Relationship between pre-operative anxiety and post-operative state

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Johnston ◽  
Lucy Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Poor Predictor

SYNOPSISJanis (1958) has proposed a curvilinear relationship between pre-operative anxiety and post-operative emotional state. While other hypotheses share the prediction of a poor outcome for patients with pre-operative high anxiety, Janis' theory is unique in predicting a poor outcome for those with low anxiety. Subsequent research has failed to confirm Janis' hypotheses, perhaps because the designs have been insensitive to the predictions for low anxiety patients.The current study tests the hypothesis more directly and finds some support for a linear relationship between pre-operative anxiety and post-operative negative affect, with no support for Janis' curvilinear hypothesis. On the whole, pre-operative anxiety was a poor predictor of other measures of recovery but, on one measure, patients with low anxiety showed a slower recovery than those with moderate anxiety, i.e. supporting the prediction of a poor outcome for low anxiety patients.The implications of these results for pre-operative preparation of surgical patients and the development of theories of anxiety are discussed.

Effect of Expectation and Level of Adjustment on Treatment Outcome

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 936-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron L. Evans ◽  
Keith M. Smith ◽  
Eugen M. Halar ◽  
Carol L. Kiolet
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Client Outcome ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Therapeutic Counseling

This analysis assessed the hypothesis that a relation between adjustment prior to treatment and client outcome, based on documented theoretical observations about similar relationships between clients' expectations and subsequent adjustment after therapeutic counseling, is curvilinear. A sample of 77 outpatients at a University-affiliated hospital completed self-assessments using standardized adjustment scales. There was no curvilinear relationship between prior adjustment and outcome, but a linear relationship between expectation and self-assessed outcome was observed.

Determinants of LV diastolic function during atrial fibrillation: beat-to-beat analysis in acute dog experiments

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. H145-H152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomotsugu Tabata ◽  
Richard A. Grimm ◽  
Junko Asada ◽  
Zoran B. Popović ◽  
Hirotsugu Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Rate ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Lv Diastolic Function

Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function during atrial fibrillation (AF) remains poorly understood due to the complex interaction of factors and beat-to-beat variability. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the physiological determinants of beat-to-beat changes in LV diastolic function during AF. The RR intervals preceding a given cardiac beat were measured from the right ventricular electrogram in 12 healthy open-chest mongrel dogs during AF. Doppler echocardiography and LV pressure and volume beat-to-beat analyses were performed. The LV filling time (FT) and early diastolic mitral inflow velocity-time integral ( Evti) were measured using the pulsed Doppler method. The LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), peak systolic LV pressure (LVP), minimum value of the first derivative of LV pressure curve (dP/d tmin), and the time constant of LV pressure decay (τ) were evaluated with the use of a conductance catheter for 100 consecutive cardiac cycles. Beat-to-beat analysis revealed a cascade of important causal relations. LV-FT showed a significant positive linear relationship with Evti ( r = 0.87). Importantly, there was a significant positive linear relationship between the RR interval and LV-EDV in the same cardiac beat ( r = 0.53). Consequently, there was a positive linear relationship between LV-EDV and subsequent peak systolic LVP ( r = 0.82). Furthermore, there were significant positive linear and negative curvilinear relationships between peak systolic LVP and dP/d tmin ( r = 0.95) and τ ( r = –0.85), respectively, in the same cardiac beat. In addition, there was a significant negative curvilinear relationship between dP/d tmin and τ ( r = –0.86). We have concluded that the determinants of LV diastolic function in individual beats during AF depend strongly on the peak systolic LVP. This suggests that the major benefit of slower ventricular rate appears related to lengthening of LV filling interval, promoting subsequent higher peak systolic LVP and greater LV relaxation.

scholarly journals Non-linear effects of relational capital on supply-side resilience

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1053-1075
Author(s):  
Yiyi Fan ◽  
Mark Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Boundary Spanning ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Tie Strength ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Prior studies have largely overlooked the potentially negative consequences of a buyer’s relational capital (RC) with a supplier for supply-side resilience, assuming a positive linear relationship between the constructs. Meanwhile, the focus of research has been at an organisational level without incorporating the role of boundary spanning individuals at the interface between buyer and supplier. Drawing on social capital and boundary spanning theory, the purpose of this paper is to: re-examine the relationship between RC and supply-side resilience, challenging the linear assumption; and investigate how both the strength and diversity of a boundary spanner’s ties moderate this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Survey data are collected from 248 firms and validated using a subset of 57 attentive secondary respondents and archival data. The latent moderated structural equation method is applied to analyse the data. Findings An inverted U-shaped relationship between RC and supply-side resilience is identified. Tie strength in particular has a positive moderating effect on the relationship. More specifically, the downward RC–supply-side resilience relationship flips into an upward curvilinear relationship when boundary spanning individuals develop stronger ties with supplier personnel. Research limitations/implications A deeper insight into the RC–supply-side resilience relationship is provided. Findings are based on Chinese manufacturing firms and cross-sectional data meaning further research is needed to determine their generalisability. Practical implications In evaluating how to enhance supply-side resilience, buying firms must decide whether the associated collaborative benefits of developing RC outweigh the potential costs. Managers also need to be concerned with the impact of developing RC between organisations and enhancing the tie strength of individuals simultaneously. Originality/value The paper goes beyond the linear relationship between RC and supply-side resilience. Incorporating the moderating role of boundary spanners identifies a novel phenomenon whereby the RC–resilience relationship flips from an inverted to a U-shaped curve.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Perceived Ease of Use and Continuance Usage of a Mobile Terminal: Mobility as a Moderator

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoshuang Li ◽  
Yongqiang Sun ◽  
Xiaodong Yang ◽  
Jinyu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Continuance Usage ◽  
The Relationship

As the number of mobile terminal users has increased worldwide, research on continuance usage of a mobile terminal (CUMT) has received wide attention to facilitate the sustainability of development of mobile application providers. However, different results of the relationship between perceived ease of use (PEU) and continuance usage toward information technology were found in prior studies, and studies that mainly focus on their linear relationship cannot provide an explanation of the different results. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between PEU and CUMT to examine the intriguing possibility that a curvilinear relationship can be found. This study proposed a model with a moderator of mobility based on the environment–behavior relationship theory and expectation disconfirmation theory. The research model was tested with 311 respondents collected in China through hierarchical regressions method. The results empirically indicate that mobility moderates the relationship between PEU and CUMT and show a linear relationship under high levels of mobility and a U-shaped relationship under low levels of mobility. At a low PEU stage, PEU negatively and significantly influences the behavior of CUMT, while, at a high PEU stage, there is a positive relationship between PEU and CUMT. This paper provides a detailed explanation of this behavior in the mobile Internet context. This paper discusses theoretical contributions and practical implications for the sustainable development of mobile application providers as well as the limitations of the study and future research directions.

scholarly journals Does the Employability Paradox Exist or Not? An Inverted U-Shaped Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Yu ◽  
Changli Yan ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Dong ◽  
Long Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
Perceived Employability ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
And Performance

This paper’s purpose is to test the employability paradox by adopting a combined linear and non-linear approach based on the conservation of resource (COR) theory and the prospect theory and further to discuss it in two groups of employees with different seniority following the career timetable perspective. A total of 623 pairs of matched employee and manager surveys was collected from 27 Chinese enterprises in two waves. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results show no paradox that perceived employability promotes both an employee’s turnover intention and performance. Specifically, perceived employability has a significant inverted U-shaped effect on turnover intention but no direct influence on job performance. Seniority is a moderator, showing the curvilinear relationship only exhibits for employees with shorter work seniority (≤3 years), and a positive linear relationship between perceived employability and job performance only exists for employees with longer seniority (>3 years). This study emphasizes the value of employability for employers and proposes who is more suitable and what timetable should be followed for employability enhancement in practice. In addition, the study provides an enlightening finding of the inverted U-shaped relationship between perceived employability and turnover intention, applies the COR theory and the prospect theory to explain the non-linear relationship, validates the effect of too much of a good thing (TMGT), and negates the paradox from the perspective of the perceived general employability and career timetable.

Affect and Memory in Real Life

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone N. Loeffler ◽  
Martin Peper
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Cognitive Failures ◽  
Psychophysiological Arousal ◽  
Healthy Participants

Negative affect caused by depression is known to produce cognitive failures during everyday activities. However, traditional neurobehavioral laboratory paradigms that assess affect-memory interactions are critical with respect to their ecological validity. To investigate the effects of negative affect on memory processes in everyday life, we applied a new interactive measurement method in order to detect heart rate increases without accompanying physical activity and to initiate stimulus presentations depending on the specific emotional state in healthy participants. Psychophysiological instability and the intensity of psychophysiological arousal at the time of encoding proved to be important predictors of memory performance in negatively valenced situations. We suggest that multimodal ambulatory methods provide an interesting new opportunity for assessing interactions of emotion and cognition in real life.

MO575SEX DISPARITY IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY SODIUM INTAKE AND THE RISK OF INCIPIENT OSTEOPOROSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-yeon Yu ◽  
Jong Wook Choi ◽  
Sang-Woong Han ◽  
Chang Hwa Lee ◽  
Joon-Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard

Abstract Background and Aims Rationale & Objective: Dietary nutrition is closely related with bone health, but there is wide controversy on the association of dietary sodium intake with bone densitometry (BMD) and risk of incipient osteoporosis. Method Study Design: Community-based retrospective cohort study Measurement: We used Tanaka method for estimating 24-h urinary sodium excretion (e24hUNaETanaka) as candidate indicator of dietary sodium intake. Setting & Participants: Using long-term follow-up cohort data from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study, we identified 4310 participants without osteoporosis and classified them into quartile according to their e24hUNaETanaka. Outcome: Participants were followed up for 12 years of less for a new diagnosis of osteoporosis. Analytical Approach: Multiple Cox-proportional hazard model was performed to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of osteoporosis and survival curve analysis was utilized to compare cumulative survivals. Results Decreased dietary sodium intake was deeply related with low BMD parameters. Multiple Cox-proportional hazard model, adjusted for various conventional risk factors of decreased BMD, demonstrated that e24hUNaETanaka had inverse association with the risk of osteoporosis (adjusted HR = 0.868, 95% CI = 0.768-0.981). Interestingly, our RCS analysis revealed that there was wide variation in the relation between dietary sodium intake and the risk of incipient osteoporosis according to sex and female hormone status: negative curvilinear relationship in male participants; positive linear relationship in premenopausal female participants; and negative linear relationship in postmenopausal female participants. Conclusion Our findings suggest that decreased sodium intake was a significant predictor of osteoporosis progression and there was some sex disparity in the relation dietary sodium intake and the risk of incipient osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Hooked on a Feeling: Influence of Brief Exposure to Familiar Music on Feelings of Emotion in Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1031
Author(s):  
Alaine E. Reschke-Hernández ◽  
Amy M. Belfi ◽  
Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez ◽  
Daniel Tranel
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Post Induction ◽  
Sad Music

Background: Research has indicated that individuals with Alzheimer’s-type dementia (AD) can experience prolonged emotions, even when they cannot recall the eliciting event. Less is known about whether music can modify the emotional state of individuals with AD and whether emotions evoked by music linger in the absence of a declarative memory for the eliciting event. Objective: We examined the effects of participant-selected recorded music on self-reported feelings of emotion in individuals with AD, and whether these feelings persisted irrespective of declarative memory for the emotion-inducing stimuli. Methods: Twenty participants with AD and 19 healthy comparisons (HCs) listened to two 4.5-minute blocks of self-selected music that aimed to induce either sadness or happiness. Participants reported their feelings at baseline and three times post-induction and completed recall and recognition tests for the music selections after each induction. Results: Participants with AD had impaired memory for music selections compared to HCs. Both groups reported elevated sadness and negative affect after listening to sad music and increased happiness and positive affect after listening to happy music, relative to baseline. Sad/negative and happy/positive emotions endured up to 20 minutes post-induction. Conclusion: Brief exposure to music can induce strong and lingering emotions in individuals with AD. These findings extend the intriguing phenomenon whereby lasting emotions can be prompted by stimuli that are not remembered declaratively. Our results underscore the utility of familiar music for inducing emotions in individuals with AD and may ultimately inform strategies for using music listening as a therapeutic tool with this population.

scholarly journals Threat of COVID-19 and emotional state during quarantine: Positive and negative affect as mediators in a cross-sectional study of the Spanish population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0235305 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
María del Mar Molero Jurado ◽  
África Martos Martínez ◽  
Jose Jesús Gázquez Linares
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Sapwood and heartwood width relationship to tree age in Pinusbanksiana

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Yang ◽  
G. Hazenberg
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Natural Stands

The relationships of sapwood and heartwood width with tree age were studied in 101 trees of Pinusbanksiana Lamb. The sample trees were selected from natural stands growing at various stand densities at the Lakehead University woodlot, Thunder Bay, Ontario, and ranged in age from 6 to 97 years at breast height. The number of rings in both sapwood and heartwood and their respective widths were recorded. The sapwood basal area was expressed as the difference between the stem basal area and the heartwood basal area. A linear relationship was found between tree age and sapwood width, sapwood basal area, and heartwood width. A curvilinear relationship was observed between the number of rings in the sapwood or heartwood and tree age. The number of rings in sapwood increased at an average rate of 0.43 ring per year until the tree reached the age of about 70 years. The number of rings in sapwood was, more or less, constant after 70 years. Heartwood began to form at about the age of 6 years. Heartwood was produced at the average rate of 0.57 ring per year until the tree reached approximately 70 years. After 70 years, the average rate of heartwood expansion was 1 ring per year. It is concluded that tree age is one of the main factors that controls sapwood and heartwood width.

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