scholarly journals Malayan Wild Life

Oryx ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Keyword(s):  
Wild Birds ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Game Wardens ◽  
Wild Life

Wild Life Protection.—The first wild life protection law in Malaya was passed in 1884 when Strait Settlements Ordinance No. III gave protection to wild birds; nothing further was done until 1896 when Pahang extended certain protection to Elephant, Seladang, and Rhinoceros. Other States followed with various measures but conservation was not put on a practical footing until 1921 when the Federated Malay States Wild Animals and Birds Protection Enactment was introduced. From then on a Game Department was in being, though much of the work was performed by honorary game wardens; among them the late Mr. Theodore Hubback.

A new pathogen spillover from domestic to wild animals: Plasmodium juxtanucleare infects free-living passerines in Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1949-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco C. Ferreira-Junior ◽  
Daniela de Angeli Dutra ◽  
Patrícia Silveira ◽  
Richard Campos Pacheco ◽  
Rute Witter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Backyard Chickens ◽  
First Time

AbstractHabitat modification may facilitate the emergence of novel pathogens, and the expansion of agricultural frontiers make domestic animals important sources of pathogen spillover to wild animals. We demonstrate for the first time that Plasmodium juxtanucleare, a widespread parasite from domestic chickens, naturally infects free-living passerines. We sampled 68 wild birds within and at the border of conservation units in central Brazil composed by Cerrado, a highly threatened biome. Seven out of 10 passerines captured in the limits of a protected area with a small farm were infected by P. juxtanucleare as was confirmed by sequencing a fragment of the parasite's cytochrome b. Blood smears from these positive passerines presented trophozoites, meronts and gametocytes compatible with P. juxtanucleare, meaning these birds are competent hosts for this parasite. After these intriguing results, we sampled 30 backyard chickens managed at the area where P. juxtanucleare-infected passerines were captured, revealing one chicken infected by the same parasite lineage. We sequenced the almost complete mitochondrial genome from all positive passerines, revealing that Brazilian and Asian parasites are closely related. P. juxtanucleare can be lethal to non-domestic hosts under captive and rehabilitation conditions, suggesting that this novel spillover may pose a real threat to wild birds.

scholarly journals Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Wild Birds and Rodents in Close Proximity to Farms

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6944-6947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M�ller Nielsen ◽  
Marianne N. Skov ◽  
Jesper J. Madsen ◽  
Jens Lodal ◽  
J�rgen Br�chner Jespersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Close Proximity

ABSTRACT Wild animals living close to cattle and pig farms (four each) were examined for verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC; also known as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli). The prevalence of VTEC among the 260 samples from wild animals was generally low. However, VTEC isolates from a starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and a Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) were identical to cattle isolates from the corresponding farms with respect to serotype, virulence profile, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type. This study shows that wild birds and rodents may become infected from farm animals or vice versa, suggesting a possible role in VTEC transmission.

scholarly journals Wild Animals Are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with “One Health” Concern

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Idris Nasir Abdullahi ◽  
Rosa Fernández-Fernández ◽  
Guillermo Juárez-Fernández ◽  
Sandra Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Paula Eguizábal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
One Health ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Spa Types

Background: The availability of comprehensive data on the ecology and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus/MRSA in wild animals is necessary to understand their relevance in the “One Health” domain. Objective: In this study, we determined the pooled prevalence of nasal, tracheal and/or oral (NTO) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage in wild animals, with a special focus on mecA and mecC genes as well as the frequency of MRSA and methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) of the lineages CC398 and CC130 in wild animals. Methodology: This systematic review was executed on cross-sectional studies that reported S. aureus and MRSA in the NTO cavities of wild animals distributed in four groups: non-human primates (NHP), wild mammals (WM, excluding rodents and NHP), wild birds (WB) and wild rodents (WR). Appropriate and eligible articles published (in English) between 1 January 2011 to 30 August 2021 were searched for from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciElo and Web of Science. Results: Of the 33 eligible and analysed studies, the pooled prevalence of NTO S. aureus and MRSA carriage was 18.5% (range: 0–100%) and 2.1% (range: 0.0–63.9%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in WM, NHP, WB and WR groups was 15.8/1.6, 32.9/2.0, 10.3/3.4 and 24.2/3.4%, respectively. The prevalence of mecC-MRSA among WM/NHP/WB/WR was 1.64/0.0/2.1/0.59%, respectively, representing 89.9/0.0/59.1/25.0% of total MRSA detected in these groups of animals.The MRSA-CC398 and MRSA-CC130 lineages were most prevalent in wild birds (0.64 and 2.07%, respectively); none of these lineages were reported in NHP studies. The MRSA-CC398 (mainly of spa-type t011, 53%), MRSA-CC130 (mainly of spa types t843 and t1535, 73%), MSSA-CC398 (spa-types t571, t1451, t6606 and t034) and MSSA-CC130 (spa types t843, t1535, t3625 and t3256) lineages were mostly reported. Conclusion: Although the global prevalence of MRSA is low in wild animals, mecC-mediated resistance was particularly prevalent among MRSA isolates, especially among WM and WB. Considering the genetic diversity of MRSA in wild animals, they need to be monitored for effective control of the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

A Perspective to Stinging Nettles from Emergency Department, Snakebites Worldbite

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sönmez BM ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Venomous Snake ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Life Threat ◽  
Wild Life

Venomous snakes are responsible for approximately 1.5-3 million bites as well as perhaps more than 100.0000 fatalities annually worldwide [1]. Although exist 3000 venomous snake species in a global scale, only 200 of them pose a life threat for humans due to venom properties and tooth pattern. The venomous species include Elapidae, Viperidae, Hydrophiidae, Colubridae, and Antractaspididae families [2]. Progressive urban development and degradation of wild life have not resulted in lower rates of attacks of humans by wild animals. On the contrary, animals like snakes pose public health problems due to their venoms [3]. Humans residing in rural environments are reportedly more prone to snakebites than people living in urban centers [4-6]. Such a disparity may result from larger snake populations in rural areas but also people making a living through agriculture, which is reportedly a risk factor for snakebite [7]. People suffering from snakebite are generally adult males actively taking part in professional life [5,8].

Treatment and Rehabilitation of Wild Birds and Mammals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logman Aslan ◽  
Özdemir Adizel ◽  
Tunahan Sancak
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers

Today, the ecosystem is being rapidly destroyed due to habitat loss, animal hunting, road construction, raising of transmission lines, general pollution, and agricultural activities, in addition to many other factors, all of which directly and indirectly affect wildlife. By necessity, rehabilitation units are available for the care and treatment of wild birds and mammals in need of life support. This paper discusses data collected regarding the treatment and rehabilitation of wild mammals and birds brought to the Center for Wildlife Conservation and Rehabilitation at Van Yüzüncü Yýl University from 2009-2016. During the course of the present study, total 145 wild animals including 117 birds and 28 mammals. Out of the total treated, 96 wild birds and 21 wild mammals recovered, 12 birds and 4 mammals died without responding to treatments, whereas 9 birds and 3 mammals were euthanized. Additionally, of the 96 birds and 21 mammals that recovered, 15 birds and 6 mammals were determined to be unable to survive in their natural habitats, and were sent to zoo gardens or wildlife conservation and rehabilitation centers. The remaining 96 animals that fully recovered were released back into their natural habitats.

scholarly journals The Immobilization of Wild Animals as an Aid to Management and Control

Oryx ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
Helmut K. Buechner ◽  
A. M. Harthoorn ◽  
John A. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Body Measurements ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Life Management ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Direct Management ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Parasitological Study ◽  
Wild Life

It has been realized for a decade that the management of wild animals would be greatly facilitated if a method could be found for their ready capture and handling. The need for such a method has become accentuated in recent years with the increasing interest in wild life, and also with the problems associated with a reduction in the number of wild animals combined with a decrease in the amount of space available for their natural existence. Much work has been done on the catching and marking of animals such as birds, fishes, whales and seals. It is only recently that effective methods are being evolved for the capture of the larger land mammals, such as antelope, for marking and other purposes such as body measurements and weighing, as well as the collecting of samples for pathological or parasitological study. This form of direct control of wild animals is opening up new vistas of wild life management in Africa, and it is thought that the use of these methods may have similar application to wild animals in other regions and parts of the world, both as a means of increasing our knowledge of their habits, ecology and physiology, and in direct management such as capture for transport to other areas, vaccination and occasional therapeutic veterinary interference.

scholarly journals Coccidian parasites from birds at rehabilitation centers in Portugal, with notes on Avispora bubonis in Old World

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergian Vianna Cardozo ◽  
Bruno Pereira Berto ◽  
Inês Caetano ◽  
André Thomás ◽  
Marcos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Old World ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Fulica Atra ◽  
Coccidian Parasites ◽  
Coccidian Species ◽  
Bubo Scandiacus

Abstract Portugal has some rehabilitation centers for wild animals, which are responsible for the rehabilitation and reintroduction of birds, among other animals, into the wild. Coccidian parasites of these wild birds in rehabilitation centers are especially important because these centers can introduce coccidian species into new environments through the reintroduction of their respective hosts. In this context, the current study aimed to identify intestinal coccidia from wild birds at two rehabilitation centers for wild animals located in two municipalities of Portugal. Eighty-nine wild birds of 9 orders and 11 families were sampled, of which 22 (25%) were positive for Coccidia. Avispora spp. were found in raptors. Sporocysts of Sarcocystinae subfamily were recovered from owls. An Isospora sp. was found in Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758, and an Eimeria sp. was found in Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758. Among the coccidian species, Avispora bubonis (Cawthorn, Stockdale, 1981) can be highlighted. The finding of this species indicates that transmission of coccidians from the New World to the Old World may be occurring, potentially through dispersion by Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus, 1758) through Arctic regions or by means of anthropic activities, and/or through other unknown mechanisms.

scholarly journals Protected but not from Contamination: Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacteria from Birds in a Ghanaian Forest Protected Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110176
Author(s):  
Sawyerr Louisa Modupe ◽  
Ntiamoa-Baidu Yaa ◽  
Owusu Erasmus Henaku ◽  
Kenji Ohya ◽  
Suzuki Masato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Health It ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Reception Area

Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a growing concern in public health. It has been reported in wildlife from several places in the world though wild animals are not normally exposed to clinically used antimicrobial agents. Despite this, very little research has been done in Ghana to determine antimicrobial resistance in wild animals, particularly those in protected areas. In this study, the presence of colistin resistant and multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria in cloacal swabs of wild birds captured in a Ghanaian forest protected area were evaluated. A total of 195 isolates from 138 individual birds were obtained, identified and tested for resistance to colistin. The colistin-resistant isolates were subsequently tested for multidrug resistance to 4 other antimicrobial agents (Oxytetracycline, Streptomycin, Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin). Colistin resistance was observed in 6.5% (9/138) of the birds and this was seen in only birds that were sampled close to the reception area of the protected area. About 50% of the colistin-resistant isolates were multidrug resistant. AMR isolates were obtained from birds that have been documented to show an insectivorous or omnivorous feeding preference. Data obtained from the study suggests that AMR and MDR occurred in wild birds from the Conservation Area and supports the claim that proximity to human impacted habitats (settlements/farmlands) increased the likelihood of carriage of AMR. Though the routes of transmission remain unclear, there is potential for spread from the wild birds to other wild/domestic animals and possibly back to humans.

scholarly journals Biotelemetry and Radiotracking of Wild Birds: Portable Device Using Solar Cells Power Supply

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
J. L. Aucouturier ◽  
A. Chaillou ◽  
G. Nicolas ◽  
R. Canivenc ◽  
R. Govaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Reduce Power Consumption

A thick film hybrid transmitter for the radio tracking of wild animals is described. Weight considerations are of prime importance for such transmitters and the system discussed uses thick film hybrid technology, together with a solar cell power supply charging Cd–Ni batteries.To reduce power consumption a pulsed system is used; the transmitter operating frequency is in the 72 MHz band.

scholarly journals The Trade in Wild Life. Licensing Systems

Oryx ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 88-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Wild Animals ◽  
Basic Purpose ◽  
Wild Life

In wild life affairs all licensing systems, be they the licensing of hunting, capture, sale of trophies, or anything else, should have the primary purpose of conservation. Assuming that any trade at all in wild animals is justifiable the country concerned should decide the maximum number of animals of each kind which it can spare and may then charge as much as possible for each of them. The basic purpose is to limit the number shot or captured to that which the stock can stand.

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