Allometric growth of a common Nassariidae (Gastropoda) in south-east Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Q. Yokoyama ◽  
Antonia Cecília Z. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Shell Width ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Leibler Information ◽  
Suitable Explanation

The allometric growth of two groups of Nassarius vibex on beds of the bivalve Mytella charruana on the northern coast of the State of São Paulo, was evaluated between September 2006 and February 2007 in the bed on Camaroeiro Beach, and from March 2007 to June 2007 at Cidade Beach. The shells from Camaroeiro were longer and wider and had a smaller shell aperture than those from Cidade; a principal components analysis also confirmed different morphometric patterns between the areas. The allometric growth of the two groups showed great variation in the development of individuals. The increase of shell width and height in relation to shell length did not differ between the two areas. Shell aperture showed a contrasting growth pattern, with individuals from Camaroeiro having smaller apertures. The methodology based on Kullback–Leibler information theory and the multi-model inference showed, for N. vibex, that the classic linear allometric growth was not the most suitable explanation for the observed morphometric relationships. The patterns of relative growth observed in the two groups of N. vibex may be a consequence of different growth and variation rates, which modifies the development of the individuals. Other factors such as food resource availability and environmental parameters, which might also differ between the two areas, should also be considered.

scholarly journals Pre-Columbian soil fertilization and current management maintain food resource availability in old-growth Amazonian forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 450 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Levis ◽  
Marielos Peña-Claros ◽  
Charles R. Clement ◽  
Flavia R. C. Costa ◽  
Rubana Palhares Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Amazonian Forests

scholarly journals The effect of shell secretion rate on Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca ratios in biogenic calcite as observed in a belemnite rostrum

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Vinzenz Ullmann ◽  
Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Biasing Effects ◽  
Temperature Proxy ◽  
A Minor

Abstract. Isotopic ratios and concentrations of the alkaline earth metals Mg and Sr in biogenic calcite are of great importance as proxies for environmental parameters. In particular, the Mg / Ca ratio as a temperature proxy has had considerable success. It is often hard to determine, however, which parameter ultimately controls the concentration of these elements in calcite. Here, multiple Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca transects through a belemnite rostrum of Passaloteuthis bisulcata (Blainville, 1827) are used to isolate the effect of calcite secretion rate on incorporation of Mg and Sr into the calcite. With increasing calcite secretion rate Mg / Ca ratios decrease and Sr / Ca ratios in the rostrum increase. In the studied specimen this effect is found to be linear for both element ratios over a calcite secretion rate increase of ca. 150 %. Mg / Ca ratios and Sr / Ca ratios show a linear co-variation with increasing relative growth rate, where a 100 % increase in growth rate leads to a (8.1 ± 0.9) % depletion in Mg and a (5.9 ± 0.7) % enrichment in Sr. The magnitude of the calcite secretion rate effect on Mg is (37 ± 4) % greater than that on Sr. These findings are qualitatively confirmed by a geochemical transect through a second rostrum of Passaloteuthis sp. Growth rate effects are well defined in rostra of Passaloteuthis, but only account for a minor part of chemical heterogeneity. Biasing effects on palaeoenvironmental studies can be minimized by informed sampling, whereby the apex and apical line of the rostrum are avoided.

Food resource availability for American black ducks wintering in southern New Jersey

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dane M. Cramer ◽  
Paul M. Castelli ◽  
Tina Yerkes ◽  
Christopher K. Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
American Black

Patterns of grassland productivity, composition and seed abundance, and the diet of the flock bronzewing pigeon Phaps histrionica at one site in northern Australia over a period of marked seasonal change

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dostine ◽  
J. C. Z. Woinarski ◽  
B. Mackey ◽  
H. Nix
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Grassland Community

Context Multiple scales of research are needed to understand the ecology and conservation requirements of species whose ecology is characterised by marked spatial and temporal dynamism. The flock bronzewing pigeon may provide a model for the conservation management of species with similar dispersive ecologies. Aims This study aimed to document the species composition and its variability in seeds consumed by flock bronzewing pigeons across a period of contrasting seasonal conditions, and to relate this diet to variation in food resource availability. Methods The diet of the flock bronzewing pigeon was described by analysis of the crop contents of samples collected over the period from June 2006 to September 2007 at one pastoral property on the Barkly Tablelands, Northern Territory. Variation in food resource availability was assessed using data from remote sensing, grassland community structure, and direct measurement of soil seed density. Multivariate statistical methods were used to test variation in plant community structure between years and among land units; generalised linear modelling was used to examine inter-annual variation in the abundance of key food plant species and seasonal variation in seed abundance. Key results Across the period of this study, the diet of flock bronzewing pigeons on the Barkly Tableland was largely restricted to seeds of a small number of plant species within Mitchell grasslands. Dietary patterns varied between years; evidence from remote sensing, grassland community structure, and seed density was consistent with these dietary patterns. Conclusions Flock bronzewing pigeons appear to be adapted to exploiting rare, episodic events, leading to high seed production by the ephemeral or annual component of perennial tussock grasslands. Key food plant species include the forbs Wedelia asperrima, Trichodesma zeylanicum and Phyllanthus lacerosus and the large-seeded annual grass Chionachne hubbardiana. These species may not be those that provide critical resources during unfavourable periods. Implications Conservation management of flock bronzewing pigeons will entail strategies to maintain key food species in grazed landscapes, and to ensure replenishment of seed reserves of annual and ephemeral plant species. Management practices to achieve these goals may include rotational wet season spelling of paddocks. More information is required on the focal areas for persistence within these black-soil grassland landscapes.

Influence of breed and sex on the allometric growth patterns of major bovine tissues

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mukhoty ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Using Data

SUMMARYThe influence of breed and sex on relative growth patterns of muscle, bone and fat in beef cattle has been investigated. Comparisons were made of growth coefficients estimated using Huxley's (1932) allometric equation relating muscle, bone or fat to muscle plus bone using data from the dissection of half carcasses of 63 young bulls, 106 steers and 22 heifers representing a number of breed groups. Growth coefficients for muscle and for bone were found to be similar among different breed groups of bulls, steers and heifers. The proportion of muscle increased and that of bone decreased as the size of animal, measured by muscle plus bone, increased. Muscle and bone weights adjusted to common muscle plus bone weights were significantly different among breed groups within sex. Differences in amount of muscle relative to bone were therefore established at earlier stages of growth and maintained over the period represented in the present study.Growth coefficients for fat were significantly different among breed groups within sexes.Sex within breed group had no statistically significant influence on growth coefficients for muscle or for bone. Muscle and bone weights adjusted to a common muscle plus bone weight were similar for sex groups within all breed group comparisons. Sex did not have a marked effect on rate of fattening since differences between growth coefficients for fat (between sexes, within breeds) were not statistically significant—although in all comparisons growth coefficients for fat were lowest for bulls, intermediate for steers and highest for heifers. Sexes differed in weight of fat adjusted to common muscle plus bone weight, heifers being fatter than steers and steers fatter than bulls, a difference probably resulting more from early onset of the fattening phase in heifers, followed by steers, rather than relative rate of fattening.

Histology of allometric growth in hindlimb muscles of pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
H. J. Swatland
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Longitudinal Growth ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles

SUMMARYHindlimbs of pigs were dissected at 4-week intervals from 9 to 29 weeks after birth. Allometric growth ratios of the gluteal muscles, biceps femoris and semitendinosus were calculated relative to gastrocnemius. Relative growth in weight of the proximal limb muscles was greater than that of the distal muscle, gastrocnemius. The greater relative growth of proximal muscles was not due to greater relative growth of muscle fibre diameters, nor to greater relative growth of muscle cross-sectional areas. In biceps femoris and gluteal muscles, growth in the area of musole cross sections did not keep pace with the radial growth of muscle fibres. The relative longitudinal growth of proximal limb bones exceeded that of distal bones, and the relative longitudinal growth of biceps femoris and semitendinosus exceeded that of any of the limb bones. New sarcomeres were added to muscle length at a faster rate in biceps femoris and semitendinosus than in the peroneus longus located distally in the limb.

Morphometric analysis of the Australian freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn P. Edwards ◽  
Grahame J. Webb ◽  
S. Charlie Manolis ◽  
Alex Mazanov
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Crocodylus Johnstoni ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
Freshwater Crocodile ◽  
Crocodylus Porosus ◽  
Australian Freshwater

We conducted a morphometric analysis of 279 Crocodylus johnstoni, using specimens from the McKinlay River (n = 265) and Arnhem Land (n = 14), to meet the management need for predicting body size of C. johnstoni from isolated body parts. The results also allow reconstruction of C. johnstoni dimensions for comparison with other crocodilian species. We detected sexual dimorphism in some body measurements from the McKinlay River, and geographic variation in the morphology of McKinlay River and Arnhem Land populations, but differences were slight. There is pronounced allometric growth in C. johnstoni in the immediate post-hatching phase, largely due to elongation of the snout after exiting the confines of the egg. We compared the size, shape and relative growth of C. johnstoni with that of other crocodilian species for which equivalent data are available, but particularly the other Australian crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. C. porosus has a proportionately longer tail and a shorter but wider snout than C. johnstoni, and we discuss possible ecological correlates of these and other differences.

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