Revealing research preferences in conservation science

Abstract Conservation researchers are increasingly drawing on a wide range of philosophies, methods and values to examine conservation problems. Here we adopt methods from social psychology to develop a questionnaire with the dual purpose of illuminating diversity within conservation research communities and providing a tool for use in cross-disciplinary dialogue workshops. The questionnaire probes the preferences that different researchers have with regards to conservation science. It elicits insight into their motivations for carrying out research, the scales at which they tackle problems, the subjects they focus on, their beliefs about the connections between nature and society, their sense of reality as absolute or socially constituted, and their propensity for collaboration. Testing the questionnaire with a group of 204 conservation scientists at a student conference on conservation science, we illustrate the latent and multidimensional diversity in the research preferences held by conservation scientists. We suggest that creating opportunities to further explore these differences and similarities using facilitated dialogue could enrich the mutual understanding of the diverse research community in the conservation field.

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A Thorough Insight into Theoretical and Practical Developments in MultiAgent Systems

Natural Language Processing ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-0951-7.ch006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 83-111

Author(s):

Dimple Juneja ◽

Aarti Singh ◽

Rashmi Singh ◽

Saurabh Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Multiagent Systems ◽

Real World ◽

Research Community ◽

Theoretical Design ◽

Wide Range ◽

Universal Applicability ◽

Insight Into ◽

Real World Problems

Multiagent systems have been a fascination for research community and are often seen as an intelligent solution to many complex real world problems. Researchers have been active in the domain since last three decades and many developments pertaining to theoretical design and practical developments of multiagent systems are worth appreciating. The growth in MAS is multidirectional ranging from conceptual ideas to practical implementations and from the wide range of applications; it appears that multiagent systems are proving to be universal. The paper presents a concise survey of developments in MAS highlighting the important contributions in the field and also questions the universal applicability of agents.

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A Thorough Insight into Theoretical and Practical Developments in MultiAgent Systems

International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence ◽

10.4018/ijaci.2017010102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 23-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Dimple Juneja ◽

Aarti Singh ◽

Rashmi Singh ◽

Saurabh Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Multiagent Systems ◽

Real World ◽

Research Community ◽

Theoretical Design ◽

Wide Range ◽

Universal Applicability ◽

Insight Into ◽

Real World Problems

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Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3S) ◽

pp. 631-637

Author(s):

Katja Lund ◽

Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽

Jens Bo Nielsen ◽

Dorte Hammershøi

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aid ◽

Patient Experiences ◽

Online Tool ◽

Rehabilitation Process ◽

Hearing Rehabilitation ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

Hearing Aid Use ◽

Wide Range ◽

Insight Into ◽

Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000304 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 263-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Solveig Lelaurain ◽

Pierluigi Graziani ◽

Grégory Lo Monaco

Keyword(s):

Social Psychology ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Social Concern ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Inhibiting Factors ◽

Wide Range

Abstract. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global social concern: many women are affected by this phenomenon and by the difficulty of putting an end to it. This review of the literature aims to identify help-seeking facilitating and inhibiting factors in response to IPV. It was carried out on the PsycINFO and Medline databases using the following keywords: “intimate partner violence,” “domestic violence,” “help-seeking,” and “help-seeking barrier.” Ninety out of 771 eligible publications were included on the basis of inclusion criteria. The results highlight that (1) research on this phenomenon is very recent and underdeveloped in Europe, (2) theoretical and conceptual frameworks are poorly developed and extended, (3) there is a significant impact of violence characteristics (e.g., severity, type) on help-seeking, and (4) help-seeking is a complex and multifactorial process influenced by a wide range of factors simultaneously individual and social. To conclude, these findings lead us to propose a psychosocial conceptualization of the help-seeking process by indicating how the levels of explanation approach in social psychology can be applied to this field of research in order to increase our understanding of this phenomenon.

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Engineering the Interface between Inorganic Nanoparticles and Biological Systems through Ligand Design

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11041001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1001

Author(s):

Rui Huang ◽

David C. Luther ◽

Xianzhi Zhang ◽

Aarohi Gupta ◽

Samantha A. Tufts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Synthesis ◽

Molecular Design ◽

Biological Systems ◽

Ligand Design ◽

Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽

Organic Ligands ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Insight Into

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide multipurpose platforms for a wide range of biological applications. These applications are enabled through molecular design of surface coverages, modulating NP interactions with biosystems. In this review, we highlight approaches to functionalize nanoparticles with ”small” organic ligands (Mw < 1000), providing insight into how organic synthesis can be used to engineer NPs for nanobiology and nanomedicine.

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Carbon Nanotube Films for Energy Applications

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1890

Author(s):

Monika Rdest ◽

Dawid Janas

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Research Community ◽

Thermal Interface Materials ◽

Thermal Interface ◽

Conductive Coatings ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Energy Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Interface Materials

This perspective article describes the application opportunities of carbon nanotube (CNT) films for the energy sector. Up to date progress in this regard is illustrated with representative examples of a wide range of energy management and transformation studies employing CNT ensembles. Firstly, this paper features an overview of how such macroscopic networks from nanocarbon can be produced. Then, the capabilities for their application in specific energy-related scenarios are described. Among the highlighted cases are conductive coatings, charge storage devices, thermal interface materials, and actuators. The selected examples demonstrate how electrical, thermal, radiant, and mechanical energy can be converted from one form to another using such formulations based on CNTs. The article is concluded with a future outlook, which anticipates the next steps which the research community will take to bring these concepts closer to implementation.

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Gas Damping in Capacitive MEMS Transducers in the Free Molecular Flow Regime

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21072566 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2566

Author(s):

Boris A. Boom ◽

Alessandro Bertolini ◽

Eric Hennes ◽

Johannes F. J. van den Brand

Keyword(s):

Flow Regime ◽

Gas Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Time ◽

Molecular Flow ◽

Free Molecular Flow ◽

Simple Analytical Model ◽

Gas Damping ◽

Wide Range ◽

Capacitive Mems ◽

Insight Into

We present a novel analysis of gas damping in capacitive MEMS transducers that is based on a simple analytical model, assisted by Monte-Carlo simulations performed in Molflow+ to obtain an estimate for the geometry dependent gas diffusion time. This combination provides results with minimal computational expense and through freely available software, as well as insight into how the gas damping depends on the transducer geometry in the molecular flow regime. The results can be used to predict damping for arbitrary gas mixtures. The analysis was verified by experimental results for both air and helium atmospheres and matches these data to within 15% over a wide range of pressures.

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“Do you understand (me)?” negotiating mutual understanding by using gaze and environmentally coupled gestures between two deaf signing participants

Applied Linguistics Review ◽

10.1515/applirev-2019-0065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Nina Sivunen ◽

Elina Tapio

Keyword(s):

Asylum Seeker ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

The State ◽

Mutual Understanding ◽

Multimodal Analysis ◽

Semiotic Resources ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Language Competencies ◽

Unrealistic Expectations ◽

Insight Into

AbstractIn this paper we explore the use of multimodal and multilingual semiotic resources in interactions between two deaf signing participants, a researcher and an asylum seeker. The focus is on the use of gaze and environmentally coupled gestures. Drawing on multimodal analysis and linguistic ethnography, we demonstrate how gaze and environmentally coupled gestures are effective semiotic resources for reaching mutual understanding. The study provides insight into the challenges and opportunities (deaf) asylum seekers, researchers, and employees of reception centres or the state may encounter because of the asymmetrical language competencies. Our concern is that such asymmetrical situations may be created and maintained by ignoring visual and embodied resources in interaction and, in the case of deaf asylum seekers, by unrealistic expectations towards conventionalized forms of international sign.

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Prediction of Dead Oil Viscosity: Machine Learning vs. Classical Correlations

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14040930 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 930

Author(s):

Fahimeh Hadavimoghaddam ◽

Mehdi Ostadhassan ◽

Ehsan Heidaryan ◽

Mohammad Ali Sadri ◽

Inna Chapanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Viscosity Data ◽

Oil Viscosity ◽

Pvt Data ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Wide Range ◽

Engineering Problems ◽

Functional Forms ◽

Insight Into

Dead oil viscosity is a critical parameter to solve numerous reservoir engineering problems and one of the most unreliable properties to predict with classical black oil correlations. Determination of dead oil viscosity by experiments is expensive and time-consuming, which means developing an accurate and quick prediction model is required. This paper implements six machine learning models: random forest (RF), lightgbm, XGBoost, multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, stochastic real-valued (SRV) and SuperLearner to predict dead oil viscosity. More than 2000 pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) data were used for developing and testing these models. A huge range of viscosity data were used, from light intermediate to heavy oil. In this study, we give insight into the performance of different functional forms that have been used in the literature to formulate dead oil viscosity. The results show that the functional form f(γAPI,T), has the best performance, and additional correlating parameters might be unnecessary. Furthermore, SuperLearner outperformed other machine learning (ML) algorithms as well as common correlations that are based on the metric analysis. The SuperLearner model can potentially replace the empirical models for viscosity predictions on a wide range of viscosities (any oil type). Ultimately, the proposed model is capable of simulating the true physical trend of the dead oil viscosity with variations of oil API gravity, temperature and shear rate.

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Discoloration of Historical Plastic Objects: New Insight into the Degradation of β-Naphthol Pigment Lakes

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2278

Author(s):

Anna Micheluz ◽

Eva Mariasole Angelin ◽

João Almeida Lopes ◽

Maria João Melo ◽

Marisa Pamplona

Keyword(s):

Light Exposure ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Conservation Science ◽

Organic Pigment ◽

Organic Pigments ◽

Before And After ◽

The Individual ◽

Determining Factor ◽

Insight Into ◽

Historical Samples

Light is a determining factor in the discoloration of plastics, and photodegradation processes can affect the molecular structures of both the polymer and colorants. Limited studies focused on the discoloration of heritage plastics in conservation science. This work investigated the discoloration of red historical polyethylene (PE) objects colored with PR 48:2 and PR 53:1. High-density and low-density PE reference polymers, neat pigment powders, and historical samples were assessed before and after accelerated photoaging. The applied methodology provided insight into the individual light-susceptibility of polyethylenes, organic pigment lakes, and their combined effect in the photoaging of historical plastic formulations. After light exposure, both PE references and historical samples yellowed, PR53:1 faded, and PR 48:2 darkened; however, both organic pigments faded severely in the historical samples. This highlights the role played by the plastic binder likely facilitating the pigment photofading. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques—EGA-MS, PY-GC/MS, and TD-GC/MS—were successfully employed for characterizing the plastic formulations and degradation. The identification of phthalic compounds in both aged β-naphthol powders opens new venues for studies on their degradation. This work’s approach and analytical methods in studying the discoloration of historical plastics are novel, proving their efficacy, reliability, and potentiality.

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