scholarly journals The Meaning of the Phrase τα στοιχεια του κοσμου in Galatians

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTINUS C. DE BOER
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
The Law

This article seeks a fresh answer to the difficult question of the meaning of the phrase τα στοιχεια του κοσμου in Gal 4.3. The answer is sought by paying close attention to (1) the argumentative context of Paul's use of the phrase in the letter (he posits some sort of equivalence between the veneration of τα στοιχεια του κοσμου and the observance of the Law; he does so for contextually relevant theological and rhetorical reasons), and (2) the cultural-historical context of the addressees, the Gentile believers in Galatia (τα στοιχεια are ‘the gods’ they once venerated; this veneration involved calendrical observances).

Lamarck’s Two Legacies: A 21st-Century Perspective on Use-Disuse and the Inheritance of Acquired Characters

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jablonka ◽  
Ehud Lamm
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Biological Plasticity ◽  
Inheritance Of Acquired Characters ◽  
The Law ◽  
Acquired Characters

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Abstract </strong></span>| Lamarck has left many legacies for future generations of biologists<span class="s2"><strong>. </strong></span>His best known legacy was an explicit suggestion, developed in the <em>Philosophie zoologique </em>(PZ), that the effects of use and disuse (acquired characters) can be inherited and can drive species transformation.This suggestion was formulated as two laws, which we refer to as the law of biological plasticity and the law of phenotypic continuity<span class="s2"><strong>. </strong></span>We put these laws in their historical context and distinguish between Lamarck’s key insights and later neo-Lamarckian interpretations of his ideas<span class="s2"><strong>.</strong></span>We argue that Lamarck’s emphasis on the role played by the organization of living beings and his physiological model of reproduction are directly relevant to 21st-century concerns, and illustrate this by discussing intergenerational genomic continuity and cultural evolution.</p>

The ‘Always Speaking’ Approach to Statutes (and the Significance of Its Misapplication in Aubrey v The Queen)

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Statutory Interpretation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
Do So ◽  
Legal Meaning

This article clarifies the nature and scope of the ‘always speaking’ approach to statutes in Anglo-Antipodean law. To do so is important. For whilst it is now considered interpretive orthodoxy to treat statutes as ‘always speaking’, what that entails in terms of doctrine and application is not always clear. It is, however, recognised that whether or not a statute attracts the operation of the ‘always speaking’ approach can sometimes be a difficult question to answer. In order to do so judges have at their disposal the interpretive tools (and method) provided by the ‘modern approach’ to statutory interpretation. Indeed, in these cases maybe close attention to the contextualism which lies at the heart of the ‘modern approach’ is a more satisfactory way of determining the legal meaning of a statute than to presume that it is ‘always speaking’.

3. Agreement problems

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-122
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin ◽  
Séverine Saintier
Keyword(s):  
Gap Filling ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
The Law

Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provides an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter examines principles that determine when an agreement can be enforced with sufficient certainty and whether liability will arise in the absence of agreement. An apparent contract will be void if the terms are considered too uncertain or where there is no context for gap filling. But this must be balanced with the need to prevent the parties from using allegations of uncertainty to escape from bad bargains. This chapter therefore considers how the courts deal with the difficult question over agreements to agree. This chapter also considers mistakes that prevent agreement (mutual or cross-purposes mistakes and unilateral mistake as to terms, particularly identity mistakes). It also examines the availability of the remedy of rectification when the contract that does not accurately reflect what the parties agreed. The chapter also considers the defence of non est factum (this is not my deed).

The Timor Sea Conciliation and Treaty: Timor-Leste’s Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Exposto
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Timor Sea ◽  
The Law

Abstract The delimitation of maritime boundaries between Timor-Leste and Australia was a historic process initiated under the compulsory conciliation mechanism in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The resulting Treaty between the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste and Australia Establishing their Maritime Boundaries in the Timor Sea (‘Timor Sea Treaty’) reflects a remarkable achievement for the young nation of Timor-Leste in securing its sovereign maritime rights. This contribution examines the historical context which led to the Timor Sea Treaty, the challenges faced during the negotiation process, and the significance of the Timor Sea Treaty to the renewed relationship between the two countries.

scholarly journals The New Precariousness: Temporary Migrants and the Law in Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Economic Participation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Temporary Migrants ◽  
Migration Law

AbstractIn this article, I argue that precarious migration status can be used as an organizing concept for an analysis of (im)migration law in Canada. After situating the regulation of precarious migrants in the historical context of the liberal/neo-liberal shift of the 1970s, I argue that the increase in migrant precariousness over the past few years is likely to increase as a result of recent legislative changes in both refugee and migrant-worker law. Finally, I offer a critique of the traditional liberal argument for migrant rights, inviting an alternative approach to establish migrant rights on the basis of economic participation.

The Law Society of Ireland Library; Serving the Solicitors' Profession in Challenging Times

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gaynor
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Library Service ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMary Gaynor gives a brief outline of the historical context of the establishment and development of the Law Society of Ireland library service. She describes core services to solicitor members and trainee solicitors. The impact of the economic recession on the number of solicitors entering, and staying within the profession, is discussed in the context of how the library has adapted to meet the changing needs of its users.

scholarly journals DINAMIKA ZAKAT DALAM TINJAUAN SEJARAH KEINDONESIAAN: KAJIAN POSITIFIKASI DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI EKONOMI UMAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Suad Fikriawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
New Order ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
Old Order ◽  
The Law ◽  
Collection And Management ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This study aims to outline how it should go back to the era when the charity in terms of its historical context by tracing regulations since the pre-colonial, Kolonia, the old order, a new order and until the era of reform. This study suggests that the zakat law positifikasi believed by many good scholars, Muslim scholars, and charity watchdog, as the best solution for the realization of the optimization of the collection and management of zaka, as one obligation for Muslims. Then the Law no. 38 of 1999 on Zakah Management is aimed at optimizing the distribution of zakat economic equality and development, but it needs to be supported by a business entity Zakah is a modern and professional. Zakah funds should be directed to small businesses run by the majority of the ummah, in this case agriculture, and the livelihoods of the majority of Muslims and people of Indonesia. Thus the charity will be able to influence the economic development of society.

The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabtai Rosenne
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Special Rapporteur ◽  
Priority List ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Law ◽  
High Seas

This article is divided into four parts. The first aims to place the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in its historical context. The second describes some aspects of the first three sessions of that Conference (1973–1975). In the third an account of major specific interests and conflicts which have appeared in this Conference is given. Finally, some tentative conclusions are drawn—tentative, because the Conference has not yet completed its labours.During its first session (1949) the newly established International Law Commission, set up by the General Assembly in accordance with the provision of Article 13 of the Charter relating to the codification and progressive development of international law, included the topics of the régime of the high seas and the régime of territorial waters in its provisional list of fourteen topics selected for codification. It placed the régime of the high seas on its priority list, and appointed Professor J.P.A. François (The Netherlands) as special rapporteur. At the recommendation of the General Assembly in resolution 374 (IV) of 6 December 1949 the Commission in 1950 included the régime of territorial waters on its priority list, and in 1951 it initiated work on that topic, for which Professor François was also designated special rapporteur. The Commission was heavily occupied with both these topics until 1956.

The Consumer Credit Act 1974

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Goode
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Entire Field ◽  
The Law ◽  
Credit Law

The Consumer Credit Act, which after many vicissitudes was passed on 31 July 1974, represents the product of nearly six years' concentrated labour. The genesis of the Act was the appointment in 1968 of the Crowther Committee on Consumer Credit, whose twovolume Report covering the entire field of consumer credit, and much else besides, was published in March 1971. The Committee devoted close attention to the state of the law governing credit transactions, and at an early stage in its deliberations concluded that consumer credit could not be considered in isolation from the general legal framework within which credit was provided, whether for business or for consumers. Among the seven major defects in credit law identified by the Committee, three were fundamental.

The Ilian Tyrant-Killing Law

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Teegarden
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Law

This chapter focuses on the Ilian tyrant-killing law. The law is long and complex, its extant portions alone contain roughly twice the number of words as the Eretrian tyrant-killing law and 4.5 times as many words as the law of Eukrates (Ilion: 1,078; Eretria: 534; Eukrates: 227). This chapter first examines the provisions in order to ensure that we know what the Ilian pro-democrats actually promulgated. The second section presents the law's likely historical context. It considers both the circumstances within which the law was promulgated and the nature of tyrannical threat that confronted the Ilians at that time. The third and final section determines whether or not the law was effective.

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