Effects of Short Term Omega-3 Supplementation on Body Composition, Food Intake, and Lipid Profile in Elite Athletes: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract Background and Aims: animal studies consistently showed a key role for omega-3s in decreasing fat mass (FM). Also, previous studies have shown that increased omega-3 stimulates fat loss in individuals who experience obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, it is not known whether omega-3 supplementation make similar effects in healthy individuals with low FM. This study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 on changes in body composition, food intake, and lipid profile in healthy athletes.Methods: 36 healthy men were allocated into either the supplement or the placebo group. Dietary intake assessed by the 24-hour food recall, before and after the intervention. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and lipid profile were measured at baseline and after 3-weeks.Results: The weight did not significantly change at the end of the study. Body fat percent decreased significantly at the end of the study in the omega-3 group (p= 0.003), but intergroup differences were not significant. FM decreased but fat free mass (FFM) increased in omega-3 groups (p<0.05). In Lipid profile indices just HDL-C increased (for omega-3 group p=0.001; for placebo group p=0.01; after adjustments p=0.78). Also, in the omega-3 group, energy intake (p=0.0007) and protein intake (p=0.04) after intervention increased, but after baseline adjustments they were not significant.Conclusion: 3-week omega-3 supplementation seems to be not effective in decreased FM, and increased HDL-C, and energy and protein intake in elite athletes. Further studies are recommended to determine the effect of different doses of omega-3 on adipose tissue in athletes with low FM.Clinical Trial Registration The present study was prospectively registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Studies on December 19, 2019 (ID: 20190625044008N1). https://en.irct.ir/trial/43332.