Sponges: an historical survey of their knowledge in Greek antiquity

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Voultsiadou
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Historical Periods

A detailed account of sponge knowledge in Greek antiquity is given on the basis of their records in the written documents of the historical periods it comprises. The analysis of the examined material revealed interesting information on various aspects of sponge biology, more or less consistent with their present scientific knowledge. The value of sponges for man at that time was evident in many of his activities, such as household, personal hygiene, pain relief, disease treatment, art and war enterprises. The significant role of sponges in medical practice is illustrated by the high number of their records in the medical works of the studied historical period. Furthermore, sponges appeared in legends, as well as in similes and metaphors that attributed their special qualities to human behaviour, various body parts or objects.

What every psychiatrist should know

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan D. Kelly ◽  
Larkin Feeney
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Base ◽  
Principles Of Practice ◽  
William Osler

Psychiatry is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and study of psychological disorders. The role of the psychiatrist evolves to reflect developments in medicine, science and society. The scientific knowledge base required for the practice of psychiatry changes from generation to generation, but many of the fundamental principles of practice remain essentially unchanged. We attempt here to identify some of these (relatively unchanging) principles and explore their relevance to contemporary psychiatry. In particular, we focus on the work of some of the more reflective physicians of history (e.g. Sir Robert Hutchison, Sir William Osler) in order to identify and interpret principles of medical practice outlined in the 19th and 20th centuries and we explore the relevance of these conceptual frameworks to the practice of psychiatry in the 21st century.

scholarly journals The role of the institution of temporary marriage in Iranian culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Rezvaneh Mokhtari
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Functions ◽  
Temporary Marriage ◽  
Historical Periods

In the history of Iran, the institution of temporary marriage is old-established. However, in different historical periods this institution had different forms and functions. Although temporary marriage did not receive public recognition among the Iranian people, this institution continues to exist in the Iranian society. The author attempts to determine the reasons for its perpetuation in the Iranian culture. Analysis is conducted on the dynamics of transformations of the institution of temporary marriage in the Iranian culture in different historical periods. The conclusions are acquired using the method of comparative-historical analysis of historical manuscripts and written testimonies. The author classifies and describes the three historical periods “Ancient Iran”, “The Initial Period of Islam prior to the Islamic Republic”, and “The Islamic Republic”. The results demonstrate that the institution of temporary marriage, which emerged on the basis of patriarchal culture of Iranian society, legitimately met individual needs, such as sexual desire, childbearing, livelihood; and social needs, such as inheritance, strengthening of social ties. In each historical period, this institution also performed special cultural functions revealed in the course of this research. There is yet no comprehensive and documented historical research, which would compare all historical periods in a single work.

scholarly journals Peran Orangtua dalam Pemberian Pendidikan Seks Sejak Dini bagi Anak Difabel Mental Intelektual terhadap Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astry Budiarty
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Deviant Sexual Behavior

Pendidikan seks bagi anak difabel mental intelektual atau yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah tunagrahita menjadi suatu permasalahan yang penting di tengah masyarakat. Hal tersebut berdasar sebab pendidikan seks merupakan salah satu upaya agar setiap anak berkebutuhan khusus dapat mengenali, memahami dan mengelola perkembangan dan perubahan secara biologis yang terjadi pada dirinya agar tidak terjebak pada perilaku seks yang menyimpang dan yang terpenting agar tidak mendapatkan kekerasan dan pelecehan seksual dari orang lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu narasumber atau informan yang dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran orang tua dalam pemberian pendidikan seks sejak dini bagi anak difabel mental intelektual dimulai sejak anak berumur 5 tahun, dengan pengenalan organ intim, cara membersihkan diri atau kegiatan menjaga kebersihan diri berupa mandi, cara berpakaian, bagian tubuh apa saja yang boleh dan tidak boleh dilihat dan diraba oleh orang lain sebagai upaya pencegahan terhadap kekerasan seksual pada anak difabel mental intelektual.---Sex education for children with intellectual disabilities or better known as mental retardation becomes an important issue in the community. This is based on sex education as an effort so that every child with special needs can recognize, understand and manage the development and biological changes that occur in him so as not to get caught up in deviant sexual behavior and most importantly so as not to get sexual violence and harassment from people other. This type of research is qualitative and the sample in this study is the informant or informant using purposive sampling method. This research shows that the role of parents in providing early sex education for children with intellectual mental disabilities begins when their child is 5 years old, with the introduction of intimate organs, how to clean themselves or activities to maintain personal hygiene in the form of bathing, how to dress, what body parts are may and may not be seen and touched by others as an effort to prevent sexual violence in children with intellectual disabilities.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE IN ISLAM AND ITS ROLE IN MUSLIM CIVILIZATION

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
K. Kurmanbayev ◽  
◽  
D. Sikhimbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Periods

The article examines the original meaning, the transformation of the concept of education in Islam and its role in the development of science and education in the Muslim civilization. Any concept or term undergoes semantic changes depending on ideological, cultural, social and other conditions in different historical periods. This applies both to the concept of education in Islam and its place in civilization. The concept of knowledge in the tribal Arab culture with limited literacy acquires a new meaning with the advent of Islam, makes a huge contribution to the theoretical definition of the systemic concept of religious and secular education and the development of scientific knowledge. Based on fundamental works on the history of education and science, the role of the concept of education in the development of the Islamic religion and Muslim civilization is evaluated. The main historical factors of accumulation, systematization and development of knowledge in the Muslim civilization are also analyzed. In particular, the ancient Greek, Indian and Persian cultures were included in the Muslim civilization, which contributed to its intellectual enrichment. The prerequisites for the increasing development of education and science in the era of the "golden age" in Islam are analyzed, the place of ancient Greek science in the Muslim civilization, which is the core of modern scientific knowledge, is assessed.

THE INSTRUMENTAL PHENOMENON OF TROMBONE IN EUROPEAN MUSICAL PERFORMING ART

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Y. O. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Musical Compositions ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Performing Art ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Important Significance

The purpose of this exploration is revealing of some characteristic, maximally peculiar features for artistically expressive, constructional nature of trombone, as the more unique, universally perfective instrumental phenomenon in the sphere of European musically performing art. The target of this denoted disquisition is also popularization of professional orchestra, ensemble and solo playing trombone in synthetic nature of modern postmodern culture. Methodology represented the scientifically investigative work is formed by author into applying of historical, comparative, axiological and structurally analytical research’s methods. The empirical methods such as association and generalization acquire the important significance. The appeal to structurally functional method in the process for studying of denoted theme has particular importance, because the role of instrument, its functional meaning in definite culturally historical period is lighting the instrument’s artistically singular traits. The scientific novelty of this investigation is conditioned by the view to biggest historically retrospective observation of the trombone’s evolution with the simultaneous detection its uniquely natural, perfectively universal constructional and artistically expressive qualities, possibilities for reflection of ideally imaginative content in reference to professional musical compositions. Conclusions. The naturally formed into constructional perfective specificity the technique of playing trombone established fundamental bases concerning universality of the instrument in duration all the period of its existence. The unrestricted, maximally closing to vocal performing the artistically expressive means of trombone in the all culturally historical periods for widest development of musical art is generated by natural capability for chromatization of sound scale on the all trombone’s diapason, in result applying the specific connecting line mechanism.

Quality assurance and quality improvement in medical practice – Part 1. Definition and importance of quality in medical practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Sándor Gődény
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
Healthcare Finance

In Hungary healthcare finance has decreased in proportion with the GDP, while the health status of the population is still ranks among the worst in the European Union. Since healthcare finance is not expected to increase, the number of practicing doctors per capita is continuously decreasing. In the coming years it is an important question that in this situation what methods can be used to prevent further deterioration of the health status of the Hungarian population, and within this is the role of the quality approach, and different methods of quality management. In the present and the forthcoming two articles those standpoints will be summarized which support the need for the integration of quality assurance in the everyday medical practice. In the first part the importance of quality thinking, quality management, quality assurance, necessity of quality measurement and improvement, furthermore, advantages of the quality systems will be discussed. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 83–92.

TheOrvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal)in the network of medical journals

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (22) ◽  
pp. 876-879
Author(s):  
András Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Subject

The role of networks is swiftly increasing in the production and communication of scientific knowledge. Network aspects have, therefore, an ever growing importance in the analysis of the scientific enterprise, as well. The present paper demonstrates some techniques of studying the network of scientific journals on the subject of seeking the position of Orvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal) in the international journal network. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(22), 876–879.

The role of human resources in processes of portuguese firms’ RD&I certification and development

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Gomes ◽  
Vítor Braga ◽  
Alexandra Braga
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Innovation Activities

Innovation is seen as a competitive advantage that many companies use to ensure the continuity and success of your business.NP 4457:2007 is the Portuguese norm that supports management, based on a model of innovation backed up by interfaces and interaction between technical/scientific knowledge, its specific mechanisms and the overall society.Our paper aims to analyse innovation activities and the involvement of human resources in Portuguese firms certified by NP4457 and associated to the implementation of Research, Development, and Innovation (RD&I) management systems. We have collected the data through IPAC’s database, using a survey administered to all firms.Our results suggest the existence of a Human Resources (HR) involvement policy, customers and suppliers. The involvement of stakeholders with innovation activities results of its acceptance as a mechanism able to generate wealth, with benefits for both firms and the community.

Epigenetic Regulator Signatures in Regenerative Capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 598-606
Author(s):  
Sarah Albogami
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Lysine Methylation ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Epigenetic Regulator

Background:: Regeneration is the process by which body parts lost as a result of injury are replaced, as observed in certain animal species. The root of regenerative differences between organisms is still not very well understood; if regeneration merely recycles developmental pathways in the adult form, why can some animals regrow organs whereas others cannot? In the regulation of the regeneration process as well as other biological phenomena, epigenetics plays an essential role. Objective:: This review aims to demonstrate the role of epigenetic regulators in determining regenerative capacity. Results:: In this review, we discuss the basis of regenerative differences between organisms. In addition, we present the current knowledge on the role of epigenetic regulation in regeneration, including DNA methylation, histone modification, lysine methylation, lysine methyltransferases, and the SET1 family. Conclusion:: An improved understanding of the regeneration process and the epigenetic regulation thereof through the study of regeneration in highly regenerative species will help in the field of regenerative medicine in future.

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