The auditory hallucination: a phenomenological survey

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony H. Nayani ◽  
Anthony S. David
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Thought Insertion ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucination ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

SynopsisA comprehensive semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 100 psychotic patients who had experienced auditory hallucinations. The aim was to extend the phenomenology of the hallucination into areas of both form and content and also to guide future theoretical development. All subjects heard ‘voices’ talking to or about them. The location of the voice, its characteristics and the nature of address were described. Precipitants and alleviating factors plus the effect of the hallucinations on the sufferer were identified. Other hallucinatory experiences, thought insertion and insight were examined for their inter-relationships. A pattern emerged of increasing complexity of the auditory–verbal hallucination over time by a process of accretion, with the addition of more voices and extended dialogues, and more intimacy between subject and voice. Such evolution seemed to relate to the lessening of distress and improved coping. These findings should inform both neurological and cognitive accounts of the pathogenesis of auditory hallucinations in psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals The translation and transmission of ‘diatribal’ verbs in the textual traditions of the Zlatostruj collection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Form Equation ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Textual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Textual Traditions ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractThe ‘diatribe’ is a dialogical mode of exposition, originating in Hellenistic Greek, where the author dramatically performs different voices in a polemical-didactic discourse. The voice of a fictitious opponent is often disambiguated by means of parenthetical verba dicendi, especially φησί(ν). Although diatribal texts were widely translated into Slavic in the Middle Ages, the textual history of the Zlatostruj collection of Chrysostomic homilies especially suits an investigation not only of how Greek ‘diatribal’ verbs were translated, but also how the Slavic verbs were transmitted or developed in different textual traditions. Over time, Slavic redactional activity led to a homogenization of verb forms. The initial variety of the original translation was partly eliminated, and the verb forms "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" became more firmly established as prototypical diatribal formulae. Especially the (increased) use of the 2sg form "Equation missing" has theoretical consequences for the text’s dialogical structure. Thus, an important dialogical component of the diatribe was reinforced in the Zlatostruj’s textual history on Slavic soil.

Comparing Primary Voice-Hearers with and without Hallucinations in Other Sensory Modalities

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Wei Lin Toh ◽  
Neil Thomas ◽  
Susan L. Rossell
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Auditory Hallucination ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Preliminary Study

There has been burgeoning interest in studying hallucinations in psychosis occurring across multiple sensory modalities. The current study aimed to characterize the auditory hallucination and delusion profiles in patients with auditory hallucinations only versus those with multisensory hallucinations. Participants with psychosis were partitioned into groups with voices only (AVH; <i>n</i> = 50) versus voices plus hallucinations in at least one other sensory modality (AVH+; <i>n</i> = 50), based on their responses on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Basic demographic and clinical information was collected, and the Questionnaire for Psychotic Experiences (QPE) was used to assess psychosis phenomenology. Relative to the AVH group, greater compliance to perceived commands, auditory illusions, and sensed presences was significantly elevated in the AVH+ group. The latter group also had greater levels of delusion-related distress and functional impairment and was more likely to endorse delusions of reference and misidentification. This preliminary study uncovered important phenomenological differences in those with multisensory hallucinations. Future hallucination research extending beyond the auditory modality is needed.

GROUP 6 year outcome data in relation to antipsychotic medication

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S50-S50
Author(s):  
W. Cahn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveGenetic risk and outcome of psychoses (GROUP) is a 6 year longitudinal cohort study that focus on gene–environment vulnerability and resilience in patients with psychotic disorders, their unaffected family members and non-related controls. Its main aim is to elucidate etiological and pathogenetic factors that influence the onset and course of psychotic disorders. In this substudy, we will examine medication use over time, its relation with (the change in) metabolic syndrome status and effects on the brain.MethodsA consortium of four university psychiatric centers and their affiliated mental health care institutions, conducted the GROUP study. At baseline, 1120 patients, 1057 siblings, 919 parents and 590 healthy controls were included. After inclusion, participants, except parents, were evaluated again after three and six years of follow-up. Extensive assessment of genetic factors, environmental factors, medication use, metabolic parameters and outcome were performed. Moreover, brain imaging was performed in a subset of participants, using a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner.ResultsAt baseline 65% of patients used atypical antipsychotics, 16% used conventional antipsychotics and 19% used clozapine. Siblings and controls used no antipsychotics. Forty-three percent of patients, 21.3% of siblings and 9.1% of controls used antidepressants; 43.9% of patients, 2.1% of siblings and none of the controls used a mood stabilizer. We are currently analyzing the medication data over time in relation to (change in) metabolic syndrome status and the effects on the brain.ConclusionGROUP is a longitudinal cohort study in patients with psychotic disorders, their healthy siblings and controls without psychosis. This naturalistic substudy examines medication use, its association with (change of) metabolic status and effects on the brain in subjects with (high risk of) psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals AVATAR Therapy: Pathopsychology of Transforming Relations with The “Voice” in Auditory Hallucinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-99
Author(s):  
O.A. Sagalakova ◽  
O.V. Zhirnova ◽  
D.V. Truevtsev
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
The Voice

The paper examines the problem of the use of modern AVATAR therapy for auditory hallucinations (AH). There is a traditional asymmetry of the focus of interest in the study of AH with a bias towards the study of the final result of perception at the expense of comprehension of the process of AH development. The methodology of the cultural-activity approach and study of the patterns of the genesis of the “voices” in pathopsychology provide an adequate basis for understanding the nature of AH. Current intervention in psychosis is based on recognizing the role of psychological factors. АН are amplified in the state of anxiety, or in case of disturbed interpersonal relationships. AVATAR therapy provides the patient with psychological means of restoring deliberate mental activity, gaining control over one’s mental activity through its objectification, making the “voice” less malevolent and managing negative experiences. The method is based on a dialogue with an avatar, a visual digital image of the “voice”. It is designed in a virtual environment evoking a presence effect, which allows directed interaction with it in order to increase assertiveness. The experiments showed encouraging, but still debatable, results of the effectiveness of AVATAR therapy.

Evidence for an interrelated cluster of Hallucinatory experiences in the general population: an incidence study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tais S. Moriyama ◽  
Marjan Drukker ◽  
Sinan Guloksuz ◽  
Magreet ten Have ◽  
Ron de Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Delusional Ideation ◽  
Persistence Rate ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Yearly Incidence

Abstract Background Although hallucinations have been studied in terms of prevalence and its associations with psychopathology and functional impairment, very little is known about sensory modalities other than auditory (i.e. haptic, visual and olfactory), as well the incidence of hallucinations, factors predicting incidence and subsequent course. Methods We examined the incidence, course and risk factors of hallucinatory experiences across different modalities in two unique prospective general population cohorts in the same country using similar methodology and with three interview waves, one over the period 1996–1999 (NEMESIS) and one over the period 2007–2015 (NEMESIS-2). Results In NEMESIS-2, the yearly incidence of self-reported visual hallucinations was highest (0.33%), followed by haptic hallucinations (0.31%), auditory hallucinations (0.26%) and olfactory hallucinations (0.23%). Rates in NEMESIS-1 were similar (respectively: 0.35%, 0.26%, 0.23%, 0.22%). The incidence of clinician-confirmed hallucinations was approximately 60% of the self-reported rate. The persistence rate of incident hallucinations was around 20–30%, increasing to 40–50% for prevalent hallucinations. Incident hallucinations in one modality were very strongly associated with occurrence in another modality (median OR = 59) and all modalities were strongly associated with delusional ideation (median OR = 21). Modalities were approximately equally strongly associated with the presence of any mental disorder (median OR = 4), functioning, indicators of help-seeking and established environmental risk factors for psychotic disorder. Conclusions Hallucinations across different modalities are a clinically relevant feature of non-psychotic disorders and need to be studied in relation to each other and in relation to delusional ideation, as all appear to have a common underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals The Voice of Drug Consumers: Online Textual Review Analysis Using Structural Topic Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng He ◽  
Dongmei Han ◽  
Xiaohang Zhou ◽  
Zheng Qu
Keyword(s):  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Consumer Dissatisfaction ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Document Level ◽  
Structural Topic Model ◽  
Over Time

Many web-based pharmaceutical e-commerce platforms allow consumers to post open-ended textual reviews based on their purchase experiences. Understanding the true voice of consumers by analyzing such a large amount of user-generated content is of great significance to pharmaceutical manufacturers and e-commerce websites. The aim of this paper is to automatically extract hidden topics from web-based drug reviews using the structural topic model (STM) to examine consumers’ concerns when they buy drugs online. The STM is a probabilistic extension of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), which allows the consolidation of document-level covariates. This innovation allows us to capture consumer dissatisfaction along with their dynamics over time. We extract 12 topics, and five of them are negative topics representing consumer dissatisfaction, whose appearances in the negative reviews are substantially higher than those in the positive reviews. We also come to the conclusion that the prevalence of these five negative topics has not decreased over time. Furthermore, our results reveal that the prevalence of price-related topics has decreased significantly in positive reviews, which indicates that low-price strategies are becoming less attractive to customers. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first study using STM to analyze the unstructured textual data of drug reviews, which enhances the understanding of the aspects of drug consumer concerns and contributes to the research of pharmaceutical e-commerce literature.

scholarly journals Association between cognitive phenotype in unaffected siblings and prospective 3- and 6-year clinical outcome in their proband affected by psychosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thijs J. Burger ◽  
Frederike Schirmbeck ◽  
Jentien M. Vermeulen ◽  
Piotr J. Quee ◽  
Mariken B. de Koning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognitive Alterations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Cognitive alterations are a central and heterogeneous trait in psychotic disorders, driven by environmental, familial and illness-related factors. In this study, we aimed to prospectively investigate the impact of high familial risk for cognitive alterations, unconfounded by illness-related factors, on symptomatic outcomes in patients. Methods In total, 629 probands with non-affective psychosis and their sibling not affected by psychosis were assessed at baseline, 3- and 6-year follow-up. Familial cognitive risk was modeled by three cognitive subtypes (‘normal’, ‘mixed’ and ‘impaired’) in the unaffected siblings. Generalized linear mixed models assessed multi-cross-sectional associations between the sibling cognitive subtype and repeated measures of proband symptoms across all assessments. Between-group differences over time were assessed by adding an interaction effect of time and sibling cognitive subtype. Results Probands affected by psychosis with a sibling of the impaired cognitive subtype were less likely to be in symptomatic remission and showed more disorganization across all time points. When assessing differences over time, probands of siblings with the impaired cognitive subtype showed less remission and less improvement of disorganization after 3 and 6 years relative to the other subtypes. They also showed less reduction of positive, negative and excitement symptoms at 6-year follow-up compared to probands with a sibling of the normal cognitive subtype. Conclusions Cross-sibling pathways from higher levels of familial cognitive vulnerability to worse long-term outcomes may be informative in identifying cognition-related environmental and genetic risks that impact psychotic illness heterogeneity over time.

scholarly journals Differences in voice-hearing experiences of people with psychosis in the USA, India and Ghana: Interview-based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Luhrmann ◽  
R. Padmavati ◽  
H. Tharoor ◽  
A. Osei
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Voice

BackgroundWe still know little about whether and how the auditory hallucinations associated with serious psychotic disorder shift across cultural boundaries.AimsTo compare auditory hallucinations across three different cultures, by means of an interview-based study.MethodAn anthropologist and several psychiatrists interviewed participants from the USA, India and Ghana, each sample comprising 20 persons who heard voices and met the inclusion criteria of schizophrenia, about their experience of voices.ResultsParticipants in the USA were more likely to use diagnostic labels and to report violent commands than those in India and Ghana, who were more likely than the Americans to report rich relationships with their voices and less likely to describe the voices as the sign of a violated mind.ConclusionsThese observations suggest that the voice-hearing experiences of people with serious psychotic disorder are shaped by local culture. These differences may have clinical implications.

Auditory Hallucinations In A Deaf Patient? – A Clinical Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S527-S527
Author(s):  
M.A. Aleixo ◽  
C.A. Moreira ◽  
G. Sobreira ◽  
J. Oliveira ◽  
L. Carvalhão Gil
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Paradoxical Finding ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Prelingually Deaf

IntroductionAccording to some studies, deaf psychiatric inpatients have prevalence rates of psychotic disorders ranging from 20 to 54%. There are descriptions of the paradoxical finding that prelingually deaf patients with psychosis may hear voices.ObjectivesTo present a case report and conduct a database review in order to understand if deaf patients with psychosis can have auditory hallucinations.AimsThe authors’ aim is to describe a case, highlight the clinical and scientific relevance of auditory hallucinations in deaf patients and the difficulties and limitations of this process.MethodsA Pubmed database search using as keywords “auditory hallucinations”, “deaf” and “deafness” and retrieved papers were selected according to their relevance.ResultsThe authors report a case of a 47-year-old female patient apparently suffering from congenital deafness. The patient had no previous psychiatric history until 4 months prior to her admission at our institution, when she started having psychotic symptoms. The patient was admitted into a Neurology ward but because no neurological sign was found psychiatric liaison consultation was requested. Four months later, she had the same symptoms, describing a voice that said to “shut up” and was admitted to a psychiatric hospital. After medication, the symptoms relapsed and now she is followed in an outpatient setting.The presence and nature of auditory hallucinations in deaf patients is not fully elucidated and there are methodological problems in the investigation of this subject.ConclusionsCurrent evidence is still inconclusive and the fact that prelingually deaf patient hear voices needs further research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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