Impact of protein energy malnutrition on Trichuris suis infection in pigs concomitantly infected with Ascaris suum

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PEDERSEN ◽  
I. SAEED ◽  
K. F. MICHAELSEN ◽  
H. FRIIS ◽  
K. D. MURRELL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Trichuris Suis ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

The objective of this experiment was to investigate a possible interaction between protein and energy malnutrition (PEM) and intestinal nematode infections. We report on a 3×2 factorial study in which pigs were fed either a low protein energy (LPE), low protein (LP) or a normal protein energy (NPE) diet, and 6 weeks later inoculated with Trichuris suis (4000 infective eggs). Secondarily, in order to obtain a polyparasitic status, pigs were concomitantly inoculated with Ascaris suum (600 infective eggs). The number of T. suis-infected pigs was higher in LP pigs compared with NPE pigs (100 versus 58%; P = 0·037), although the differences in median T. suis worm burdens between groups at necropsy 10 weeks post-infection (p.i.) (LPE: 795; LP: 835; NPE: 48 worms; P = 0·33) were not significant. Interestingly, only T. suis in NPE were highly aggregated (k = 0·44), in contrast to a more uniform distribution among pigs in LPE (k = 1·43) and LP (k = 1·55) i.e. the majority of pigs harboured moderate worm burdens in LPE and LP, while most pigs had few or no worms in NPE. Further, T. suis worms in the LPE and LP groups were decreased in length (mean: LPE: 23·5 mm; LP: 24·3 mm; NPE: 29·4 mm; P = 0·004). The pre-patency period of T. suis was also extended in the LPE and LP groups, as reflected by lower faecal egg output at week 6 (P = 0·048) and/or 7 p.i. (P = 0·007). More A. suum worms were recovered from LP compared with the NPE group (mean: 5·4 versus 0·6; P = 0·040); this was accompanied by a higher faecal egg output in the former (P = 0·004). The low protein diets resulted in lower pig body weight gains, serum albumin, haemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) levels as well as diminished peripheral eosinophil counts. Infection significantly altered these parameters in the low protein groups, i.e. the pathophysiological consequences of infection were more severe in the PEM pigs. These results demonstrate that reduced protein in the diet leads to malnourishment of both the host pigs and T. suis, and compromises the pig's ability to resist infection by T. suis and A. suum.

scholarly journals Modification of glucocorticoid-induced changes in myofibrillar protein turnover in rats by protein and energy deficiency as assessed by urinary excretion ofNT-methylhistidine

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Tomas ◽  
A. J. Murray ◽  
L. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Energy

1. The effects of differing degrees of experimental protein-energy malnutrition on the response of myofibrillar protein turnover rates to administration of corticosteroid has been studied in two experiments on rats. The basal control diet, offeredad lib.in each case, contained 40 g protein/kg, and other groups received diets containing 62.5, 95 or 220 g protein/kg at 0.67, 1 or 1.5 times the level of the control energy intake.2. Daily administration of 25 or 30 mg corticosterone/kg body-weight after 18 d pre-feeding caused an increase in plasma protein, glucose and insulin concentrations, but a decrease in the corticosterone: insulin values. Liver size and protein content increased, as did the fractional excretion of dietary nitrogen as urea-N in all treated groups. However, whereas a fall in food intake and body-weight occurred in one experiment the reverse occurred in the other.3. NT-Methylhistidine excretion was 12% lower for rats receiving 40v.220 g protein/kg diet and excretion was increased by only 57v.90% respectively, when the two groups of rats were given 30 mg corticosterone/kg per d. Rats which received 25 mg corticosterone/kg per d and up to 95 g protein/kg diet increased excretion of NT-methylhistidine by an average 35%.4. The fractional degradation rate of myofibrillar protein (kd) was reduced by about 10% by the low-protein diet from 3.1 to 2.8%/d. During corticosterone treatment the increment inkdfor rats on this diet was only 60% of that for rats receiving the 220 g protein/kg diet, i.e. an increase of 1.8v.3.0%/d. Energy restriction further reducedkdduring low-protein intake but did not affect the response to the corticosterone. Variations in dietary protein from 40 to 95 g/kg had little effect on the increase inkdduring steroid treatment. The effect of corticosterone on calculated synthesis rates (kg) differed markedly between experiments. Whilekgfell by 50–65% in rats which lost weight on treatment, it rose by up to 60% in rats where carcass non-collagen-protein accretion remained unchanged or increased, despite an increase inkd5. Protein deficiency decreases the catabolic response to glucocorticoid, but the net metabolic response appears crucially dependent on changes in food intake or the stage of growth of the rat or both. A net anabolic response with increased fractional rates of myofibrillar protein breakdown, synthesis and accretion was observed in growing rats fed on relatively-low-protein diets and given 25 mg corticosterone/kg per d. This novel finding indicates that a particular role for cortisol in the adaptation to protein-energy malnutrition by humans should be ascribed only with caution.

scholarly journals Efek tepung ulat sagu (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) terhadap penurunan kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) pada tikus Wistar dengan diet rendah protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Lara Ayu Lestari ◽  
M. Sulchan ◽  
Anang M Legowo ◽  
Kusmiyati Tjahjono ◽  
Achmad Zulfa Juniarto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
One Way Anova

Kwashiorkor is protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) caused by protein deficiency. Sago worm flour (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) can reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) caused by the high content of the amino acids glycine, lysine, and phenylalanine. The study aimed to prove the effect of sago worm flour on MDA levels in Wistar rats with a low protein diet. A true experimental-pre-post control group. The intervention was given for 28 days to 28 Wistar rats, divided into four groups with each group of seven rats. The dose of sago starch was 0,36 g/100 g rat body weight/day (P1), and a dose of 1,36 g/100 g rat body weight/day (P2) for rats fed a low diet protein. The treatment group was compared with a group of mice given a low diet protein (K +) and a group of healthy mice (K-). Serum MDA levels were measured by the TBARs method. Statistical analysis used paired t-test or Wilcoxon test and one-way ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis test. The results of decreasing MDA levels were in the P1 and P2 groups (p= 0,000). There was a difference in MDA levels in the P1 and P2 groups compared to the K + group (P= 0,000). There was a difference that decreased MDA levels between P1 and P2 (p= 0,000). In conclusion, sago worm flour at a dose of 0,36 g/100 g of rats/day and a dose of 1,36 g/100 g of body weight of rats/day can reduce MDA levels

scholarly journals Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Energy Partitioning in Two Genetic Groups of Pigs Fed Low-Protein Diets at 130 kg Body Weight

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 4012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Galassi ◽  
Luca Malagutti ◽  
Stefania Colombini ◽  
Luca Rapetti ◽  
Luigi Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Protein Diets

Protein Deprivation in Primates: VI. Food Preferences of Adult Rhesus Monkeys Maintained on Low-Protein Diets

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Hill ◽  
Arthur J. Riopelle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Deprivation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Preference Task ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Protein Diets

Three groups of adult female rhesus monkeys, maintained on low-protein diets (.5 gm, 1 gm, and 2 gm protein per kg body weight) were compared with a control group (4 gm protein per kg body weight) on a food-preference task. Food responsiveness was assessed by presenting 8 small pieces of a certain food, equally spaced about the perimeter of a turntable attached to the home cage, and recording number of pieces taken, number of pieces eaten, and elapsed time for taking all 8 pieces. 21 different foods were used in sequence, 3 each from the following 7 categories: cheese, meat, vegetable, nut, cereal, fruit, and candy. Scores on all 3 measures were highly correlated, and the order of preference was generally the same for all groups. The 2 lowest-protein groups accepted more foods at the lower end of the palatability spectrum than did either the 4-gm or the 2-gm group. There was a tendency for the foods least preferred by the protein-deprived monkeys to be themselves high in protein. Thus, although protein deprivation appears to increase the catholicity of food preference, there is no corresponding increase in the relationship between palatability and protein content.

scholarly journals Expansion of the humoral effector cell compartment of both systemic and mucosal immune systemsin a weanling murine model which duplicates critical features of human protein-energy malnutrition

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-L. Ha ◽  
L.E. Paulino ◽  
B.D. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Human Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Mucosal Antibody ◽  
Zero Time

AbstractA direct comparison of systemic (spleen) and mucosal (intestine) antibody-producing systems was made in weanling male C57BL/6J mice subjected to wasting protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) by means of a low-protein protocol known to duplicate immunological and physiological features of human malnutrition. ELISA revealed low concentrations of biliary and gut lumen immunoglobulin (Ig) A in malnourished mice concomitantly with a high concentration of blood IgA. The low-protein model, therefore, exhibited fidelity to human protein-energy malnutrition in its influence on the concentrations of the mucosal Ig, IgA, in critical biological fluids. The number of IgA-, IgM- and IgG-containing cells was estimated morphometrically on a per organ basis. The low-protein protocol supported expansion in numbers of mucosal IgA-containing cells (18 x relative to a zero-time control group) and of splenic IgG- containing cells (135 x ), albeit an attenuated expansion in comparison with that of well-nourished control animals (132x and 571x respectively relative to zero-time controls). Up to terminal differentiation of Ig-containing cells, systemic and mucosal antibody-producing systems exhibited similarly remarkable resistance to wasting malnutrition. Epithelial transport of IgA may be an aspect of the mucosal antibody response which is particularly sensitive to PEM.

scholarly journals Weight loss in an obese child: positive changes or not?

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Vаshura
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Obese Child ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The One

Weight, BMI and its changes with age are one of the key indicators in pediatrics. The values of these indicators are the main parameters for assessing nutritional status (NS) and defining nutritional disorders - obesity and protein-energy malnutrition. At the same time, body weight and its changes only conditionally reflect the mass of fat and the amount of fat-free mass (especially the compartment of skeletal muscles). In the healthy population (in which the relevant references had been obtained), the changes of BMI can significantly reflect the changes of body composition. In children with chronic diseases (and/or with metabolic disorders, and/ or in oncopediatrics) the sensitivity of BMI as an indicator of NS is significantly lower and variable. This is due to deviations from the “normal” body composition existing in these patients. As a result, a deficit of fat-free mass can be accompanied by an excess of fat mass. Sarcopenia, which has negative consequences for the child, can be masked by obesity. Therefore, this condition, sar-copenic obesity, represents a huge problem. On the one hand, due to the coexistence of two nutritional disorders in one patient. On the other hand, due to underestimation in pediatrics. The latter is the consequence of frequent understanding of the child’s body weight as an unconditional and independent indicator. This can have dramatic consequences for the development and growth of the child. Therefore, weight loss in an obese child does not yet mean positive dynamics.

scholarly journals Efficiency of post-dilution online hemodiafiltration therapy in combination with ketoanalogues of amino acid in the correction of protein-energy malnutrition in hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Keto Analogues

Purpose of the study. Evaluate the efficiency of permanent post-dilution online hemodiafiltration therapy in combination with the prescription of keto analogues of amino acid at a dose of 0,2 g/kg of ideal body weight/day to correct protein-energy malnutrition in hemodialysis patients with adequate intake of essential nutrients. Patients and methods. A total of 645 patients with terminal renal failure received programmed hemodialysis, of which there were 300 men and 345 women aged 58,8 ± 6,9 years. All patients received treatment with programmed GD for 6,9 ± 2,1 years. All patients underwent a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status. The level of leptin and interleukin-6 serum was determined. Patients with signs of protein-energy malnutritian (PEM) were divided into three groups, depending on the method of PEM correction. Results. The study showed the efficiency of postdilution online hemodiafiltration therapy on an ongoing basis in combination with keto-analogues of amino acids at a dose of 0,2 g/kg of ideal body weight/day for correction of PEM in hemodialysis patients. Conclusion. The post-dilution online hemodiafiltration therapy combined with keto-analogues of amino acid at a dose of 0.2 g /kg of ideal body weight/day can be considered one of the pathogenetically grounded methods for correcting PEM in patients receiving programmed hemodialysis with adequate intake of essential nutrients. 

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