scholarly journals Dietary influences on chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma: a review of the epidemiological evidence

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette A. Smit ◽  
Linda Grievink ◽  
Cora Tabak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
The Relationship

The epidemiological evidence for a relationship between diet and indicators of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is evaluated. The review focuses on the intake of Na,n−3 fatty acids, and antioxidant vitamins as well as fruit and vegetables. Experimental studies suggest that a high-Na diet has a small adverse effect on airway reactivity in asthma patients. However, observational studies provide no clear evidence that high Na intake has adverse effects on airway reactivity or asthma symptoms in open populations.n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are present in fish oils, are metabolized into less broncho-constricting and inflammatory mediators thann−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies in the general adult population suggest that a high fish intake has a beneficial effect on lung function, but the relationship with respiratory symptoms and clinically-manifest asthma or COPD is less evident. Also, experimental studies in asthma patients have not demonstrated an improvement in asthma severity after supplementation with fish oil. Several studies showed a beneficial association between fruit and vegetable intake and lung function, but the relationship with respiratory symptoms and the clinically-manifest disease was less convincing. A similar pattern was found for vitamin C in relation to indicators of asthma and COPD, but there are still conflicting results with respect to vitamin E and β-carotene. In conclusion, the epidemiological evidence for a beneficial effect on indicators of asthma and COPD of eating fish, fruit and vegetables is increasing. However, the effectiveness of dietary supplementation in open-population samples is often not demonstrated. Several unresolved questions are raised, which should be addressed in future studies on the relationship between diet and respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Dual Nature of Relationship between Mycobacteria and Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8332
Author(s):  
Marek Fol ◽  
Piotr Koziński ◽  
Jakub Kulesza ◽  
Piotr Białecki ◽  
Magdalena Druszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
The Relationship

Although the therapeutic effect of mycobacteria as antitumor agents has been known for decades, recent epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed that mycobacterium-related chronic inflammation may be a possible mechanism of cancer pathogenesis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium avium complex infections have been implicated as potentially contributing to the etiology of lung cancer, whereas Mycobacterium ulcerans has been correlated with skin carcinogenesis. The risk of tumor development with chronic mycobacterial infections is thought to be a result of many host effector mechanisms acting at different stages of oncogenesis. In this paper, we focus on the nature of the relationship between mycobacteria and cancer, describing the clinical significance of mycobacteria-based cancer therapy as well as epidemiological evidence on the contribution of chronic mycobacterial infections to the increased lung cancer risk.

scholarly journals Effects of Obesity and Asthma on Lung Function and Airway Dysanapsis in Adults and Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3762
Author(s):  
Ebymar Arismendi ◽  
Marina Bantulà ◽  
Miguel Perpiñá ◽  
César Picado
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
Asthma Morbidity ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Adults And Children

Obesity increases the risk of developing asthma in children and adults. Obesity is associated with different effects on lung function in children and adults. In adults, obesity has been associated with reduced lung function resulting from a relatively small effect on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), with the FEV1/FVC ratio remaining unchanged or mildly increased (restrictive pattern). In contrast, in children, obesity is associated with normal or higher FEV1 and FVC but a lower FEV1/FVC ratio (obstructive pattern). This anomaly has recently been associated with a phenomenon known as dysanapsis which results from a disproportionate growth between lung parenchyma size and airway calibre. The mechanisms that promote disproportionate lung parenchyma growth compared with airways in obese children remain to be elucidated. Obesity and dysanapsis in asthma patients might contribute to asthma morbidity by increasing airway obstruction, airway hyper-reactivity and airway inflammation. Obesity and dysanapsis in asthma patients are associated with increased medication use, more emergency department visits, hospitalizations and systemic corticosteroid burst than patients with normal weight. Dysanapsis may explain the reduced response to asthma medications in obese children. Weight loss results in a significant improvement in lung function, airway reactivity and asthma control. Whether these improvements are associated with the changes in the dysanaptic alteration is as yet unclear.

scholarly journals Association of bone mineral density with lung function in a Chinese general population: the Xinxiang rural cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zeng ◽  
Dongling Liu ◽  
Xiangmei Zhao ◽  
Ling Chao ◽  
Yuchun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Bone mineral density (BMD) has been positively associated with lung function in patients diagnosed with respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis. However, the relationship between BMD and lung function is inconsistent in the general population. Methods To investigate the association between BMD and lung function in a Chinese general population, a total of 1024 adults aged 40–70 years old from Qiliying (an industrial polluted exposure area) and Langgongmiao (the reference area with non-industrial pollution) were recruited and underwent BMD and spirometry tests. Results Both BMD and lung function levels were lower in the exposed area compared to the reference area. In addition, BMD and lung function levels were also lower in females compared to males. Both Spearman and partial correlation analyses showed that BMD was positively correlated with FVC and FEV1. After adjusting linear regression analyses for potential confounding factors, every 0.1 g/cm2 drop in BMD was associated with 53.0 mL decrease in FVC and 33.5 mL decrease in FEV1. Conclusions A reduction of BMD is associated with lower lung function in a general population from China.

scholarly journals Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function among Ethiopian Women in Relation to Household Fuel Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Tamire ◽  
Adamu Addissie ◽  
Abera Kumie ◽  
Emma Husmark ◽  
Susann Skovbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Exposure to household air pollution has been linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. This study aims to assess respiratory symptoms and lung function among Ethiopian women in relation to exposure to HAP. We conducted a cross-sectional study among non-smoking women responsible for household cooking. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms and risk factors using a validated questionnaire. Spirometry with reversibility testing was performed according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines. We used independent t-test and multivariable logistic regression to compare the means and measure association respectively. A total of 545 women participated in the study out of which 231 (42.3%) performed spirometry with at least three acceptable manoeuvres. Everyone in the rural group and 43% of the urban group were exposed to HAP from solid fuels during cooking. The odds of developing at least one respiratory symptom when compared with those using cleaner fuels are twice as high for women cooking within the living house. We also found significantly lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (L) among solid fuels users compared with cleaner energy users. Given the larger population settlement in the rural areas and the use of solid fuel as the only energy source, there is a higher risk of developing chronic respiratory health problems for those women in Ethiopia.

Airway reactivity and lung function in triiodothyronine-induced thyrotoxicosis

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1485-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Irwin ◽  
M. R. Pratter ◽  
D. H. Stivers ◽  
L. E. Braverman
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
The Mean

To evaluate the possible relationship between asthma and hyperthyroidism, airway reactivity and lung function were prospectively compared in healthy volunteers before, during, and after liothyronine (triiodothyronine, T3)-induced hyperthyroidism. Base-line evaluation of the 10 subjects included clinical evaluation, thyroid and pulmonary function tests, and airway reactivity assessed by methacholine inhalational challenge (MIC). All studies were normal. During T3-induced hyperthyroidism, no subject developed respiratory symptoms or changes in pulmonary function or airway reactivity. The mean percent change in forced expiratory volume at 1 s from base line (delta FEV1) of -2.4 +/- 3.0 after MIC was not significantly different from that obtained before T3 administration (-1.4 +/- 1.5, P greater than 0.2). When all serum T3 concentrations and delta FEV1 values before, during and after T3-induced hyperthyroidism were compared, there was no significant correlation. We conclude that T3-induced hyperthyroidism of 3-wk duration has no effect on airway reactivity or lung function in normal volunteers.

scholarly journals BMI is associated with FEV1 decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis of clinical trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilan Sun ◽  
Stephen Milne ◽  
Jen Erh Jaw ◽  
Chen Xi Yang ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background There is considerable heterogeneity in the rate of lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the determinants of which are largely unknown. Observational studies in COPD indicate that low body mass index (BMI) is associated with worse outcomes, and overweight/obesity has a protective effect – the so-called “obesity paradox”. We aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and the rate of FEV1 decline in data from published clinical trials in COPD. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature, and identified 5 randomized controlled trials reporting the association between BMI and FEV1 decline. Four of these were included in the meta-analyses. We analyzed BMI in 4 categories: BMI-I (< 18.5 or <  20 kg/m2), BMI-II (18.5 or 20 to < 25 kg/m2), BMI-III (25 to < 29 or < 30 kg/m2) and BMI-IV (≥29 or ≥ 30 kg/m2). We then performed a meta-regression of all the estimates against the BMI category. Results The estimated rate of FEV1 decline decreased with increasing BMI. Meta-regression of the estimates showed that BMI was significantly associated with the rate of FEV1 decline (linear trend p = 1.21 × 10− 5). Conclusions These novel findings support the obesity paradox in COPD: compared to normal BMI, low BMI is a risk factor for accelerated lung function decline, whilst high BMI has a protective effect. The relationship may be due to common but as-of-yet unknown causative factors; further investigation into which may reveal novel endotypes or targets for therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Sleep Apnoea Adverse Effects on Cancer: True, False, or Too Many Confounders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8779
Author(s):  
David Gozal ◽  
Isaac Almendros ◽  
Amanda I. Phipps ◽  
Francisco Campos-Rodriguez ◽  
Miguel A. Martínez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder associated with increased cardiovascular, metabolic and neurocognitive morbidity. Recently, an increasing number of basic, clinical and epidemiological reports have suggested that OSA may also increase the risk of cancer, and adversely impact cancer progression and outcomes. This hypothesis is convincingly supported by biological evidence linking certain solid tumours and hypoxia, as well as by experimental studies involving cell and animal models testing the effects of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation that characterize OSA. However, the clinical and epidemiological studies do not conclusively confirm that OSA adversely affects cancer, even if they hold true for specific cancers such as melanoma. It is likely that the inconclusive studies reflect that they were not specifically designed to test the hypothesis or because of the heterogeneity of the relationship of OSA with different cancer types or even sub-types. This review critically focusses on the extant basic, clinical, and epidemiological evidence while formulating proposed directions on how the field may move forward.

scholarly journals Correlation of illness perception, asthma control, and lung function value to the quality of life of asthma outpatients

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Nadia Aisah Mayzika ◽  
Asri Wido Mukti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease and chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract that has an impact on the decreased quality of life. The design of this research is non-experimental cross-sectional. The variables of this study are illness perception, control of asthma, lung function values, and life quality of asthma patients. The relationship of asthma control, illness perception, lung function value, and life quality of asthma patients can be seen with structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS software. The results are only control of asthma affects life quality, where the coefficient value is 0.511, which is positive and significant (p = 0,000). Lung function value and asthma quality indicate that lung function has a positive relationship direction seen from the coefficient value of 0.306 but not significant (p = 0.061). The correlation between illness perception and life quality of asthma was negative, where the coefficient value was - 0.142 and not significantly different (p = 0.332). This means that the direction of the relationship is reversed; it means the quality of life of asthmatic patients, which affects illness perception by 14.2%. The conclusion is that the life quality of asthmatic patients is influenced by the control of asthma and lung function. But it’s different from illness perception, where there is a negative relationship between illness perception and life quality of asthma patients. Which means illness perception affects the life quality of asthma patients.

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