Further Experiments upon the Longevity of Xenopsylla cheopis Roths. (Siphonaptera)

Parasitology ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Xenopsylla Cheopis ◽  
The Relationship

1. Experiments upon Xenopsylla cheopis Roths. are described which were carried out to discover if feeding influenced duration of life or had any effect upon the survival of the sexes or upon the relationship between duration of life and saturation deficiency of the atmosphere.2. Fleas fed once before starvation lived longer than unfed fleas. There was no difference between survival of the sexes and no direct proportion between survival times and saturation deficiency.3. Fleas kept with the host for 7 days before starvation lived still longer. Females lived considerably longer than males, but there was still no direct proportion between survival times and saturation deficiency.

Plasminogen Depletion during Streptokinase Treatment or Two-Chain Urokinase Incubation Correlates with Decreased Clot Lysability Ex Vivo and In Vitro

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0998-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Páll T Önundarson ◽  
H Magnús Haraldsson ◽  
Lena Bergmann ◽  
Charles W Francis ◽  
Victor J Marder
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Thrombolytic Treatment ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Plasma Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between lytic state variables and ex vivo clot lysability was investigated in blood drawn from patients during streptokinase administration for acute myocardial infarction. A lytic state was already evident after 5 min of treatment and after 20 min the plasminogen concentration had decreased to 24%, antiplasmin to 7% and fibrinogen 0.2 g/1. Lysis of radiolabeled retracted clots in the patient plasmas decreased from 37 ± 8% after 5 min to 21 ± 8% at 10 min and was significantly lower (8 ± 9%, p <0.005) in samples drawn at 20, 40 and 80 min. Clot lysability correlated positively with the plasminogen concentration (r = 0.78, p = 0.003), but not with plasmin activity. Suspension of radiolabeled clots in normal plasma pre-exposed to 250 U/ml two-chain urokinase for varying time to induce an in vitro lytic state was also associated with decreasing clot lysability in direct proportion with the duration of prior plasma exposure to urokinase. The decreased lysability correlated with the time-dependent reduction in plasminogen concentration (r = 0.88, p <0.0005). Thus, clot lysability decreases in conjunction with the development of the lytic state and the associated plasminogen depletion. The lytic state may therefore limit reperfusion during thrombolytic treatment.

Issues for the Evaluation of Ambient Displays

2011 ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Shen ◽  
Andrew Vande Moere ◽  
Peter Eades ◽  
Seok-Hee Hong
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
User Interest ◽  
Information Displays ◽  
Ambient Displays ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Time Issue

This article is motivated by two evaluation case studies of ambient information displays. Firstly, an intrusive evaluation of a display called MoneyColor concentrates on the relationship between “distraction” and “comprehension”. This revealed that the comprehension is in direct proportion to display-distraction, but there is no clear relationship between comprehension and self-interruption. Secondly, a non-intrusive evaluation of a display called Fisherman described a quantitative measurement of user “interest” and applied this measurement to investigate “evaluation time” issue. These experiments give some insight into number of issues in evaluation of ambient displays.

scholarly journals Neutrophilia is associated with a poorer clinical outcome in dogs with chronic hepatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
Craig R Breheny ◽  
Ian Handel ◽  
Stephanie Banner ◽  
Elspeth M Milne ◽  
Linda R Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Count

BackgroundLiver disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Currently, it is challenging to prognosticate in these cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the haematological variables in dogs with chronic hepatitis.MethodsDogs with chronic hepatitis confirmed on histopathology had presenting haematological values retrospectively obtained and evaluated against survival time. Eighty-two dogs met the inclusion criteria and their data analysed.ResultsNeutrophilic patients, with a count greater than 12×109/l, controlled for sex and age, had a shorter survival time (P≤0.01). In dogs, neutrophilia at presentation predicted a poor outcome, whereas the other haematological parameters were not prognostically informative. When the dogs were split into even quarters on the basis of their neutrophil count, those within the higher quartiles had poorer survival times. Neutrophilia was associated with a poorer survival time in comparison to those patients with a lower count.ConclusionThe relationship between neutrophils, inflammation and clinical outcome is deserving of future study in dogs with chronic hepatitis.

The role of surgery in the management of supratentorial intermediate and high-grade astrocytomas in adults

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules M. Nazzaro ◽  
Edward A. Neuwelt
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

✓ In this analysis, the authors review studies over the last 50 years addressing the association between long-term survival and type of surgical management in adults with supratentorial intermediate or high-grade astrocytomas. Earlier reports are included because they are repeatedly referenced in current works and clearly are an important basis upon which present attitudes are predicated. Because recent work has definitively demonstrated the significance of prognostic variables on outcome, the handling of such factors in studies that investigated survival data according to degree of surgery is emphasized. Study design, experimental methods used, and methods of data analysis are also examined. This analysis shows that there is little justification for dogmatic statements concerning the relationship between increasing patient survival times and aggressive surgical management in adults with supratentorial intermediate or high-grade astrocytomas, if patients receive postoperative radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Parametric Regression Models Using Reversed Hazard Rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asokan Mulayath Variyath ◽  
P. G. Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Rate ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Hazard Rates ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Parametric Regression ◽  
Reversed Hazard Rate ◽  
Rate Functions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parametric Regression Models

Proportional hazard regression models are widely used in survival analysis to understand and exploit the relationship between survival time and covariates. For left censored survival times, reversed hazard rate functions are more appropriate. In this paper, we develop a parametric proportional hazard rates model using an inverted Weibull distribution. The estimation and construction of confidence intervals for the parameters are discussed. We assess the performance of the proposed procedure based on a large number of Monte Carlo simulations. We illustrate the proposed method using a real case example.

scholarly journals The rough guide to critics: musicians discuss the role of the music press

Popular Music ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATT BRENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Music Criticism ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Ideological Differences ◽  
Everyday Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the relationship between musicians and the music press from the musicians' point of view, based on a collection of recent interviews with musicians working in the pop and jazz fields. It will expose some of the concrete effects of the music press using examples from the everyday experiences of musicians, which include the influence of the press in record retail, genre labelling, and creating industry buzz. But while musicians may have a pragmatic understanding of the role of music criticism, their perspectives are emotionally heated in direct proportion to the influence the press holds over their own livelihoods. The interests of the working music critic often conflict with the interests of the working musician, and this article will conclude with a discussion of how the practical conflict of interests between musicians and critics is reflected in ideological differences between the two groups.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Parasitic Fleas and Small Mammals in Household of Western Yunnan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Xiang Yin ◽  
Xiao-Ou Cheng ◽  
Qiu-Fang Zhao ◽  
Zhao-Fei Wei ◽  
Dan-Dan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Small Male ◽  
Xenopsylla Cheopis ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
Rattus Tanezumi ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe Yunnan Province has one of the most serious outbreaks of the plague epidemic in China. Small mammals and fleas are risk factors for the occurrence of plague in commensal plague foci. Understanding the relationship between parasitic fleas and small mammals will help control fleas and prevent the onset of the plague. Four hundred and twenty-one small mammals, belonging to 9 species, were captured. Of these, 170 small mammals (40.4%) were infested with fleas. A total of 992 parasitic fleas (including 5 species) was collected. The number of Leptopsylla Segnis and Xenopsylla Cheopis was 91.0%. The final multiple hurdle negative binomial regression model showed that when compared with Rattus Tanezumi, the probability of flea infestation on Mus musculus and other host species decreased from 58% to 99%, while the infestation with fleas from other host species increased 4.7 fold. The probability of flea prevalence in adult hosts increased by 74%, while the number of fleas decreased by 76%. The number of flea infestations in small male mammals increased by 62%. The number of fleas in small mammals weighing more than 59 grams has been multiplied by about 4. Rattus Tanezumi is the predominant species in households in West Yunnan Province, while Leptopsylla Segnis and Xenopsylla Cheopis are dominant parasitic fleas. There is a strong relationship between the abundance of parasitic fleas and the characteristics of small mammals (e.g. Species, age, sex, and body weight).

scholarly journals A Contribution to the Study of Dependence of Rainfall on Circulatory Conditions in Northern Moravia

Geografie ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Miroslav Vysoudil
Keyword(s):  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Zonal Circulation ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
The Relationship

The paper discusses the problem of the relationship between the frequency of synoptic situations according to P. Hess and H. Brezowsky and the level of rainfall rate on the territory of northern Moravia in individual months, seasons of the year and the period under observation. It has shown that some situations affect the rainfall rate in a direct proportion (e. g. zonal circulation types), others in an inverted proportion (e. g. meridional circulation types).

scholarly journals The Relationship between Procalcitonin with Morbidity, Mortality and Survival in Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ali Çaparlar ◽  
Yasin Uçar ◽  
Şeref Dokcu ◽  
Ismail Hasirci ◽  
Mehmet Eşref Ulutaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between procalcitonin (PCT) values and complications, age, mortality, survival and to evaluate the correlation of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) values in patients operated for gastric cancer. Methods: File records of 50 patients who were operated on for gastric cancer between 2015 and 2018 and whose procalcitonin levels were obtained were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Eighteen (36%) of the study participants in the study were female, and 32 (64%) were male. Mortality rates were found to be significantly higher in those with PCT values of 2 and above on PO 1st and 3rd days. It was observed that the development of respiratory complications was significantly higher in patients with a PCT value of 2 and above on PO 5th and 7th days. Conclusions: Post-operative high values in gastric cancer patients are significant in terms of mortality and survival in the follow-up. In gastric cancer and other malignant diseases, it is necessary to determine cut-off values, to conduct specificity and sensitivity studies by making detailed examinations for respiratory complications, mortality, and survival times during treatment.

The Effect of Temperature and Humidity upon the Survival of Certain Unfed Rat Fleas

Parasitology ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Statistical Measure ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Xenopsylla Cheopis ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Xenopsylla Astia

Previous work on the effect of temperature and humidity upon the survival of unfed fleas is criticised in respect of experimental technique. In the present investigation measures have been taken to eliminate as many variables as possible and the methods employed to this end are described.In the experiments, 2027 Xenopsylla cheopis, 999 X. astia and 646 Ceratophyllus fasciatus were employed, all unfed and less than 24 hours old at the commencement of the different experiments. Records were kept individually so that a statistical measure of consistency could be made.The following conclusions have been reached:(1) Duration of life of unfed fleas is not influenced by sex.(2) High temperatures and low humidities tend to shorten life; conversely, low temperatures and high humidities, with a possible optimum of about 90 per cent., tend to produce longer lives.(3) Humidity is at its maximum efficiency in this respect at about 18° C.(4) At 37° C. humidity ceases to have any effect upon the duration of life of unfed fleas, and the evidence suggests that there is also a low temperature at which humidity has no influence upon survival.(5) There is no direct proportion between survival of unfed fleas and saturation deficiency of the atmosphere at any temperature.Comparing the species, it was found that:(1) Ceratophyllus fasciatus was the longest lived, at similar atmospheric conditions.(2) Xenopsylla astia lived longer than X. cheopis at all humidities at 23° C.

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