Functional and psychosocial impairment in adults with undiagnosed ADHD

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN L. ABLE ◽  
JOSEPH A. JOHNSTON ◽  
LENARD A. ADLER ◽  
RALPH W. SWINDLE
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

Background. Identify a group of adults with ‘undiagnosed’ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compare their personal and family medical histories, psychosocial profiles, functional impairment and quality of life with non-ADHD controls. Additionally, compare adults with undiagnosed and diagnosed ADHD to investigate possible reasons why the undiagnosed avoid clinical detection.Method. ICD-9 codes for ADHD in administrative claims records and responses to a telephone-administered adult ADHD screener [the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)] were used to classify approximately 21000 members of two large managed health-care plans as ‘undiagnosed’ (no coded diagnosis; ASRS positive) or ‘non-ADHD’ controls (no coded diagnosis; ASRS negative). Patients identified as ‘undiagnosed’ ADHD were compared with samples of non-ADHD controls and ‘diagnosed’ ADHD patients (ICD-9 coded ADHD diagnoses) on the basis of demographics, socio-economic status, past and present mental health conditions, and self-reported functional and psychosocial impairment and quality of life.Results. A total of 752 ‘undiagnosed’ ADHD subjects, 199 ‘non-ADHD’ controls and 198 ‘diagnosed’ ADHD subjects completed a telephone interview. Overall, the ‘undiagnosed’ ADHD cohort demonstrated higher rates of co-morbid illness and greater functional impairment than ‘non-ADHD’ controls, including significantly higher rates of current depression, and problem drinking, lower educational attainment, and greater emotional and interpersonal difficulties. ‘Undiagnosed’ ADHD subjects reported a different racial composition and lower educational attainment than ‘diagnosed’ ADHD subjects.Conclusion. Individuals with ‘undiagnosed’ ADHD manifest significantly greater functional and psychosocial impairment than those screening negative for the disorder, suggesting that ADHD poses a serious burden to adults even when clinically unrecognized.

Quality of life in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: The Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q)

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Zaboski ◽  
Alexandra Gilbert ◽  
Rebecca Hamblin ◽  
Jessica Andrews ◽  
Amaya Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

The current study examined quality of life (QOL) and its clinical correlates among 225 intensive treatment-seeking children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q). Youth completed the PQ-LES-Q along with self-report measures assessing functional impairment, anxiety sensitivity, OCD symptoms, nonspecific anxiety, depression, and social anxiety. Parents completed measures on their child's anxiety, the presence of inattention/hyperactivity, depression, functional impairment, and frequency of family accommodation of symptoms. Contrary to expectation, child-reported OCD symptoms did not significantly predict QOL; however, lower overall QOL was strongly associated with the presence of comorbid major depressive disorder (g=3D −0.76) and slightly related to comorbid social phobia (g=3D −0.36). These results suggest that assessing and addressing comorbid conditions in the treatment of youth with OCD is an important component of intensive treatment.

The effects of atomoxetine on emotional control in adults with ADHD: An integrated analysis of multicenter studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Asherson ◽  
S. Stes ◽  
M. Nilsson Markhed ◽  
L. Berggren ◽  
P. Svanborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Small Effect Size

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the effects of atomoxetine on emotional control in adults with ADHD.Methods:We performed an integrated analysis using individual patient data pooled from three Eli Lilly-sponsored studies. An integrated analysis can be viewed as a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data, rather than study-level summary data.Results:Two populations were identified: a large sample of patients with pre-treatment baseline data (the “overall population”; n = 2846); and a subset of these patients with placebo-controlled efficacy data from baseline to 10 or 12 weeks after initiating treatment (the “placebo-controlled population”; n = 829). At baseline, in the overall population, ∼50% of ADHD patients had BRIEF-AS (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Self-Report) Emotional control subscores between 21 and 30, compared with ∼10% of normative subjects in the BRIEF-A manual. At endpoint, in the placebo-controlled population, atomoxetine led to a small (effect size 0.19) but significant (P = 0.013) treatment effect for emotional control. The effect size was 0.32 in patients with BRIEF-AS Emotional control scores > 20 at baseline. Improvements in emotional control correlated with improvements in the core ADHD symptoms and quality-of-life.Discussion:As deficient emotional control is associated with impaired social, educational and occupational functioning over and above that explained by core ADHD symptoms alone, improvements in emotional control may be clinically relevant.Conclusion:At baseline, adults with ADHD were more likely to have impaired emotional control than normative subjects. In the adult ADHD patients, atomoxetine treatment was associated with improvements in emotional control, as well as in core ADHD symptoms and quality-of-life.

scholarly journals Emotional Dysregulation And Quality of Life In Young Adults With ADHD- A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maayan Ben Dor Cohen ◽  
Eran Eldar ◽  
Adina Maeir ◽  
Mor Nahun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with emotional dysregulation (ED) and impaired quality of life (QoL). However, the role of ED in explaining the relationship between ADHD and QoL is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to do so in a sample of non-referred young adults with and without ADHD.Method: The study design was cross-sectional. A non-clinical sample of 62 young adults with ADHD (mean age = 24.86 years, SD = 3.25) and 69 controls (mean age = 23.84 years, SD = 2.59) were recruited. The Adult ADHD Quality-of-Life scale was used to measure QoL; The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was used to measure ADHD symptoms. The Self-Report Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were used to measure ED. Group differences on all measures were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance, while controlling for age. Univariate analyses of variance were conducted to investigate the possible effect of medication on all outcome measures in the ADHD group. Finally, a moderation analysis was used in order to examine the impact of ED on QoL beyond that accounted for by ADHD symptoms.Results: Both QoL and ED were significantly worse for the ADHD group compared to the control group. The medication status of the ADHD group participants had no significant effect on the level of ADHD symptoms, ED or QoL. ED moderated the effect of ADHD symptoms on QoL for the ADHD group.Conclusion: The findings support the centrality of ED in ADHD and its crucial influence on QoL. Young adults with ADHD and high levels of ED are at risk for aversive impact on their well-being regardless of their ADHD symptoms level.

Health related quality of life in adults with ADHD symptoms: A population survey using 15D and AAQoL

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S172-S173
Author(s):  
L. Alaheino ◽  
S. Leppämäki ◽  
T. Partonen ◽  
M. Sainio
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Specific

IntroductionHealth related quality of life (HRQoL) can be measured and compared, to give us an understanding of the impact different diseases have on health. The diagnostic tests for attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in adulthood fail to catch the diversity of ways the condition affects one's life. Disease-specific quality-of-life scales try to reach beyond the typical symptoms of the condition, to find those specific difficulties a person subjectively grades as challenging.ObjectivesTo assess the levels of general and disease-specific HRQoL in adults with ADHD-like symptoms.AimsTo understand the impact ADHD-like symptoms have on adults’ HRQoL.MethodsA random, nationwide sample of 3000 Finnish speaking citizens (aged 18-44 years) was drawn from the national population register. A subsample of 171 people, 57 screener (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale [ASRS]) positive cases and two age- and sex-matched controls for each case, participated in a telephone interview. General HRQoL was measured with 15D, and disease-specific HRQoL with Adult ADHD Quality-of-Life (AAQoL) scale.ResultsThe 15D score was 0.866 for the screener positives, 0.943 for the controls, and 0.945 for the Finnish population reference. The difference between the screener positives and controls was significant (P < 0.001). The AAQoL sum score was worse for the screener positives than controls (61.9 vs. 82.1, P < 0.001), and all the subscales were affected accordingly.ConclusionsAdults with ADHD-like symptoms have a lower quality of life, as measured both on the general and on the condition-specific quality of life scales.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Do Personality Traits Predict Functional Impairment and Quality of Life in Adult ADHD? A Controlled Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Allison He ◽  
Kevin M. Antshel ◽  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Stephen V. Faraone
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Functional Impairments

Objective: To examine the association of personality traits and characteristics on quality of life and functioning in adults with ADHD. Method: Participants were adults with ( n = 206) and without ADHD ( n = 123) who completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), and the Social Adjustment Scale–Self-Report (SAS-SR). Participants also provided information on academic, motor vehicle operation, legal, social, familial, and occupational functioning. Outcomes were examined using stepwise linear regression, logistic regression (for binary outcomes), and negative binomial regression (for count outcomes) controlling for ADHD symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, and executive dysfunction. Results: Adults with ADHD significantly differed from controls across nearly all TCI personality domains. On average, adults with ADHD endorsed more novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and self-transcendence, and less reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness. Personality traits and characteristics, especially self-directedness, significantly predicted functional impairments even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, executive function deficits, and current psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusion: In adults with ADHD, personality traits exert unique associations on quality of life and functional impairment across major life domains, beyond the relations expected of and associated with ADHD symptoms and other associated psychiatric conditions and cognitive vulnerabilities. Addressing personality traits in adults with ADHD may lead to improvements in quality of life and reductions in functional impairment.

The Vietnamese Version of the Health-related Quality of Life Measure for Children with Epilepsy (CHEQOL-25): Reliability

MedPharmRes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Tri Doan ◽  
Tuan Tran ◽  
Han Nguyen ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Life Measure ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Parent Proxy

Purpose: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the self-report and parent-proxy Health-Related Quality of Life Measure for Children with Epilepsy (CHEQOL-25) into Vietnamese and to evaluate their reliability. Methods: Both English versions of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 were translated and culturally adapted into Vietnamese by using the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process. The Vietnamese versions were scored by 77 epileptic patients, who aged 8–15 years, and their parents/caregivers at neurology outpatient clinic of Children Hospital No. 2 – Ho Chi Minh City. Reliability of the questionnaires was determined by using Cronbach’s coefficient α and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Both Vietnamese versions of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 were shown to be consistent with the English ones, easy to understand for Vietnamese children and parents. Thus, no further modification was required. Cronbach’s α coefficient for each subscale of the Vietnamese version of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 was 0.65 to 0.86 and 0.83 to 0.86, respectively. The ICC for each subscale of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 was in the range of 0.61 to 0.86 and 0.77 to 0.98, respectively. Conclusion: The Vietnamese version of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 were the first questionnaires about quality of life of epileptic children in Vietnam. This Vietnamese version was shown to be reliable to assess the quality of life of children with epilepsy aged 8–15 years.

scholarly journals Characteristics and health status of patients with and without confirmed HFpEF

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Deaton ◽  
F Forsyth ◽  
J Mant ◽  
D Edwards ◽  
R Hobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Walk Distance ◽  
Minute Walk Distance ◽  
Minute Walk

Abstract Aims Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are usually older and multi-morbid and diagnosis can be challenging. The aims of this cohort study were to confirm diagnosis of HFpEF in patients with possible HFpEF recruited from primary care, to compare characteristics and health status between those with and without HFpEF, and to determine factors associated with health status in patients with HFpEF. Methods Patients with presumed HFpEF were recruited from primary care practices and underwent clinical assessment and diagnostic evaluation as part of a longitudinal cohort study. Health status was measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), 6-minute walk test, symptoms, and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), and quality of life (QoL) by EQ-5D-5L visual analogue scale (VAS). Results 151 patients (mean age 78.5±8.6 years, 40% women, mean EF 56% + 9.4) were recruited and 93 (61.6%) were confirmed HFpEF (those without HFpEF had other HF and cardiac diagnoses). Patients with and without HFpEF did not differ by age, MOCA, blood pressure, heart rate, NYHA class, proportion with atrial fibrillation, Charlson Comorbidity Index, or NT-ProBNP levels. Patients with HFpEF were more likely to be women, overweight or obese, frail, and to be more functionally impaired by 6 minute walk distance and gait speed than those without. Although not statistically significant, patients with HFpEF had clinically significant differences (&gt;5 points) on the physical limitations, symptom burden and clinical summary subscales of the KCCQ, but did not differ by other subscales or by EQ-5D-5L VAS (70±17 vs 73±19, p=0.385). More patients with HFpEF reported daytime dyspnoea (63% vs 46%, p=0.035) and fatigue (81% vs 61%, p=0.008), but not other symptoms compared to those without HFpEF. For both groups BMI was moderately negatively correlated with KCCQ subscale scores, and 6 minute walk distance was positively correlated with KCCQ subscales. Conclusions Nearly 40% were not confirmed as HFpEF indicating the challenges of diagnosis. Patients with confirmed HFpEF differed by sex, overweight/obesity, frailty, functional impairment, and symptoms but not by age or comorbidities from those without HFpEF. These differences were reflected in some subscale scores of the KCCQ, but not how patients reported their quality of life on the KCCQ QoL subscale and EQ-5D-5L VAS. Older patients with HFpEF reported relatively high QoL despite poor health status by functional impairment, frailty and symptoms. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Institute of Health Research School of Primary Care Research

scholarly journals Occupational groups and its physical and mental health correlates: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeswari Sambasivam ◽  
Anitha Jeyagurunathan ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Saleha Shafie ◽  
Sherilyn Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Physical Disorders

Abstract Purpose The physical and mental wellbeing of an individual is impacted by the type occupation one does. This study aims to establish the prevalence of mental and physical disorders, the association of occupational groups and health-related quality of life, and the extent of work-loss and work-cut back in past 30 days among the employed in the Singapore resident population. Methods Data from a population-based, epidemiological survey of a representative sample of Singapore citizens and permanent residents aged 18 years and above were used. Lifetime diagnosis of select mental disorders was established using the World Health Organization’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (WHO-CIDI 3.0). Data on nicotine dependence, work productivity, quality of life and socio-demographics were obtained via self-report. Ten major occupational groups based on the Singapore Standard Occupational Classification were included in the analysis. Results The sample comprised 4021 employed individuals who were predominantly males (54.7%) and aged 35–49 years (35.4%). ‘Service and sales workers’ (22.6%), ‘Professionals’ (17.3%) and ‘Legislators, senior officials and managers’ (16.4%) were the three largest occupational groups. Socio-demographic characteristics differed significantly (p < 0.001) across all occupational groups. Lifetime prevalence of mood disorders among the employed was 8.4% and the most prevalent physical disorder was chronic pain (18.9%). No significant differences were observed in work productivity loss across the occupational groups. Conclusions The disparities in the socio-demographic characteristics and prevalence of mental and physical disorders across occupational categories provide policymakers with vital information to pilot effective interventions that can improve the psychosocial and physical conditions at work.

Quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients in Spain

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-H Chang ◽  
D Cella ◽  
O Fernández ◽  
G Luque ◽  
P de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective: The cross-sectional study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS) Spanish version and its use in measuring quality of life (QOL) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Spain. Methods: The FAMS is a factorially derived self-report scale designed to assess six primary aspects of QOL of patients with MS: Mobility, Symptoms, Emotional Well-Being, General Contentment, Thinking and Fatigue, and Family/Social Well-Being. Its Spanish translated version was used to assess QOL of 625 MS patients recruited in an outpatient clinic setting from 58 hospitals in Spain. Internal consistency of the Spanish FAMS was evaluated. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors from demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics, and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in predicting FAMS scale scores. Results: Most of the patients are females (66%), and 74% were of the relapsing-remitting (RR) clinical subtype. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were high (range=0.78-0.96), indicating subscale homogeneity comparable to that of the original English version. Linear multivariate regression analyses revealed that the EDSS is a dominant variable in predicting all the FAMS subscales, especially mobility (R2=0.51) and the total scores. Conclusions: The Spanish FAMS is a psychometrically valid instrument that allows clinicians and clinical researchers the ability to measure the QOL concerns of MS patients in Spain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document