Social class, parental social class, and social mobility in psychiatric patients and general population controls

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Birtchnell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Population Controls

SYNOPSISPrevious studies have suggested that, because of the chronic and disabling nature of mental illness, psychiatric patients do not fare as well in their careers as they should do. In the present study the parental social class, the current social class and the social mobility has been compared in 2,861 male referrals to the psychiatric services in North-Eastern Scotland and 1,487 men randomly selected from the local population. Within the psychiatric sample similar comparisons have been made between diagnostic groups. In all three aspects of social class considered decade of birth was shown to be an important variable.

The Assessment of Social Breakdown in Newly-Admitted Psychiatric Patients

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. L. Clemmey ◽  
D. Kennard ◽  
B. M. Mandelbrote
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Social Breakdown ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

SummaryThis paper presents a study of patients' social and domestic functioning preceding admission to a psychiatric hospital. A method is described for the quantitative assessment of ‘social breakdown’ in the areas of work, domestic performance and social group activity, based on reports from the patient and from another household member. Complementary changes in the domestic tasks carried out by other family members are also investigated. The sample consisted of 28 women and 17 men. Their usual level of functioning and their degree of breakdown are related to psychiatric diagnosis on admission, to the patient's position within the family and to the social class of the household. Discrepancies between reports are also investigated in relation to these variables.

scholarly journals Readmissions of long-stay psychiatric patients to the acute services from hostels in the community

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 524-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Shepperd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Community Mental Health Care ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century

The asylum movement was developed in the 19th century to provide care and cure for people with mental disorders. In the 20th century the old vision of asylum was abandoned, but no new alternative vision of community mental health care has taken its place. A divide between acute psychiatric services and provision for the social aspects of care has been described by Murphy (1991).

Managing offenders with psychiatric disorders in general psychiatric services

2012 ◽  
pp. 2009-2014
Author(s):  
James R. P. Ogloff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
General Community

It has been shown that the prevalence of mental illness among those in the criminal justice system is significantly greater than that found in the general community. As presented in Chapter 11.4, for example, the per capita rate of psychotic illness in prisons is approximately 10 times greater than that found in the general community. Tragically, relatively few services exist that provide continuity of mental health care between gaols and the community. This produces a situation where individuals whose mental illness may have been identified and treated in gaol find themselves without services in the community. Typically, only when in crisis do they find their way into general psychiatric services either in community settings or in hospital. This situation has produced considerable stress on already taxed mental health services. Given the prevalence of offence histories among psychiatric patients, it is important for mental health professionals to be aware of the unique issues—and myths—that accompany patients with offence histories. At the outset it is important to emphasize that the duty of mental health services is to address mental health issues. That ought to be the focus of mental health services. As this chapter makes clear, though, for some patients, there is a relationship between the mental illness and offending and by addressing the mental illness, the risk of re-offending might well be reduced. Moreover, many of the ancillary issues that lead to relapse and destability in psychiatric patients also may lead to offending. Addressing these issues will both help provide long-term stability for patients and will help reduce their risk of offending. As a result, there is a need for general mental health services to acquire expertize to identify and manage patients with offending histories. This chapter will provide information about the relative risk of offending among psychiatric patients and the relationship (or lack thereof) of inpatient aggression and community-based violence and offending. A framework will be provided for assessing and treating patients with offending histories and issues using a typology of mentally ill offenders. The role of forensic mental health services in bolstering general psychiatric services, and in sometimes providing primary care for mentally ill offenders, will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Social Class, Symptom Type and the Utilization of Children's Psychiatric Services

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Beitchman
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Ottawa Hospital ◽  
High Social Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Symptom Type

This paper examines three aspects of the distribution and use of children's psychiatric services in Canada under National Health Insurance. These are: 1) Class disparities in the utilization rates of these services; 2) The extent to which those children most in need of treatment are receiving it; and 3) The extent of unmet need for psychiatric services for children 17 years of age and under in the Ottawa-Carleton region. The subjects of this investigation were 96 children between the ages of 6.5 and 12 years who have attended the Children's Services at the Royal Ottawa Hospital. The results indicate that class disparities in the distribution of services were the reverse of those typically found under private fee-for-service arrangements. The high social class had the lowest proportionate use and the welfare classes the highest. In addition, there was a significant association between social class and age for the boys only; the higher the social class, the younger the boy at the time of referral. Almost two-thirds of this sample were found to have antisocial and aggressive disorders. Consistent with estimates of the high rates of these disorders in the general population, this suggests that a proportionate number of those children most in need of treatment are receiving it. For children 17 years of age and under, the one-year treated prevalence of disorder in the Ottawa-Carleton region was estimated to be .95%. Though higher than reports from other sources, it is clear that free medical care alone is not sufficient to bridge the gap between estimates of the true prevalence and treated prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorder. These findings are discussed in terms of the importance of non-economic factors as determinants of the distribution and use of children's psychiatric services. As well, the importance of referral practice, especially for the lower social classes is commented upon. Finally, suggestions are made for further research.

scholarly journals Educational Expansion and Social Mobility: The Scottish Case

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Iannelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Social

For over a century, the goal of reducing class inequalities in educational attainment has been based at least in part on the belief that this would help to equalise life chances. Drawing upon the main findings of three ESRC-funded projects, this paper reviews the empirical evidence on trends in social class inequalities in educational attainment and the role of education in promoting social mobility in Scotland. The findings show that in the second half of the twentieth century, despite the increase in overall levels of attainment, class differences in educational attainment persisted. Educational policies in Scotland supported educational expansion which allowed larger numbers of working-class children to climb the social class ladder than in the past. However, these did not translate into any break with the patterns of social inequalities in the chances of entering the top-level occupations. The conclusions highlight that educational policies on their own are not powerful enough to change patterns of social mobility which are mainly driven by labour market and social class structures.

Some Familial and Social Factors in Depressive Illness

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (486) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Munro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Family History ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This article presents the results of a study in which a number of social, familial and demographic aspects of primary depressive illness were examined under carefully-controlled conditions. The following factors are particularly considered: 1.The size of the sibship in the depressive's family of upbringing;2.the ordinal position of the depressive in that sibship;3.the depressive's position in the sibship relative to the other sibs;4.the age of the parents at the time of the depressive individual's birth;5.the presence of a family history of severe mental illness;6.celibacy and marriage in depressive individuals;7.the fertility of depressives;8.the social class distribution of depressive illness.

Follow-up 10 years later of 34 Klinefelter males with karyotype 47,XXY and 16 hypogonadal males with karyotype 46,XY

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Svend G. Johnsen ◽  
Kurt Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Social

SYNOPSISA 10-year follow-up study is reported of 50 hypogonadal males, 34 of whom had the karyotype 47,XXY and 16 karyotype 46,XY. The social class of the former group was significantly lower and the frequency of criminal behaviour higher when compared with the latter group and the Danish male population. The frequency of mental illness was higher in the Klinefelter males with karyotype 47,XXY than in the remainder. The aetiology and pathogenesis of deviant mental development in the patient population and various aspects of their treatment are discussed.

Social rituals as an early indicator of mental illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S572-S573
Author(s):  
A. Janca ◽  
J. Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Early Indicator ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Behavior

IntroductionSocial rituals refer to routine and expected social activities that are practiced in all communities in a culturally recognized manner (e.g., social greetings, eating customs, attention to dress, sleeping rituals etc.). Persistent departures from or disregard of these social rituals may be an early or prodromal sign of the onset of mental illness.Objectives(1) To develop and evaluate psychometric properties of a measure of social rituals entitled, Social Rituals Schedule (SRS); (2) to evaluate the reliability and cross-cultural applicability of this measure.MethodsThe SRS was administered to 30 psychiatric patients and their nominated relative/friend. The cross-cultural evaluations were conducted using focus groups of Ethiopian (n = 30), Australian Indigenous (n = 100), Iranian (n = 22), and Indian (n = 50) participants.ResultsThe SRS demonstrated moderate to high inter-rater reliability and patient-informant concordance. The social ritual domains were found to be valid, well understood and applicable across the sampled cultures [1].ConclusionsThe concept of social rituals and the SRS instrument were demonstrated to be feasible, reliable and cross-culturally applicable tools for measuring changes in people's appearance and behavior that might be indicative of emerging mental illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Violent and non-violent crime against adults with severe mental illness

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Khalifeh ◽  
S. Johnson ◽  
L. M. Howard ◽  
R. Borschmann ◽  
D. Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relative Extent ◽  
Psychosocial Morbidity ◽  
Population Controls

BackgroundLittle is known about the relative extent of crime against people with severe mental illness (SMI).AimsTo assess the prevalence and impact of crime among people with SMI compared with the general population.MethodA total of 361 psychiatric patients were interviewed using the national crime survey questionnaire, and findings compared with those from 3138 general population controls participating in the contemporaneous national crime survey.ResultsPast-year crime was experienced by 40% of patients v. 14% of controls (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.8, 95% CI 2.0–3.8); and violent assaults by 19% of patients v. 3% of controls (adjusted OR = 5.3, 95% CI 3.1–8.8). Women with SMI had four-, ten- and four-fold increases in the odds of experiencing domestic, community and sexual violence, respectively. Victims with SMI were more likely to report psychosocial morbidity following violence than victims from the general population.ConclusionsPeople with SMI are at greatly increased risk of crime and associated morbidity. Violence prevention policies should be particularly focused on people with SMI.

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