scholarly journals Nitrogen and Energy Partitioning in Two Genetic Groups of Pigs Fed Low-Protein Diets at 130 kg Body Weight

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 4012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Galassi ◽  
Luca Malagutti ◽  
Stefania Colombini ◽  
Luca Rapetti ◽  
Luigi Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

Protein Deprivation in Primates: VI. Food Preferences of Adult Rhesus Monkeys Maintained on Low-Protein Diets

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Hill ◽  
Arthur J. Riopelle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Deprivation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Preference Task ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Protein Diets

Three groups of adult female rhesus monkeys, maintained on low-protein diets (.5 gm, 1 gm, and 2 gm protein per kg body weight) were compared with a control group (4 gm protein per kg body weight) on a food-preference task. Food responsiveness was assessed by presenting 8 small pieces of a certain food, equally spaced about the perimeter of a turntable attached to the home cage, and recording number of pieces taken, number of pieces eaten, and elapsed time for taking all 8 pieces. 21 different foods were used in sequence, 3 each from the following 7 categories: cheese, meat, vegetable, nut, cereal, fruit, and candy. Scores on all 3 measures were highly correlated, and the order of preference was generally the same for all groups. The 2 lowest-protein groups accepted more foods at the lower end of the palatability spectrum than did either the 4-gm or the 2-gm group. There was a tendency for the foods least preferred by the protein-deprived monkeys to be themselves high in protein. Thus, although protein deprivation appears to increase the catholicity of food preference, there is no corresponding increase in the relationship between palatability and protein content.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF SUCROSE AND CORNSTARCH IN LOW-PROTEIN DIETS FED TO RATS EXPOSED TO COLD

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
J. F. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Starch Diet

Young male rats were fed one of three low-protein (5% casein) diets differing in the source of carbohydrate (sucrose, equal parts sucrose and cornstarch, or cornstarch) or a 20% casein (sucrose) diet at environmental temperatures of 24 °C or 5 °C. Replacement of sucrose with starch appeared to have a small but significant effect in increasing body weight gain for 15 days (but not the next 28 days) at 24 °C and also in animals exposed to cold for 28 days after a 15-day feeding period at 24 °C. In disagreement with results reported by Andik et al., cold exposure, although significantly increasing body weight gain and food intake in rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet, did not elicit a weight gain as great as that observed in 20% casein-fed animals at either 24 °C or 5 °C. The 24-hour food intake following a 24-hour fast exceeded the intake on the day before fasting on all diets for animals maintained at 5 °C but not 24 °C. The immediate ([Formula: see text] hour) and 24-hour food intakes of rats at 5 °C exceeded those of comparable dietary groups at 24 °C. At 5 °C, the 24-hour food intake, following the fast, of rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet exceeded that of the 20% casein-fed controls.

scholarly journals Whole-body albumin mass and distribution in rats fed on low-protein diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Coward ◽  
M. B. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Plasma Albumin Concentration

1. From 5 weeks of age, control and experimental rats were given diets containing 210 and 31 g protein/kg respectively, and killed for analysis at 0, 2, 5, 8, 12 and 20 d after the start of the experiment. At these times estimates were made of plasma albumin concentration, plasma volume and total vascular and extravascular albumin mass.2. Plasma albumin concentrations were significantly lower in the experimental animals when compared to controls at 8, 12 and 20 d but plasma volumes (ml/kg body-weight) tended to be greater in the former animals. Total vascular albumin mass (g/kg body-weight) was significantly less in experimental animals compared to controls at 8 and 20 d, but was significantly reduced below values at 0 d only at 20 d.3. Extravascular albumin mass (g/kg body-weight) was significantly lower in experimental animals in comparison with controls at 2, 5, 8, 12 and 20 d and significantly reduced below values at 0 d at 5, 8, 12 and 20 d.4. Whole-body albumin mass was significantly reduced at 5, 8, 12 and 20 d when compared both with controls killed at the same time and animals killed at 0 d. Measurement of the ratio, extravascular albumin mass: vascular albumin mass indicated a significant redistribution of whole-body albumin mass at 5 and 20 d and mean values for this ratio were always lower in experimental animals than in controls.5. It was concluded that measurement of plasma albumin concentration does not indicate the true extent of whole-body albumin losses in protein deficiency since total vascular albumin mass is, to some extent, maintained at the expense of extravascular albumin mass.

RESPONSE OF MALE AND FEMALE BROILERS TO DIET PROTEIN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
L. J. CASTON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Breast Meat Yield ◽  
Protein Diets

Two experiments were conducted to note the broilers' response to graded levels of dietary protein (CP). Female birds were fed one of six diet series ranging from 22–20–18 to 18–18–16% CP from 0–21 days, 21–35 days and 35–42 days, respectively. Males were fed diet series from 28–24–22 to 20–18–16 over the same time periods (Table 1). Each diet program was tested with four replicate groups of 60 birds. Body weight and feed intake were monitored at time of feed change-over and at termination of experiment. Twenty birds per replicate were used for carcass analyses. Females were heavier when diets of higher protein content were offered (P < 0.05). These birds consumed more feed (P < 0.05) but exhibited feed efficiency that was not different to birds fed diets of lower protein content. Carcass weight and breast meat yield were not influenced by diet, although higher-protein diet series resulted in reduced proportional abdominal fat pad size (P < 0.01). Diet protein had no effect on body weight of male birds at 42 d (P > 0.05). Male birds reared on a program involving die lowest CP levels of 20–18–16 exhibited inferior feed utilization relative to birds from most other treatments (P < 0.05). Programs with low-protein diets for males resulted in reduced carcass weight, reduced breast meat yield and increased abdominal fat deposition (P < 0.05). It is concluded that male birds can be reared on very low protein diets without loss of weight, although carcass quality will be inferior. Female broilers are heavier when diet protein intake is increased through use of diets with higher protein content. Key words: Broiler, diet protein, performance, carcass composition

Impact of protein energy malnutrition on Trichuris suis infection in pigs concomitantly infected with Ascaris suum

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PEDERSEN ◽  
I. SAEED ◽  
K. F. MICHAELSEN ◽  
H. FRIIS ◽  
K. D. MURRELL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Trichuris Suis ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

The objective of this experiment was to investigate a possible interaction between protein and energy malnutrition (PEM) and intestinal nematode infections. We report on a 3×2 factorial study in which pigs were fed either a low protein energy (LPE), low protein (LP) or a normal protein energy (NPE) diet, and 6 weeks later inoculated with Trichuris suis (4000 infective eggs). Secondarily, in order to obtain a polyparasitic status, pigs were concomitantly inoculated with Ascaris suum (600 infective eggs). The number of T. suis-infected pigs was higher in LP pigs compared with NPE pigs (100 versus 58%; P = 0·037), although the differences in median T. suis worm burdens between groups at necropsy 10 weeks post-infection (p.i.) (LPE: 795; LP: 835; NPE: 48 worms; P = 0·33) were not significant. Interestingly, only T. suis in NPE were highly aggregated (k = 0·44), in contrast to a more uniform distribution among pigs in LPE (k = 1·43) and LP (k = 1·55) i.e. the majority of pigs harboured moderate worm burdens in LPE and LP, while most pigs had few or no worms in NPE. Further, T. suis worms in the LPE and LP groups were decreased in length (mean: LPE: 23·5 mm; LP: 24·3 mm; NPE: 29·4 mm; P = 0·004). The pre-patency period of T. suis was also extended in the LPE and LP groups, as reflected by lower faecal egg output at week 6 (P = 0·048) and/or 7 p.i. (P = 0·007). More A. suum worms were recovered from LP compared with the NPE group (mean: 5·4 versus 0·6; P = 0·040); this was accompanied by a higher faecal egg output in the former (P = 0·004). The low protein diets resulted in lower pig body weight gains, serum albumin, haemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) levels as well as diminished peripheral eosinophil counts. Infection significantly altered these parameters in the low protein groups, i.e. the pathophysiological consequences of infection were more severe in the PEM pigs. These results demonstrate that reduced protein in the diet leads to malnourishment of both the host pigs and T. suis, and compromises the pig's ability to resist infection by T. suis and A. suum.

scholarly journals PSVII-30 Growth performance, and serum concentration of testosterone of male and female pigs immunocastrated with a GnRH analogue, fed wet low-protein diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 463-463
Author(s):  
Néstor Arce Vázquez ◽  
Nydia Corina Vásquez Aguilar ◽  
Estela Garza Brenner ◽  
Fernando Sánchez Dávila ◽  
Adriana Morales Trejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a GnRH analogue (Improvac, Zoetis, USA) on growth parameters, and serum concentration of testosterone in male and female pigs fed wet low-protein diets. Nineteen crossbred (York-Landrace x Duroc) pigs with an initial BW of 43.9±2.4 kg were individually housed in pens (1.44 m2) equipped with feeder and nipple water drinker, and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: ICM: immunocastrated males (n = 8); ICF: immunocastrated females (n = 6); and EFE: entire females (n = 5). All animals were fed ad libitum the same grower (44–65 kg BW) 14.4% CP, and finishing (65 kg BW to slaughter) 13.6% CP diets, offered as wet (1:1 water:feed). Immunocastrated pigs received two GnRH analogue doses at 119 and 147 days of age (days 22 and 49 of the experiment, respectively). Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and gain:feed were evaluated in three periods (P) of the experiment: P1 (21 days previous to the first dose); P2 (from the first to second GnRH analogue doses); P3 (21 days after the second analogue dose). Serum concentrations of testosterone were determined in blood samples at days 21, 35, 49, 63, and 70. Results were analyzed in a randomized design, with ANOVA using SPSS. Three contrasts were constructed: C1: ICM vs ICF; C2: ICF vs EFE, and C3: ICM vs EFE. Final body weight was similar among treatments (P &gt;0.05). In P3, weight gain, feed intake, and gain:feed of ICM was higher than EFE (P&lt; 0.05), however results were similar (P &gt;0.05) among treatments for periods P1 and P2. Serum testosterone concentration in ICM was higher (P &lt; 0.01) than ICF and EFE until the second GnRH analogue dose, but similar among treatments (P &gt;0.05) thereafter. In conclusion, immunocastrated males had better growth parameters than entire females, but similar to those of immunocastrated females.

scholarly journals The capacity of the mature cow to lose and recover nitrogen and the significance of protein reserves

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paquay ◽  
R. De Baere ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Protein Diets

1. Six experiments were undertaken with mature, dry, non-pregnant cows to determine the capacity to lose and recover nitrogen and to study the significance of the labile and total protein reserves.2. It was concluded that, without altering its ability to reach N equilibrium, the mature cow is able to store and lose large amounts of body proteins (certainly more than 15 kg), when its N and energy intakes are greatly varied. The repletion or depletion of protein reserves can occur over a long period of time (sometimes more than 5 months). Total protein reserves include a very labile part. This part is more rapidly lost during fasting than during feeding on low-protein diets; it can be used to meet temporarily the energy requirements of the animal.3. N balance and body-weight gains were generally very well correlated.

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