scholarly journals Association of chronic stress, inflammation, body composition and dietary intake in Croatian university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Keser ◽  
Selma Cvijetić ◽  
Jasna Jurasović ◽  
Irena Colić Barić ◽  
Maja Kauzlarić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
University Students ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
T Score

AbstractIntroductionChronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) influence body composition and are key underlying factors in health and disease. New syndrome, osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), signifies the simultaneous impairment of bone, muscle, and adipose tissues and has been associated with poor diet and metabolic derangements. Hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis associated with hypercortisolemia and LGCI disrupts the metabolism of bone, muscle and, adipose tissue and may cause changes in eating behavior. Some nutrients involved in preventing/alleviating OSO and LCGI include protein, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, fiber and omega-3 fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the relations between chronic stress, LGCI, body composition and dietary intake in university students.Materials and MethodsParticipants were n = 50 graduate nutritional students (Age, 23.0 ± 1.4 years; BMI, 22.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2) [n = 45 females (90%)]. Advanced bio-impedance devices, BIA-ACC® and PPG-StressFlow® (BioTekna S.r.l., Marcon-Venice, Italy), were used to determine total bone mass (kg) and T-score; muscle mass (kg and % fat free mass) and S-score; and fat mass (kg and % of body weight), as well as extracellular water and HPA index (reference value > 3.5) as indicators of underlying LGCI and stress. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour recall and analyzed for all macro- and micro-nutrients.ResultsPositive correlation was found between HPA index and the intake of either total or animal protein, calcium and riboflavin, with r ranging from 0.3–0.35, all p < 0.05. HPA index also positively correlated with T-score (r = 0.39, p = 0.005) and S-score (r = 0.49, p = 0.0003). Total protein intake positively correlated with T-score (r = 0.32, p = 0.024) and animal protein with S-score (r = 0.34, p = 0.017).DiscussionOur results show that chronic stress, LGCI and body composition were interrelated in this young population and possibly augmented by higher protein and calcium intake. Screening for body composition dyshomeostasis, chronic stress and LGCI using innovative, non-invasive devices, along with assessing intake of some crucial nutrients, may provide quick and useful health information enabling prevention or early treatment of some linked disorders.

Body Composition, Strength, and Dietary Intake of Patients with Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Purcell ◽  
Robert Thornberry ◽  
Sarah A. Elliott ◽  
Lynn Panton ◽  
Michael J. Ormsbee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lower Grip

Purpose: To describe body composition (fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)), strength, and nutritional characteristics of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Methods: In this prospective pilot study, osteoarthritic patients underwent body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis, grip strength measurement, and completed a 24-h dietary recall during their pre-operative assessment. Results: Fifty-five patients were included (∼66% females, age 43–89 years). Mean ± SD body mass index (BMI) was 32.79 ± 6.48 kg/m2 and 62% were obese. Compared with hip osteoarthritis patients, knee osteoarthritis patients had a higher BMI (P = 0.018) and males with knee osteoarthritis had a lower grip strength (P = 0.028). There was a wide range in FM and FFM values across the BMI spectrum. Patients with a higher FM index (FMI, FM/height in m2) had higher levels of pain (P = 0.036) and females with higher FMI had a lower grip strength (P = 0.048). Dietary under-reporting was common and many patients did not meet recommendations for protein, vitamins C and E, or omega-3 fatty acids. Those who consumed less protein than the recommended dietary allowance were older (P = 0.018). Conclusions: A wide variability of body composition and dietary intake was observed which may impact strength and ultimately affect physical function. As such, patients with osteoarthritis may benefit from targeted nutrition and physical activity interventions before and after surgery.

scholarly journals Effect of very low-calorie ketogenic diet in combination with omega-3 on inflammation, satiety hormones, body composition, and metabolic markers. A pilot study in class I obese subjects

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Rondanelli ◽  
Simone Perna ◽  
Zahra Ilyas ◽  
Gabriella Peroni ◽  
Philip Bazire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Class I ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Class I Obesity

Abstract Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effects of a VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation (VLCKD diet only lasted for some weeks, and it was followed by a non-ketogenic LCD for the rest of the study period) on body composition, visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers. Methods It has been performed a pilot open label study lasted 90 days, in a cohort of 12 women with class I obesity aged 18 to 65 years. Data on body composition (evaluated by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry—DXA), visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers were recorded. Results This study showed a body weight reduction mean difference over time of −13.7 kg and the waist circumference mean difference decrease of −13.3 cm. Also, the fat mass (FM) decreased—9.1 kg and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)—0.41 kg. No effects on fat-free mass (FFM) have been reported. Improvements were observed in the satiety hormones, with increased ghrelin and decreased leptin, and also in the metabolic profiles. Conclusions A VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation appears to be an effective strategy for promoting an high loss of FM with preservation of FFM in patients with class I obesity.

Body composition and dietary intake in patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002359
Author(s):  
Bing Zhuang ◽  
Lichuan Zhang ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Yiwei Cao ◽  
Yian Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ObjectivesTo investigate the body composition and dietary intake in the patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) during radiotherapy (RT), and explore the relationship between them.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal observational study. Adult patients with HNC undergoing RT between March 2017 and August 2018 were recruited. Patients’ body compositions were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dietary intake was recorded by 24-hour dietary recall at three time points, including baseline (T1), mid-treatment (T2) and post-treatment (T3). Patients were divided into low, middle and high energy intake groups based on the average daily energy intake (DEI). Changes in body weight (BW), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among these three groups were compared.ResultsFrom T1 to T3, the median loss of patients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM was 4.60, 1.90, 2.60 and 1.50 kg, respectively. The loss of BW was more dramatic from T2 to T3 than that from T1 to T2. BW loss was mainly contributed by SMM loss from T1 to T2 and by FM loss from T2 to T3. Meanwhile, patients’ dietary intake reduced during treatment. High DEI group had a significantly attenuated loss of patients’ BW, FFM, SMM and FM compared with the low DEI group.ConclusionPatients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM all significantly reduced, especially from T2 to T3, with decreased DEI during RT, which stresses the importance of nutrition intervention during the whole course of RT.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Newborn Body Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne P Starling ◽  
Katherine A Sauder ◽  
Jill L Kaar ◽  
Allison LB Shapiro ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Maternal Dietary Intake

Abstract Background: Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy may influence offspring growth and adiposity. Specific dietary patterns associated with newborn adiposity have not been identified. Objective: We aimed to identify patterns of maternal dietary intake associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) and fasting glucose during pregnancy and to evaluate whether adherence to these patterns is associated with newborn adiposity. Methods: In the Healthy Start prospective cohort, dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed via 24-h recalls. Reduced-rank regression identified dietary patterns predictive of GWG and fasting glucose. Associations between dietary patterns and newborn fat mass, fat-free mass, and adiposity were estimated by using linear regression models among 764 ethnically diverse mother-infant pairs. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified. Pattern 1, correlated with greater GWG (r = 0.22, P &lt; 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of poultry, nuts, cheese, fruits, whole grains, added sugars, and solid fats. Greater adherence to pattern 1 (upper compared with lower tertile) predicted a greater newborn fat-free mass (61 g; 95% CI: 12, 110 g) but no difference in fat mass or adiposity. Pattern 2, correlated with greater maternal fasting glucose (r = 0.16, P &lt; 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of eggs, starchy vegetables, solid fats, fruits, and nonwhole grains and a lower consumption of dairy foods, dark-green vegetables, and whole grains. Greater adherence to pattern 2 was associated with a greater newborn birth weight (80 g; 95% CI: 15, 145 g), fat mass (33 g; 95% CI: 8, 59 g), and adiposity (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.6%). Conclusions: Among pregnant women, adherence to a dietary pattern characterized by an intake of poultry, nuts, cheese, and whole grains was associated with greater GWG but not maternal fasting glucose or newborn adiposity. Adherence to a pattern characterized by an intake of eggs, starchy vegetables, and nonwhole grains was associated with higher maternal fasting glucose and greater newborn adiposity. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy may influence newborn body composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Short Term Omega-3 Supplementation on Body Composition, Food Intake, and Lipid Profile in Elite Athletes: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Moradi ◽  
Mohamadreza Alivand ◽  
Yaser Khaje-Bishak ◽  
Mohamad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽  
Maedeh Alipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Anthropometric Measures

Abstract Background and Aims: animal studies consistently showed a key role for omega-3s in decreasing fat mass (FM). Also, previous studies have shown that increased omega-3 stimulates fat loss in individuals who experience obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, it is not known whether omega-3 supplementation make similar effects in healthy individuals with low FM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 on changes in body composition, food intake, and lipid profile in healthy athletes.Methods: 36 healthy men were allocated into either the supplement or the placebo group. Dietary intake assessed by the 24-hour food recall, before and after the intervention. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and lipid profile were measured at baseline and after 3-weeks.Results: The weight did not significantly change at the end of the study. Body fat percent decreased significantly at the end of the study in the omega-3 group (p= 0.003), but intergroup differences were not significant. FM decreased but fat free mass (FFM) increased in omega-3 groups (p<0.05). In Lipid profile indices just HDL-C increased (for omega-3 group p=0.001; for placebo group p=0.01; after adjustments p=0.78). Also, in the omega-3 group, energy intake (p=0.0007) and protein intake (p=0.04) after intervention increased, but after baseline adjustments they were not significant.Conclusion: 3-week omega-3 supplementation seems to be not effective in decreased FM, and increased HDL-C, and energy and protein intake in elite athletes. Further studies are recommended to determine the effect of different doses of omega-3 on adipose tissue in athletes with low FM.Clinical Trial Registration The present study was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Studies on December 19, 2019 (ID: 20190625044008N1). https://en.irct.ir/trial/43332.

scholarly journals Predicting Osteoporosis with Body Compositions in Postmenopausal Women: A Noninvasive Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsiu Hsu ◽  
Wei-Bin Hsu ◽  
Chun-Hao Fan ◽  
Wen-Wei Robert Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Community Screening ◽  
T Score

Abstract Background: The prevalence of osteoporosis is rising steadily as the aging population increases. Bone mineral density (BMD) assessment is an established test for osteoporosis. However, the accessibility and radiation exposure limited its role in community screening. A more convenient approach for screening is suggested.Methods: A total of 363 postmenopausal women over 50 age were included in this study and assessed with the body composition [including fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and basal metabolic rate (BMR)] and BMD. Normal distributions and correlation coefficients among variables were calculated using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson’s correlation analysis, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under ROC curves (AUC) was determined the optimal cut-off values of the body composition variables for osteoporosis prediction.Results: The correlation coefficient of FFM, FM, FM ratio and BMR with femur neck T-score were 0.373, 0.266, 0.165, and 0.369, respectively while with spine T-score were 0.350, 0.251, 0.166, and 0.352, respectively (p<0.01 for all). FFM, FM, and BMR showed an optimal cut-off value of 37.9 kg, 18.6 kg, and 1187.5 kcal for detecting osteoporosis.Conclusions: The present study provided a model to predict osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and the optimal cut-off value of FFM, FM, and BMR could be calculated in Asian population. Among these factors, BMR seemed a better predictor than others. The BMR could be a target for exercise intervention in postmenopausal women for maintaining or improving BMD.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02936336. Registered 13 October 2016 -Retrospectively registered

scholarly journals Energy intake, physical activity and body weight: a simulation model

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp ◽  
Jeroen H. H. L. M. Donkers ◽  
Elisabeth W. H. M. Fredrix ◽  
Piet oekhoudt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass

In adults, body mass (BM) and its components fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) are normally regulated at a constant level. Changes in FM and FFM are dependent on energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). The body defends itself against an imbalance between EI and EE by adjusting, within limits, the one to the other. When, at a given EI or EE, energy balance cannot be reached, FM and FFM will change, eventually resulting in an energy balance at a new value. A model is described which simulates changes in FM and FFM using EI and physical activity (PA) as input variables. EI can be set at a chosen value or calculated from dietary intake with a database on the net energy of foods. PA can be set at a chosen multiple of basal metabolic rate (BMR) or calculated from the activity budget with a database on the energy cost of activities in multiples of BMR. BMR is calculated from FFM and FM and, if necessary, FFM is calculated from BM, height, sex and age, using empirical equations. The model uses existing knowledge on the adaptation of energy expenditure (EE) to an imbalance between EI and EE, and to resulting changes in FM and FFM. Mobilization and storage of energy as FM and FFM are functions of the relative size of the deficit (EI/EE) and of the body composition. The model was validated with three recent studies measuring EE at a fixed EI during an interval with energy restriction, overfeeding and exercise training respectively. Discrepancies between observed and simulated changes in energy stores were within the measurement precision of EI, EE and body composition. Thus the consequences of a change in dietary intake or a change in physical activity on body weight and body composition can be simulated.

scholarly journals Predicting Osteoporosis with Body Compositions in Postmenopausal Women: A Noninvasive Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsiu Hsu ◽  
Wei-Bin Hsu ◽  
Chun-Hao Fan ◽  
Wen-Wei Robert Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Community Screening ◽  
T Score

Abstract Background: The prevalence of osteoporosis is rising steadily as the aging population increases. Bone mineral density (BMD) assessment is a more effort procedure to analyze osteoporosis. However, the accessibility and radiation exposure limited its role in community screening. A more convenient approach for screening is suggested.Methods: A total of 363 postmenopausal women over 50 age were included in this study and assessed with the body composition [including fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and basal metabolic rate (BMR)] and BMD. Normal distributions and correlation coefficients among variables were calculated using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson’s correlation analysis, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under ROC curves (AUC) was determined the optimal cut-off values of the body composition variables for osteoporosis prediction.Results: The correlation coefficient of FFM, FM, FM ratio and BMR with femur neck T-score were 0.373, 0.266, 0.165, and 0.369, respectively while with spine T-score were 0.350, 0.251, 0.166, and 0.352, respectively (p<0.01 for all). FFM, FM, and BMR showed an optimal cut-off value of 37.9 kg, 18.6 kg, and 1187.5 kcal for detecting osteoporosis.Conclusions: The present study provided a model to predict osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and the optimal cut-off value of FFM, FM, and BMR could be calculated in Asian population. Among these factors, BMR seemed a better predictor than others. The BMR could be a target for exercise intervention in postmenopausal women for maintaining or improving BMD.

scholarly journals Associations between Avocado Consumption and Diet Quality, Dietary Intake, Measures of Obesity and Body Composition in Adolescents: The Teen Food and Development Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4489
Author(s):  
Gina Segovia-Siapco ◽  
Michael Paalani ◽  
Keiji Oda ◽  
Peter Pribis ◽  
Joan Sabaté
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Habitual Intake

Avocado is a nutrient-rich food that has been shown to benefit the health and diet quality of adults. In this paper, we examined if habitual intake of avocado among adolescents is associated with their diet quality, food and nutrient intake, and measures of obesity and body composition. Participants aged 12–18 years old (n = 534) from selected public and Adventist middle-high schools reported their dietary intake in a web-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); anthropometrics were measured during school visits. Diet quality (DQI-I) and avocado intake were calculated from the FFQ; BMI z-scores (BMIz), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and %body fat (%BF) were determined from the anthropometric data. Compared to non-consumers, avocado consumers had significantly higher covariate-adjusted mean scores on total DQI-I (68.3 vs. 64.6) and energy-adjusted mean scores on variety (18.8 vs. 18.0) and adequacy (36.4 vs. 33.4). Avocado consumption was significantly associated with DQI-I components adequacy (β [SE] = 0.11 [0.03]) and moderation (β [SE] = 0.06 [0.03]) but not with BMIz, WHtR, FM, FFM, and %BF. Mean intakes of fruits, vegetables, and plant protein foods, total and vegetable proteins, dietary fiber, retinol, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, and potassium were significantly higher for avocado consumers; saturated and trans fats intakes were significantly higher for non-consumers. In our adolescent population, avocado consumption was associated with higher diet quality and intake of plant-based foods and shortfall nutrients, but not with measures of obesity and body composition. Studies are needed to determine the optimal amount of avocado that would confer health benefits during adolescence.

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