi ◽  
Anuj Ranjan ◽  
...  

COVID-19 pandemic has taught the world researchers the urgent need for new sources and novel pharmaceuticals not only for existing diseases but also for both seasonal epidemics and future pandemics. Pharmaceutical drug discoveries for the past fifty years depended deeply on the procedure of empirical transmission of a huge number of pure bioactive compounds to provide new leads. The screening of extracts or isolating compounds is a common way to discover novel biologically active molecules. Most of the valuable Blue-Green algal metabolites are concentrated in their biomass. For existence in nature, Blue-Green algae (BGA) secrete and contain various organic substances like proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, and these compounds are explored for potential biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including the anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19), anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, protease inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, etc. Due to their diverse application, pharmaceutical companies have shown commercial interest in the Blue-green algal group for the discovery and development of novel molecules to combat deadly diseases for the benefit of society and mankind. The current review paper highlights and discusses the diverse pharmaceutical potential of laboratory-grown cultures of BGA along with comprehensive and current knowledge on bioactive compounds discovered by researchers globally.


1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P Slater ◽  
Vivian C Blok

A relationship between blue-green algae and off-flavours in water was reported as early as 1883. Continuing research has shown that two metabolites, geosmin and methylisoborneol are major contributors to unpalatable flavours in water and aquatic organisms. Many instances of the co-occurrence of these two compounds and dense blooms of blue-green algae have been recorded. Cultures of Anabaena, Lyngbya, Osciiiatoria, and Sympioca species have been shown to produce geosmin or methylisoborneol while blooms of Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Microcystis, Oscillatoria, and Gomphosphaeria have been found in water containing geosmin or the odour of this compound. Actinomycetes have also been shown to produce these two compounds. In addition to geosmin and methylisoborneol, there is evidence that several other blue-green algal metabolites contribute to aquatic taste and odour problems. Among them is β-cyclocitral which has a distinctive tobacco flavour. Blue-green algae produce a variety of organic compounds including hydrocarbons, fatty acids, aromatics, ketones, terpenoids, amines and Sulfides which could contribute to the over-all flavour of water and aquatic organisms.


1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Rogers

Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) are imponant to the ecology of arid rangelands as sources of nitrogen and as soil stabilizers, yet have been the subject of little comment or investigation in Australia. To provide information on their distribution soil samples were collected from 136 locations in rangeland areas of southem Australia and cultured to permit the identification of the blue-green algae present. Blue-green algae were found in 134 of the samples. The species represented include several apparently capable of nitrogen fixation, and all produce a gelatinous sheath which can bind soil panicles to produce soil-surface crusts. It is likely that lichens and blue-green algae are important for the ecology of arid rangelands now, and if climatic change destroys the lichens which are very heat sensitive when wet, blue- greens may become even more significant in soil conservation and the maintenance of pasture productivity. Both lichens and blue-green algae merit inclusion in assessments of range condition.


1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Murphy ◽  
B. G. Brownlee

Within 24 h of an increase in lake [Formula: see text] concentration, [Formula: see text] uptake by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa increases much beyond the capacity predicted by Michaelis–Menten kinetic studies. In hypertrophic lakes this response enables these blue-green algae to optimize ammonia uptake during large oscillations of [Formula: see text] concentration, to aid them in competing with other algae, and to conserve [Formula: see text] within the ecosystem. Nitrogen limitation in the hypertrophic prairie lakes is a rare event.Key words: ammonia uptake, prairie lakes, nitrogen limitation, nitrogen cycle


Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
S.K. Rai

The present communication is a part of survey being conducted to study the fresh water algal flora of Namchi, South Sikkim. Thirteen taxa of class Chlorophyceae, which include 8 genera, 10 species and 3 varieties, were identified from 6 samples. Spirogyra nitida (Dillw.) Link, Netrium digitus (Ehr.) Itzigs. and Roth. and Scenedesmus bijugatus (Turp.) Kuetz. were the dominant green algae followed by the remaining other rare species of Scenedesmus and Staurastrum. All these taxa constitute new records for the study area. Key words: Chlorophyceae, Fresh water algae, India, Namchi, Sikkim-Himalayadoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.334Our Nature (2005) 3: 50-55


1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Threlkeld

The sensitivity of life-table parameters of two cladoceran zooplankton to slight, natural variations in temperature was determined during the onset of a midsummer blue-green algal bloom in a large turbid reservoir (Lake Texoma, Oklahoma, Texas). Prior to the onset of blue-green algae, cohorts of Ceriodaphnia lacustris incubated at ambient epilimnion temperatures (27–30 °C) had higher individual somatic and population growth rates, an earlier age at first reproduction, and shorter life-spans than cohorts incubated at a constant 25 °C. As blue-green algae became abundant, Ceriodaphnia growth rates were reduced more dramatically at ambient temperatures than at 25 °C, suggesting that a temperature–resource interaction was important to determination of somatic growth rate, age of first reproduction, and population growth rate. Ceriodaphnia populations declined in Lake Texoma as blue-green algae became abundant. Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, which was abundant throughout the period of blue-green algal dominance, did not show the temperature–resource interaction found for Ceriodaphnia. Temperature–resource interactions have been hypothesized to determine seasonal change in zooplankton community structure; this study provides experimental evidence of demographic consequences in natural populations of one kind of common temperature–resource interaction.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanya Vijayan ◽  
Joseph George Ray

This assessment of ecology and diversity of Diatoms in<em> Kuttanadu</em>, is continuation of the previous publications of Green-algae and Blue-green-algae of the same region; all the three investigations were carried out simultaneously. The unique <em>Kuttanadu </em>wetlands (90°17'N to 90°40'N; 760°19'E to 760°33'E), a well known ‘Rice bowl’ of Kerala, spread over 53,639 hectares, is located in Alapuzha District of Kerala, India. This wetland was once known for its high biodiversity, but currently severely affected by intensive green-revolution activities of past few decades. Main objective of the present report is to explain the diversity and ecological status of Diatoms in relation to the environment conditions currently existing in the region. Duration of the study was from December 2009 to October 2010. Soil samples of three different soil-types in two different crop-seasons, at two diverse crop-growth-stages are analyzed and compared. Altogether 120 composite soil samples randomly collected from the broad wetlands are analyzed. A rich community of Diatoms, of 40 species is found out. The order Naviculales is observed as the dominant Diatom (40%) in these paddy wetlands. Ecological parameters of Diatoms were found highest in the Lower<em> Kuttanadu</em> soil region, during <em>Virippu</em> season, at the seedling- stage of the crop, whereas the lowest value for most of the parameters were observed in <em>Kayal </em>soils during<em> Puncha</em> season at the seedling-stage. Apart from the specific soil factors influencing Diatom population characteristics in the region, crop seasons and soil phosphorus are found to have significant influence on Diatoms in this wetland paddy soils.


1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Singh ◽  
P. K. Singh

SUMMARYAzolla and blue-green algae (BGA) inoculated in a rice field produced a higher biomass and fixed more nitrogen in transplanted than in direct-seeded rice. Application of Azolla, BGA, composts of Eichhomia and Azolla and green manuring with Sesbania increased tiller numbers, height, grain and straw yields, and nitrogen uptake by rice in both the transplanted and the direct-seeded crop. The growing and incorporating of three Azolla crops with the rice crop produced more grain than the use of other nitrogen sources but the rice crops showed a poor response to inoculation with BGA. The yield of rice following green manuring with Sesbania or the use of two crops of Azolla after transplanting was similar to that of a crop receiving 60 kg N ha−1 as urea, but smaller yields resulted from the use of composts of Azolla and Eichhornia.


1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Jurgensen ◽  
C. B. Davey

Algal populations were studied in soils from sites representing several major forest types ranging from the spruce–fir forests in the Appalachian Mountains to the Southern pine forests along the Atlantic Coast. In addition, the nitrogen-fixing blue-green algal population of a forest tree nursery was examined.The results of this investigation indicate a general lack of nitrogen-fixing algae in acid forest soils. However, a pronounced development of these algae was observed in the acid nursery soil, especially on the soil surface. Low numbers of algae were found in some forest soils but only when the soil was above pH 5.4. No nitrogen-fixing Cyanophyceae were isolated from soils in the Appalachian Mountains regardless of soil acidity. Nostoc muscorum was the most common nitrogen-fixing species occurring under both forest and nursery conditions. Nostoc commune was isolated only from the nursery soil. Several strains of Nostoc ellipsosporum were obtained from a mixed hardwood–softwood site. An examination of the algal flora of a number of Alaskan tundra soils gave results similar to those found in the forest soils.


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