Body Composition, Strength, and Dietary Intake of Patients with Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis

Purpose: To describe body composition (fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)), strength, and nutritional characteristics of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Methods: In this prospective pilot study, osteoarthritic patients underwent body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis, grip strength measurement, and completed a 24-h dietary recall during their pre-operative assessment. Results: Fifty-five patients were included (∼66% females, age 43–89 years). Mean ± SD body mass index (BMI) was 32.79 ± 6.48 kg/m2 and 62% were obese. Compared with hip osteoarthritis patients, knee osteoarthritis patients had a higher BMI (P = 0.018) and males with knee osteoarthritis had a lower grip strength (P = 0.028). There was a wide range in FM and FFM values across the BMI spectrum. Patients with a higher FM index (FMI, FM/height in m2) had higher levels of pain (P = 0.036) and females with higher FMI had a lower grip strength (P = 0.048). Dietary under-reporting was common and many patients did not meet recommendations for protein, vitamins C and E, or omega-3 fatty acids. Those who consumed less protein than the recommended dietary allowance were older (P = 0.018). Conclusions: A wide variability of body composition and dietary intake was observed which may impact strength and ultimately affect physical function. As such, patients with osteoarthritis may benefit from targeted nutrition and physical activity interventions before and after surgery.

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Association of chronic stress, inflammation, body composition and dietary intake in Croatian university students

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120001408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Irena Keser ◽

Selma Cvijetić ◽

Jasna Jurasović ◽

Irena Colić Barić ◽

Maja Kauzlarić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

University Students ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Reference Value ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Low Grade ◽

Omega 3 ◽

T Score

AbstractIntroductionChronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) influence body composition and are key underlying factors in health and disease. New syndrome, osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), signifies the simultaneous impairment of bone, muscle, and adipose tissues and has been associated with poor diet and metabolic derangements. Hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis associated with hypercortisolemia and LGCI disrupts the metabolism of bone, muscle and, adipose tissue and may cause changes in eating behavior. Some nutrients involved in preventing/alleviating OSO and LCGI include protein, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, fiber and omega-3 fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the relations between chronic stress, LGCI, body composition and dietary intake in university students.Materials and MethodsParticipants were n = 50 graduate nutritional students (Age, 23.0 ± 1.4 years; BMI, 22.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2) [n = 45 females (90%)]. Advanced bio-impedance devices, BIA-ACC® and PPG-StressFlow® (BioTekna S.r.l., Marcon-Venice, Italy), were used to determine total bone mass (kg) and T-score; muscle mass (kg and % fat free mass) and S-score; and fat mass (kg and % of body weight), as well as extracellular water and HPA index (reference value > 3.5) as indicators of underlying LGCI and stress. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour recall and analyzed for all macro- and micro-nutrients.ResultsPositive correlation was found between HPA index and the intake of either total or animal protein, calcium and riboflavin, with r ranging from 0.3–0.35, all p < 0.05. HPA index also positively correlated with T-score (r = 0.39, p = 0.005) and S-score (r = 0.49, p = 0.0003). Total protein intake positively correlated with T-score (r = 0.32, p = 0.024) and animal protein with S-score (r = 0.34, p = 0.017).DiscussionOur results show that chronic stress, LGCI and body composition were interrelated in this young population and possibly augmented by higher protein and calcium intake. Screening for body composition dyshomeostasis, chronic stress and LGCI using innovative, non-invasive devices, along with assessing intake of some crucial nutrients, may provide quick and useful health information enabling prevention or early treatment of some linked disorders.

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Effect of very low-calorie ketogenic diet in combination with omega-3 on inflammation, satiety hormones, body composition, and metabolic markers. A pilot study in class I obese subjects

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-021-02860-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariangela Rondanelli ◽

Simone Perna ◽

Zahra Ilyas ◽

Gabriella Peroni ◽

Philip Bazire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Class I ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Open Label ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

High Loss ◽

Class I Obesity

Abstract Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effects of a VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation (VLCKD diet only lasted for some weeks, and it was followed by a non-ketogenic LCD for the rest of the study period) on body composition, visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers. Methods It has been performed a pilot open label study lasted 90 days, in a cohort of 12 women with class I obesity aged 18 to 65 years. Data on body composition (evaluated by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry—DXA), visceral fat, satiety hormones, inflammatory and metabolic markers were recorded. Results This study showed a body weight reduction mean difference over time of −13.7 kg and the waist circumference mean difference decrease of −13.3 cm. Also, the fat mass (FM) decreased—9.1 kg and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)—0.41 kg. No effects on fat-free mass (FFM) have been reported. Improvements were observed in the satiety hormones, with increased ghrelin and decreased leptin, and also in the metabolic profiles. Conclusions A VLCKD combined with omega-3 supplementation appears to be an effective strategy for promoting an high loss of FM with preservation of FFM in patients with class I obesity.

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The experience of life events and body composition in middle childhood: a population-based study

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01188-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ivonne P. M. Derks ◽

Sara Hannani ◽

Florianne O. L. Vehmeijer ◽

Henning Tiemeier ◽

Pauline W. Jansen

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Life Events ◽

Middle Childhood ◽

Population Based ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Relationship ◽

Dutch Children

AbstractWhile studies suggest potential influences of childhood adversities on obesity development in adulthood, less is known about the short-term association in children. We examined the association between a wide range of life events experienced in the first ten years of life (including maltreatment and milder adversities) and body composition in 5333 ten-year old Dutch children. In structured interviews, mothers retrospectively reported on their children’s experience of 24 events. BMI was calculated, and fat mass index and fat free mass index were determined by dual-x-ray absorptiometry scanning. Linear regressions showed that, unadjusted, a higher number of life events was associated with higher BMI and body composition. However, associations attenuated to non-significance after adjustment for covariates. Similar findings were observed for maltreatment and milder life events. Thus, the number of experienced life events was not associated with body composition in middle childhood. Rather, other factors, like socioeconomic conditions, accounted for the relationship between life events and weight development in children.

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Is the effect of testosterone on body composition modulated by the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism in elderly men?

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-06-0607 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 156 (3) ◽

pp. 395-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

B Lapauw ◽

S Goemaere ◽

P Crabbe ◽

J M Kaufman ◽

J B Ruige

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Repeat Length ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cag Repeat ◽

Repeat Polymorphism ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Body Composition Assessment

Objective: The androgen receptor (AR) gene contains a CAG repeat polymorphism coding for a polyglutamine chain, the length of which is inversely correlated with AR transcriptional activity. We explored whether this polymorphism modulates the activities of testosterone (T) related to body composition in elderly men. Design: We performed cross-sectional analyses using data from a 4-year follow-up study in community-dwelling men aged 75–89 years (n=159). Methods: Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and its relation with T and the AR gene CAG repeat length was assessed by multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for confounding and exploring effect modification. Results: AR gene CAG repeat length was not directly related to body composition, either with or without adjustment for confounding variables like age, weight, total T or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels. However, exploration of effect modification showed that CAG repeat length modulated the relation between T and body composition (standardized regression coefficients of interaction term: β=0.12, P<0.01 and β=−0.09, P<0.05 for fat-free mass and fat mass respectively). These results were confirmed using similar models and data of mean T, SHBG and weight of the 2 years’ preceding body composition assessment instead of data of the same year (β=0.09, P<0.05 and β=−0.09, P<0.05 respectively). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the AR gene CAG polymorphism contributes, albeit modestly, to the between-subject variation of T action on body composition in community-dwelling elderly men.

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Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition Assessed Using DXA and Surface Anthropometry Show Good Agreement in Elite Rugby Union Athletes

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adam J. Zemski ◽

Shelley E. Keating ◽

Elizabeth M. Broad ◽

Gary J. Slater

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Standard Error ◽

Rugby Union ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Empirical Measure ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Assessment Techniques ◽

Proportional Variation

Rugby union athletes have divergent body composition based on the demands of their on-field playing position and ethnicity. With an established association between physique traits and positional requirements, body composition assessment is routinely undertaken. Surface anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are the most common assessment techniques used, often undertaken synchronously. This study aims to investigate the association between DXA and surface anthropometry when assessing longitudinal changes in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in rugby union athletes. Thirty-nine elite male rugby union athletes (age: 25.7 ± 3.1 years, stature: 187.6 ± 7.7 cm, and mass: 104.1 ± 12.2 kg) underwent assessment via DXA and surface anthropometry multiple times over three consecutive international seasons. Changes in the lean mass index, an empirical measure to assess proportional variation in FFM, showed large agreement with changes in DXA FFM (r = .54, standard error of the estimate = 1.5%, p < .001); the strength of association was stronger among forwards (r = .63) compared with backs (r = .38). Changes in the sum of seven skinfolds showed very large agreement with changes in DXA FM (r = .73, standard error of the estimate = 5.8%, p < .001), with meaningful differences observed regardless of ethnicity (Whites: r = .75 and Polynesians: r = .62). The lean mass index and sum of seven skinfolds were able to predict the direction of change in FFM and FM 86% and 91% of the time, respectively, when DXA change was >1 kg. Surface anthropometry measures provide a robust indication of the direction of change in FFM and FM, although caution may need to be applied when interpreting magnitude of change, particularly with FM.

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Body composition and dietary intake in patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy: a longitudinal study

BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care ◽

10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002359 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bmjspcare-2020-002359

Author(s):

Bing Zhuang ◽

Lichuan Zhang ◽

Yujie Wang ◽

Yiwei Cao ◽

Yian Shih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

High Energy ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

ObjectivesTo investigate the body composition and dietary intake in the patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) during radiotherapy (RT), and explore the relationship between them.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal observational study. Adult patients with HNC undergoing RT between March 2017 and August 2018 were recruited. Patients’ body compositions were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dietary intake was recorded by 24-hour dietary recall at three time points, including baseline (T1), mid-treatment (T2) and post-treatment (T3). Patients were divided into low, middle and high energy intake groups based on the average daily energy intake (DEI). Changes in body weight (BW), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among these three groups were compared.ResultsFrom T1 to T3, the median loss of patients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM was 4.60, 1.90, 2.60 and 1.50 kg, respectively. The loss of BW was more dramatic from T2 to T3 than that from T1 to T2. BW loss was mainly contributed by SMM loss from T1 to T2 and by FM loss from T2 to T3. Meanwhile, patients’ dietary intake reduced during treatment. High DEI group had a significantly attenuated loss of patients’ BW, FFM, SMM and FM compared with the low DEI group.ConclusionPatients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM all significantly reduced, especially from T2 to T3, with decreased DEI during RT, which stresses the importance of nutrition intervention during the whole course of RT.

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Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Newborn Body Composition

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3945/jn.117.248948 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 147 (7) ◽

pp. 1334-1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Anne P Starling ◽

Katherine A Sauder ◽

Jill L Kaar ◽

Allison LB Shapiro ◽

Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Maternal Dietary Intake

Abstract Background: Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy may influence offspring growth and adiposity. Specific dietary patterns associated with newborn adiposity have not been identified. Objective: We aimed to identify patterns of maternal dietary intake associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) and fasting glucose during pregnancy and to evaluate whether adherence to these patterns is associated with newborn adiposity. Methods: In the Healthy Start prospective cohort, dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed via 24-h recalls. Reduced-rank regression identified dietary patterns predictive of GWG and fasting glucose. Associations between dietary patterns and newborn fat mass, fat-free mass, and adiposity were estimated by using linear regression models among 764 ethnically diverse mother-infant pairs. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified. Pattern 1, correlated with greater GWG (r = 0.22, P < 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of poultry, nuts, cheese, fruits, whole grains, added sugars, and solid fats. Greater adherence to pattern 1 (upper compared with lower tertile) predicted a greater newborn fat-free mass (61 g; 95% CI: 12, 110 g) but no difference in fat mass or adiposity. Pattern 2, correlated with greater maternal fasting glucose (r = 0.16, P < 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of eggs, starchy vegetables, solid fats, fruits, and nonwhole grains and a lower consumption of dairy foods, dark-green vegetables, and whole grains. Greater adherence to pattern 2 was associated with a greater newborn birth weight (80 g; 95% CI: 15, 145 g), fat mass (33 g; 95% CI: 8, 59 g), and adiposity (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.6%). Conclusions: Among pregnant women, adherence to a dietary pattern characterized by an intake of poultry, nuts, cheese, and whole grains was associated with greater GWG but not maternal fasting glucose or newborn adiposity. Adherence to a pattern characterized by an intake of eggs, starchy vegetables, and nonwhole grains was associated with higher maternal fasting glucose and greater newborn adiposity. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy may influence newborn body composition.

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Comparison of Body Composition Assessment Methods in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Wasting Receiving Growth Hormone

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2006-0431 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 91 (8) ◽

pp. 2952-2959 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

John G. Esposito ◽

Scott G. Thomas ◽

Lori Kingdon ◽

Shereen Ezzat

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Daily Injection ◽

Crossover Fashion ◽

Treatment Change ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Before And After ◽

Rhgh Treatment

Abstract Context: Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and skinfold anthropometry (SKF) have been used to monitor body composition among patients with HIV wasting; however, validation of these techniques during recombinant human GH (rhGH) treatment has not been performed. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the degree of agreement between criterion measurements of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and those of BIS and SKF in patients with HIV wasting treated with rhGH. Design and Setting: We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover trial at the University of Toronto and Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto, Canada). Patients: A referred sample of 27 community-dwelling men with HIV-associated weight loss (≥10% over preceding 12 months) despite optimal antiretroviral therapy participated in the study. Intervention: Intervention was one daily injection of rhGH (6 mg) or placebo self-administered for 3 months in a crossover fashion with a 3-month washout. Main Outcome Measures: Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by BIS, SKF, and DXA before and after rhGH and placebo treatment. Results: FFMBIS was not significantly different from FFMDXA after rhGH treatment (P = 0.10). Mean differences (bias ± sd) according to Bland-Altman analysis were smaller for SKF than for BIS (P < 0.05) at all time points, yet treatment-induced change in FM was better detected with BIS than with SKF. BIS estimates of FFM and FM showed better agreement with those of DXA after rhGH treatment (1.6 ± 4.6 kg and −2.1 ± 3.9 kg) compared with baseline (3.8 ± 3.5 kg and −4.1 ± 3.6 kg) and placebo (2.7 ± 4.4 kg and −3.1 ± 4.6) (P < 0.05). BIS overestimated and SKF underestimated the treatment-induced changes in FFM and FM. Conclusions: SKF was more accurate than BIS when measuring body composition in patients with HIV wasting before and after rhGH treatment; nonetheless, the accuracy of BIS increased after treatment. Change in FM because of treatment was not accurately assessed with SKF.

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Assessment of body composition in Indian adults: comparison between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and isotope dilution technique

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514001718 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (7) ◽

pp. 1147-1153

Author(s):

Bharati Kulkarni ◽

Hannah Kuper ◽

Amy Taylor ◽

Jonathan C. Wells ◽

K. V. Radhakrishna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Isotope Dilution ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Dilution Technique ◽

Limits Of Agreement ◽

Isotope Dilution Technique ◽

X Ray ◽

Reference Methods ◽

Wide Range

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and isotope dilution technique have been used as reference methods to validate the estimates of body composition by simple field techniques; however, very few studies have compared these two methods. We compared the estimates of body composition by DXA and isotope dilution (18O) technique in apparently healthy Indian men and women (aged 19–70 years,n152, 48 % men) with a wide range of BMI (14–40 kg/m2). Isotopic enrichment was assessed by isotope ratio mass spectroscopy. The agreement between the estimates of body composition measured by the two techniques was assessed by the Bland–Altman method. The mean age and BMI were 37 (sd15) years and 23·3 (sd5·1) kg/m2, respectively, for men and 37 (sd14) years and 24·1 (sd5·8) kg/m2, respectively, for women. The estimates of fat-free mass were higher by about 7 (95 % CI 6, 9) %, those of fat mass were lower by about 21 (95 % CI − 18, − 23) %, and those of body fat percentage (BF%) were lower by about 7·4 (95 % CI − 8·2, − 6·6) % as obtained by DXA compared with the isotope dilution technique. The Bland–Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement that indicated poor agreement between the methods. The bias in the estimates of BF% was higher at the lower values of BF%. Thus, the two commonly used reference methods showed substantial differences in the estimates of body composition with wide limits of agreement. As the estimates of body composition are method-dependent, the two methods cannot be used interchangeably.

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Effects of Short Term Omega-3 Supplementation on Body Composition, Food Intake, and Lipid Proﬁle in Elite Athletes: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-98846/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Moradi ◽

Mohamadreza Alivand ◽

Yaser Khaje-Bishak ◽

Mohamad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽

Maedeh Alipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Food Intake ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Anthropometric Measures

Abstract Background and Aims: animal studies consistently showed a key role for omega-3s in decreasing fat mass (FM). Also, previous studies have shown that increased omega-3 stimulates fat loss in individuals who experience obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, it is not known whether omega-3 supplementation make similar effects in healthy individuals with low FM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 on changes in body composition, food intake, and lipid proﬁle in healthy athletes.Methods: 36 healthy men were allocated into either the supplement or the placebo group. Dietary intake assessed by the 24-hour food recall, before and after the intervention. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and lipid proﬁle were measured at baseline and after 3-weeks.Results: The weight did not signiﬁcantly change at the end of the study. Body fat percent decreased signiﬁcantly at the end of the study in the omega-3 group (p= 0.003), but intergroup differences were not signiﬁcant. FM decreased but fat free mass (FFM) increased in omega-3 groups (p<0.05). In Lipid proﬁle indices just HDL-C increased (for omega-3 group p=0.001; for placebo group p=0.01; after adjustments p=0.78). Also, in the omega-3 group, energy intake (p=0.0007) and protein intake (p=0.04) after intervention increased, but after baseline adjustments they were not significant.Conclusion: 3-week omega-3 supplementation seems to be not effective in decreased FM, and increased HDL-C, and energy and protein intake in elite athletes. Further studies are recommended to determine the effect of different doses of omega-3 on adipose tissue in athletes with low FM.Clinical Trial Registration The present study was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Studies on December 19, 2019 (ID: 20190625044008N1). https://en.irct.ir/trial/43332.

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