Immune complex detection in saliva samples: an innovative proposal for the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1090-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Bosqui ◽  
A. L. R. Gonçalves ◽  
M. R. F. Gonçalves-Pires ◽  
W. R. Pavanelli ◽  
I. Conchon-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
General Index ◽  
Group I ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractHuman strongyloidiasis is caused by helminth Strongyloides stercoralis. It has a worldwide distribution, often neglected and cause of severe morbidity. The parasitological diagnosis is hindered by the low and irregular amount of larvae in feces. The goal of the present study was to detect IgG and IgG immune complex using conventional serum samples and saliva as alternative samples. We collected samples from 60 individuals, namely: group I composed of 30 healthy individuals; and group II composed of 30 individuals eliminating S. stercoralis larvae in feces. We calculated the area under the curve, general index of diagnostic accuracy, Kappa index and determined the correlations between different diagnostic tests. The detection of IgG levels was performed by an immunoenzymatic assay with alkaline extract of S. venezuelensis larvae as antigen. Positivity of anti-S. stercoralis IgG in serum samples from group I was 3·3%, and from group II 93·3%. The detection of immune complex indicated that group I exhibited 3·3% and group II 56·7%. In the saliva samples, IgG detection was 26·7% for group I and 43·3% for group II. Immune complex was detected in 20% of group I, and 30% of group II. IgG immune complex in conventional serum samples and saliva as alternative samples can be considered biomarkers for the diagnosis of active strongyloidiasis.

scholarly journals Heterologous antigen extract in ELISA for the detection of human IgE anti-Strongyloides stercoralis

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Maria Costa-Cruz ◽  
Joaquina Madalena ◽  
Deise Aparecida de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Mônica Camargo Sopelete ◽  
Dulcinéa Maria Barbosa Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Heterologous Antigen ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Strongyloides ratti larval extract was used for the standardization of ELISA to detect genus-specific IgE in human strongyloidiasis. Forty serum samples from monoinfected patients shedding S. stercoralis larvae (Group I), 40 from patients with other intestinal parasites (Group II), and 40 from copronegative healthy subjects (Group III) were analyzed. Genus-specific IgE levels (ELISA Index: EI) were significantly higher in the group I (EI = 1.43) than groups II (EI = 0.70) and III (EI = 0.71), showing positivity rates of 55%, 2.5% and 0%, respectively. Similarly, sera from copropositive patients had significantly higher levels of total IgE (866 IU/mL) as compared to those from group II (302 IU/mL) and III (143 IU/mL). A significant positive correlation was found between levels of Strongyloides specific-IgE and total IgE in sera from patients with strongyloidiasis. In conclusion, S. ratti heterologous extract showed to be a useful tool for detecting genus-specific IgE by ELISA, contributing for a better characterization of the immune response profile in human strongyloidiasis.

Effect of different temperature humidity indices onantioxidant parameters in Surti buffaloes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya S. Chaudhary ◽  
Arjun B. Odedara ◽  
Virendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj A. Patel ◽  
Gopal Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group Ii

The present study was conducted on 20 Surti buffalo heifers of 16 to 21 months age maintained under standard feeding and management practices. They were categorized based on their exposure to natural environment as Group I (Hot dry season: THI1), Group II- (Hot humid season: THI2) and Group III as Control group (Comfortable season: THI3). Whole blood and serum samples were collected from all the groups and analyzed for antioxidant parameters, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total antioxidant status (TAS). The temperature humidity index (THI) calculated for Group I, Group II and Group III were 81.70 (THI1), 80.30 (THI2) and 70.00 (THI3). For Group I, Group II and Group III, concentration of SOD (U) was 5.29±0.06, 4.65±0.04 and 2.94±0.09; GPx (U/ml) was 43.63±0.71, 36.40±0.56 and 25.84±1.00; catalase (µmoles/min/ml) was 1,609.17±45.93, 1,322.00±18.65 and 1,106.35±45.07; LPO (nM of MDA/ml of packed cells) was 6.00±0.13, 3.45±0.09 and 2.87±0.14 and TAS (mmol/l) was 5.18±0.11, 2.90±0.09 and 2.37±0.13, respectively. Significantly (P is less than 0.01) higher levels of SOD, GPx, catalase, TAS and LPO were observed in hot dry season (THI1) as compared to hot humid (THI2) and comfortable (THI3) seasons. Increased levels of SOD, GPx, catalase, TAS and LPO indicated that hot dry season is more stressful for animals as compared to hot humid season in Surti buffaloes as they are inhabitants of hot humid region

scholarly journals Parasitological and immunological diagnoses of strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised children at Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Martins de PAULA ◽  
Elísio de CASTRO ◽  
Maria do Rosário de Fátima GONÇALVES-PIRES ◽  
Maria das Graças MARÇAL ◽  
Maria B. CAMPOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Immunological Diagnosis ◽  
The University

Parasitological and immunological diagnoses were part of a study conducted among 151 children, 83 immunocompromised (IC) and 68 non-immunocompromised (non-IC) aged from zero to 12, seen at the University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from February, 1996, to June, 1998. Three fecal samples from each child were analyzed for the parasitological diagnosis by Baermann-Moraes and Lutz methods. The immunological diagnosis to detect IgG and IgM antibodies was carried out by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) with cryo-microtome sections of Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides ratti larvae as antigens and by the ELISA test with an alkaline extract of S. ratti as the antigens. Of the 151 children 5 (3.31%) were infected with larvae of S. stercoralis (2 cases IC, 2.41%, and 3 cases non-IC, 4.41%). The IFAT-IgG detected 7 (8.43%) serum samples positive among IC, and 2 (2.94%) cases among non-IC. The ELISA-IgG test detected 10 (12.05%) serum samples positive among IC, and 1 (1.47%) case among non-IC. The IFAT-IgM detected 6 (7.22%) positive cases among IC, and 3 (4.41%) cases among non-IC. ELISA-IgM test detected 10 (12.05%) positive cases among IC, and 3 (4.41%) cases among non-IC. It was concluded that the immunological tests can help in the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised children.

High positive frequency of antibodies to metallothionein and heat shock protein 70 in sera of patients with metal allergy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Metal Allergy ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Positive Frequency

Two principal types of stress protein, heat shock proteins (hsps) and metallothionein (MT), are inducedin cells responding to a variety of stresses. They play an important role in protecting cells from thesestresses. However, many reports indicate that antibodies to hsps are present in human serum and areassociated with several autoimmunity diseases. Metals, which are commonly allergenic to humans,induce both MT and hsp70 (one of the hsps family). Until now, there has been no report of any antibodyto MT in human serum. In the present study, serum samples from healthy controls (Group I), andpatients suffering from atopic dermatitis without (Group II) or with (Group III) metal allergy, weremeasured for antibodies to MT and hsp70, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Metal allergy was confirmed by patch testing. We first found that antibody to MT exists in human serum.We also found a high positive frequency of antibody to MT (51·3%) and to hsp70 (43·6%) in the seraof Group III, compared to those of Group I (3·8% and 5·1%) or Group II (6·4% and 5·1%). Furthermore,there was a strong positive correlation between antibody to MT and antibody to hsp70 in GroupIII (P = 0·0013), but not in Group I and Group II. Our results indicate that antibody to MT exists inhuman serum, as do antibodies to hsps, and suggest

scholarly journals Validation of Bartonella henselae Western Immunoblotting for Serodiagnosis of Bartonelloses in Dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Neupane ◽  
Sindhura Sevala ◽  
Nandhakumar Balakrishnan ◽  
Henry Marr ◽  
James Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Etiological Agents

ABSTRACT Bartonella spp. are etiological agents of life-threatening zoonotic diseases in dogs worldwide. Due to the poor sensitivity of immunofluorescent-antibody assays (IFAs), a reliable serodiagnostic test for canine bartonelloses is of clinical importance. The utility of Western blotting (WB) for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses has not been critically investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize WB immunodominant proteins that could be used to confirm a serodiagnosis of bartonelloses. Using agar-grown Bartonella henselae San Antonio type 2 (SA2) whole-cell proteins, sera derived from four dog groups were tested by WB to assess immunodominant protein recognition patterns: group I consisted of 92 serum samples (10 preexposure and 82 postexposure serum samples) from 10 adult beagles experimentally inoculated with Bartonella spp., group II consisted of 36 serum samples from Bartonella PCR-positive naturally infected dogs, group III consisted of 26 serum samples from Bartonella PCR-negative and IFA-negative dogs, and group IV consisted of serum samples from 8 Brucella canis IFA-positive and 10 Rickettsia rickettsii IFA-positive dogs. Following experimental inoculation, 9 (90%) group I dogs were variably seroreactive to one or more of six specific immunodominant proteins (13, 17, 29, 50, 56, and 150 kDa). There was a strong but variable recognition of these proteins among 81% of group II dogs. In contrast, 24/26 group III dogs were not reactive to any immunodominant protein. In this study, the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of B. henselae SA2 WB were higher than those of B. henselae SA2 IFA testing. Some B. henselae SA2 immunodominant proteins were recognized by dogs experimentally and naturally infected with Bartonella spp. other than B. henselae. Additional research is necessary to more fully define the utility of WB for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses.

scholarly journals Accuracy of abdominal radiography to determine fetus numbers in bitches at two gestational ages

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
Daniela Aparecida Ayres Garcia ◽  
Mariana Regina Rompkovski ◽  
Elaine Mayume Ueno Gil ◽  
Amália Turner Giannico ◽  
Tilde Rodrigues Froes
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Method ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Abdominal Radiography ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Group I ◽  
Abdominal Radiographs ◽  
Complicating Factors ◽  
Group Ii

Abdominal radiography is considered the most accurate technique for determining fetal numbers. Nevertheless, there is a disagreement in the literature concerning the optimal time to perform the examination to obtain the most accurate fetal count. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of fetal counting in bitches at two gestational stages, using digital radiographs, and to analyze the possible complicating factors. Fifty-eight abdominal radiographs of 38 bitches at two gestational stages were analyzed by two observers. The first stage (Group I) included bitches between 45 and 48 days of gestation, and the second (Group II) bitches between 54 and 57 days of gestation. The Kappa index of agreement for categorical data indicated agreement between observers. Agreement was lower for Group I than for Group II. The estimated value of Pearson’s coefficient for Group I was positive but weak for correlation between observers 1 and 2 and the number of puppies born. There was significant correlation between counts and the number of puppies born in Group II. We conclude that radiographic examination is not an accurate method of determining fetal number between 45 and 48 days of gestation and that the optimal time to perform this examination is between 54 and 57 days of gestation, at which time the fetal skull is fully visible on radiographs.

scholarly journals Detection of Immunoglobulin M Antibodies to P35 Antigen of Toxoplasma gondii for Serodiagnosis of Recently Acquired Infection in Pregnant Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 3967-3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Raymund Ramirez ◽  
Cindy Press ◽  
Shuli Li ◽  
Stephen Parmley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Group I ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Group Ii

We examined the efficiency of detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to a 35-kDa antigen (P35) of Toxoplasma gondiifor serodiagnosis of acute infection in pregnant women. A double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant P35 antigen (P35-IgM-ELISA) was used for this purpose. On the basis of the clinical history and the combination of results from the toxoplasma serological profile (Sabin-Feldman dye test, conventional IgM and IgA ELISAs, and the differential agglutination test), the patients were classified into three groups: group I, status suggestive of recently acquired infection; group II, status suggestive of infection acquired in the distant past; group III, status suggestive of persisting IgM antibodies. Eighteen (90.0%) of 20 serum samples from group I patients were positive by the P35-IgM-ELISA, whereas none of the 33 serum samples from group II patients were positive. Only 4 (25.0%) of 16 serum samples from group III patients were positive by the P35-IgM-ELISA, whereas all these serum samples were positive by the conventional IgM ELISA. These results indicate that demonstration of IgM antibodies against P35 by the P35-IgM-ELISA is more specific for the acute stage of the infection than demonstration of IgM antibodies by the ELISA that uses a whole-lysate antigen preparation. Studies with sera obtained from four pregnant women who seroconverted (IgG and IgM antibodies) during pregnancy revealed that two of them became negative by the P35-IgM-ELISA between 4 and 6 months after seroconversion, whereas the conventional IgM ELISA titers remained highly positive. The P35-IgM-ELISA appears to be useful for differentiating recently acquired infection from those acquired in the distant past in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Performances of two commercially available Newcastle disease vaccines in Bangladesh: A case-control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
M A Kashem ◽  
M A Hashem ◽  
M H B Kabir ◽  
M I Uddin ◽  
B Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Study

The study was conducted to test the performances of two commercially available live vaccines named BCRDV1(VG/GA strain) and BCRDV2 (F-strain). A total of 90 day-old broiler birds were divided into three different  groups and the serum samples were collected at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35; mean±SD of Haemgglutination  Inhibition (HI) titres (log2) were found as 8±0.00, 7.2±0.89, 6.1±0.9, 7.1±0.75, 5.7±0.72, 4.1±0.68 and 8±0.00, 6.0±0.76, 4.8±0.81, 5.8±0.83, 4.9±0.86, 3.8±0.77 in group I and group II respectively, which was significant (P< 0.01). In control (group III) the mean±SD was found to be 8±0.00, 5.8±0.87, 4.9±0.69, 4.1±0.48, 3.0±0.56 and  <2±0 respectively. The titres of control group infer that the maternal antibody usually had a tendency to decline and may pose a risk of infection. In protection test, 100% mortality were found in control group (III) but in group I and group II the mortality of birds were 6.67% and 10%, respectively. The analysis of HI titres with the target to determine the performance of two vaccines revealed that BCRDV1 vaccinated groups was able to maintain significantly higher HI titres than BCRDV2 vaccinated group. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11823 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 88-91

scholarly journals Effect of age on proximal esophageal response to swallowing

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Oliveira Dantas ◽  
Leda Maria Tavares Alves ◽  
Juciléia Dalmazo ◽  
Carla Manfredi dos Santos ◽  
Rachel de Aguiar Cassiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Recording Site ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Manometric Method ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Esophageal Contraction

CONTEXT: It has been demonstrated that the ageing process affects esophageal motility. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of the age on the proximal esophageal response to wet swallows. METHOD: We measured the proximal esophageal response to swallows of a 5 mL bolus of water in 69 healthy volunteers, 20 of them aged 18-30 years (group I), 27 aged 31-50 years (group II), and 22 aged 51-74 years (group III). We used the manometric method with continuous perfusion. The proximal esophageal contractions were recorded 5 cm from a pharyngeal recording site located 1 cm above the upper esophageal sphincter. The time between the onset of the pharyngeal and of the proximal esophageal recording (pharyngeal-esophageal time) and the amplitude, duration and area under the curve of the proximal esophageal contraction were measured. RESULTS: The pharyngeal-esophageal time was shorter in group I subjects than in group II and III subjects (P<0.05). The duration of proximal esophageal contractions was longer in group I than in groups II and III (P<0.001). There was no differences between groups in the amplitude or area under the curve of contractions. There were no differences between groups II and III for any of the measurements. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the age may affects the response of the proximal esophagus to wet swallows.

scholarly journals Performances of HTLV serological tests in diagnosing HTLV infection in high-risk population of São Paulo, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Jacob ◽  
Elizabeth de los Santos-Fortuna ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Adele Caterino-de-Araujo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Htlv Infection ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Testing problems in diagnosing human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection, mostly HTLV-II, have been documented in HIV/AIDS patients. Since December 1998, the Immunology Department of Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) offers HTLV-I/II serology to Public Health Units that attend HTLV high-risk individuals. Two thousand, three hundred and twelve serum samples: 1,393 from AIDS Reference Centers (Group I), and 919 from HTLV out-patient clinics (Group II) were sent to IAL for HTLV-I/II antibodies detection. The majority of them were screened by two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and confirmed by Western Blot (WB 2.4, Genelabs). Seven different EIA kits were employed during the period, and according to WB results, the best performance was obtained by EIAs that contain HTLV-I and HTLV-II viral lysates and rgp21 as antigens. Neither 1st and 2nd, nor 3rd generation EIA kits were 100% sensitive in detecting truly HTLV-I/II reactive samples. HTLV-I and HTLV-II prevalence rates of 3.3% and 2.5% were detected in Group I, and of 9.6% and 3.6% in Group II, respectively. High percentages of HTLV-seroindeterminate WB sera were detected in both Groups. The algorithm testing to be employed in HTLV high-risk population from São Paulo, Brazil, needs the use of two EIA kits of different formats and compounds as screening, and because of high seroindeterminate WB, may be another confirmatory assay.

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