Magnitude and contributory factors of postnatal depression: a community-based cohort study from a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gausia ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
J. Oosthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Model ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that the prevalence of postnatal depression (PND) is highest in low-income developing countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PND and its associated risk factors among Bangladeshi women.MethodThe study was conducted in the Matlab subdistrict of rural Bangladesh. A cohort of 346 women was followed up from late pregnancy to post-partum. Sociodemographic and other related information on risk factors was collected on structured questionnaires by trained interviewers at 34–35 weeks of pregnancy at the woman's home. A validated local language (Bangla) version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS-B) was used to measure depression status at 34–35 weeks of pregnancy and at 6–8 weeks after delivery.ResultsThe prevalence of PND was 22% [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.7–26.7%] at 6–8 weeks post-partum. After adjustment in a multivariate logistic model, PND could be predicted by history of past mental illness [odds ratio (OR) 5.6, 95% CI 1.1–27.3], depression in current pregnancy (OR 6.0, 95% CI 3.0–12.0), perinatal death (OR 14.1, 95% CI 2.5–78.0), poor relationship with mother-in-law (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.1–11.8) and either the husband or the wife leaving home after a domestic quarrel (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6–10.2).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of PND in the study was similar to other countries in the South Asian region. The study findings highlight the need for programme managers and policy makers to allocate resources and develop strategies to address PND in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Chandran ◽  
Prathap Tharyan ◽  
Jayaprakash Muliyil ◽  
Sulochana Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Post Partum Depression

BackgroundCommunity-based epidemiological data on post-partum depression from developing countries are scarce.AimsTo determine the incidence of and risk factors for developing post-partum depression in a cohort of women living in rural south India.MethodWe assessed 359 women in the last trimester of pregnancy and 6–12 weeks after delivery for depression and for putative risk factors.ResultsThe incidence of post-partum depression was 11% (95% CI 7.1–14.9). Low income, birth of a daughter when a son was desired, relationship difficulties with mother-in-law and parents, adverse life events during pregnancy and lack of physical help were risk factors for the onset of post-partum depression.ConclusionsDepression occurred as frequently during late pregnancy and after delivery as in developed countries, but there were cultural differences in risk factors. These findings have implications for policies regarding maternal and child-care programmes.

scholarly journals Paternal Perinatal Depression Assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Gotland Male Depression Scale: Prevalence and Possible Risk Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Carlberg ◽  
Maigun Edhborg ◽  
Lene Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Male Depression ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Several studies have used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), developed to screen new mothers, also for new fathers. This study aimed to further contribute to this knowledge by comparing assessment of possible depression in fathers and associated demographic factors by the EPDS and the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS), developed for “male” depression screening. The study compared EPDS score ≥10 and ≥12, corresponding to minor and major depression, respectively, in relation to GMDS score ≥13. At 3–6 months after child birth, a questionnaire was sent to 8,011 fathers of whom 3,656 (46%) responded. The detection of possibly depressed fathers by EPDS was 8.1% at score ≥12, comparable to the 8.6% detected by the GMDS. At score ≥10, the proportion detected by EPDS increased to 13.3%. Associations with possible risk factors were analyzed for fathers detected by one or both scales. A low income was associated with depression in all groups. Fathers detected by EPDS alone were at higher risk if they had three or more children, or lower education. Fathers detected by EPDS alone at score ≥10, or by both scales at EPDS score ≥12, more often were born in a foreign country. Seemingly, the EPDS and the GMDS are associated with different demographic risk factors. The EPDS score appears critical since 5% of possibly depressed fathers are excluded at EPDS cutoff 12. These results suggest that neither scale alone is sufficient for depression screening in new fathers, and that the decision of EPDS cutoff is crucial.

scholarly journals Ethnoepidemiology of postnatal depression

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic T. S. Lee ◽  
Alexander S. K. Yip ◽  
Tony Y. S. Leung ◽  
Tony K. H. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Marital Dissatisfaction ◽  
Sociocultural Risk Factors

BackgroundAlthough there have been many studies of the biological and psychosocial causations of postnatal depression, studies of sociocultural risk factors are rare.AimsTo investigate the sociocultural risk factors of postnatal depression using ethnographically informed epidemiological methods.MethodAtotal of 959 women were assessed at their first ante-partum visit (baseline), in the third trimester, immediately after delivery, and 3 months post-partum. Six domains of risk factors were examined. The dependent variable was postnatal depression (as defined by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) at 3 months post-partum.ResultsConflict with mother-in-law, marital dissatisfaction, past depression and antenatal depression independently predicted the occurrence of postnatal depression. The cultural practice of peiyue – a Chinese post-partum custom of mandated family support – was associated with better social support and a slightly lower risk of postnatal depression.ConclusionsSociocultural aspects of the immediate puerperium shape maternal emotional well-being. In-law conflict is an important source of household distress in many Asian societies. The findings have implications for clinical practice and future studies.

Prevalence, Knowledge and Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression in Western Nepal - A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Sapana Karki ◽  
Shila Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Postpartum depression(PPD)can be defined as non-psychotic depression occurring within a year after childbirth, characterized by low mood, unusual thoughts, feeling of guilt, unexplained anxiety, worthlessness, and other depressive symptoms. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence, knowledge and risk factors of postpartum disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 217 postpartum mothers in the outpatient department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS). All the patients enrolled were directly interviewed using a structured questionnaire to identify the associated risk factors of postpartum depression. The data collected were checked for validity and analyzed using S.P.S. version 16.0. Results: Out of 217 patients, five women were found to have an EPDS(Edinburgh postnatal depression scale) score greater than 10. The prevalence of postpartum depression was found to be 2.3%.Upon evaluation of knowledge about postpartum depression, 90.3% of women were found to have a poor level of knowledge and 8.8% had a good knowledge level. The statistically significant factors associated with postpartum depression were the lack of support from family and partners (p<0.005). Conclusion: There was a comparatively low prevalence of P.P.D. in Western Nepal. Majority of the mothers (90.3%) were found not aware of P.P.D. The present study concluded on the need for educational intervention among the mothers regarding P.P.D. in Western Nepal.

scholarly journals Validation of Edinburgh post natal depression scale in post-natal woman from a tertiary referral center in South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3439
Author(s):  
Rashmi A. G. ◽  
Shubhashri N. S.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
South India ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Post Natal Depression

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are two most important life-changing events. Post-partum depression can affect mother and has a wide spectrum of presentation depending upon various social factors. Studies suggest that the incidence of postnatal depression among women of high social strata is 13-19% while the incidence is 11-42% among women with limited social support. The present study aims to study postnatal depression and its causes in a postnatal mother in all the aspects of social, physical, cultural and psychiatric grounds in the Indian scenario with the help of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS).Methods: From 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2019, a total 300 postnatal women between 1 to 6 weeks of the postpartum period participated and during their stay in the hospital responded to EPDS. The study was purposive sampling, and full consent of the study subjects was taken before the start of the study.Results: In this study, we found 20.1% of a woman affected by post-partum in South India. The higher percentage of severe depression was seen in the primary gravida (20%). The risk factors such as availability of postnatal care (with NICU admission), the woman with medical complications, late childbirth or delayed childbirth after marriage, multiparity, delivery via caesarean and nuclear family showed significant relationship (p<0.005) with depression.Conclusions: The present study, with a Post-natal depression of 20.1% along with the enumerated risk factors, suggest that the causes for postpartum depression (PPD) among working Indian woman, reflect a change to an urban-centric lifestyle. Further evaluation of these risk factors needs to be made and a routine screening of Postpartum depression (PPD) can help in improving maternal and child health.

1035325 Analisis Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Post Partum Blues dengan Skrining Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postpartum Blues

Abstrak Perubahan peran seorang wanita menjadi seorang ibu tidaklah selalu berupa hal yang menyenangkan saja bagi pasangan suami istri, kadang kala terjadi terjadi konflik baik didalam diri wanita tersebut maupun konflik dengan suami. Jika perhatian terhadap keadaan psikologis ibu post partum kurang maka dapat menyebabkan ibu akan cenderung untuk mencoba mengatasi permasalahannya atau ketidaknyamanannya tersebut sendiri, keadaan ini jika dibiarkan saja dapat menyebabkan ibu post partum mengalami postpartum blues. Di Indonesia, diperkirakan terdapat 50-70% ibu pasca melahirkan mengalami postpartum blues pada hari 4-10. Penelitian ini menggunakan survey analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 160 orang. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner yang ditampilkan dalam analisa univariat dan bivariat menggunakan sistem komputerisasi SPSS. Hasil penelitian yaitu ada hubungan antara pendidikan ibu (p 0,013), pekerjaan ibu (p 0,013), dukungan suami (p 0,021), pendapatan keluarga dengan kejadian post partum blues (p 0,000) dan tidak ada hubungan antara paritas ibu (p 0,199), umur ibu (p 0,391), dan riwayat PMS (p 0,087) dengan kejadian post partum blues. Diharapkan bagi peneliti untuk dapat melanjutkan penelitian dengan variabel yang lebih bergam dan diharapkan bagi para tenaga kesehatan agar dapat meningkatkan pelayanan terutama dalam pemberian dukungan pada ibu masa post partum, sehingga mengurangi resiko ibu mengalami postpartum blues. Kata kunci : Postpartum blues, pendidikan, pekerjaan, dukungan suami, riwayat PMS

scholarly journals Prevalence of postnatal depression and associated risk factors among South Asian mothers living in a newly developing country

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Hashim Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Marital Problems ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Asian Mothers

AbstractIntroductionPostnatal Depression (PND) is a major health problem affecting mother, her child and family.  Its prevalence and associated risk factors among South Asian mothers (SAM) living  in Qatar remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of PND among (SEAM) in Qatar and to correlate risk factors contributing to the development of PND.Materials and methodsA total of (285 ) (SAM)females who were six months  postpartum were interviewed as  part of a prospective study conducted in primary health care centers in Qatar.  PND symptoms were defined as present when subjects had an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 10 or higher. Descriptive statistics were used for summarizing the study and outcome variables. The χ2 test and ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for observation and quantifying the association between different variables. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent associated factors of PPD. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Variables included were age , occupation, education level ,previous psychiatric history ,comorbidities , ,history of depression during current  pregnancy, history of anxiety during current pregnancy, number of previous pregnancies, strong social support, husband support, marital problem before pregnancy and ongoing marital problems during current pregnancy.Results The prevalence of postnatal depression among 285 respondents was 33.2% .several psychosocial risk factors were significantly associated with postnatal depression and, after multiple regression analysis, a history of depressive illness ,anxiety ,marital problems before delivery ,a history of diabetes and asthma ,history of congenital malformations ,and lack of mother support.Other variables, including age, parity, education, occupation, and delivery type, were not significantly correlated (P=0.15–0.95), but marginally indicative of the risk of depressive symptoms.ConclusionThis study showed a high rate of depressive symptoms among(SAM) six months Postpartum . Future screening protocols  must be employed at primary care level and hospital based clinics in Qatar to detect and treat post natal depression.Keywords: postnatal  depression,  South Asians, primary health care ,Doha, EPDS  

scholarly journals Major congenital anomalies at birth in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 1995

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
R. Singh ◽  
O. Al Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Multiple Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Over 40 Years

A study was conducted to investigate the magnitude, nature and associated risk factors of major congenital anomalies [MCAs]at birth in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 1995. The incidence of MCAs was 7.4 per 1000 live births and 9.3 per 1000 total births. The rate was higher in summer, in babies born to mothers over 40 years and low-birth-weight babies or those born preterm or post-term. In 56.1% of cases there were multiple congenital anomalies and > two-thirds of the major congenital anomalies were chromosomal, musculoskeletal or of the central nervous system. The incidence of perinatal death in births with MCAs was 49.1% compared with 2.7% for all births

scholarly journals Gambaran Faktor-Faktor (Dukungan Keluarga, Pengetahuan, Status Kehamilan Dan Jenis Persalinan) Yang Melatarbelakangi Kejadian Post Partum Blues Pada Ibu Nifas Hari Ke-7 (Di Polindes Doa Ibu Gesikharjo dan Polindes Teratai Kradenan Palang)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Mariyatul Qiftiyah
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale

Angka kejadian post partum blues di Asia cukup tinggi dan sangat bervariasi antara 26-85%, sedangkan di Indonesia angka kejadian post partum blues antara 50-70%. Jika post partum blues dibiarkan, dapat berlanjut menjadi depresi pasca melahirkan. Berbagai faktor yang dapat melatarbelakangi post partum blues adalah dukungan keluarga, pengetahuan, status kehamilan dan jenis persalinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor-faktor (dukungan keluarga, pengetahuan, status kehamilan, dan jenis persalinan) yang melatarbelakangi post partum blues pada ibu nifas hari ke-7 di Polindes Doa Ibu Gesikharjo dan Polindes Teratai Kradenan Palang.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian seluruh ibu nifas hari ke-7 di Polindes Doa Ibu Gesikharjo dan Polindes Teratai Kradenan Palang sebanyak 24 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh. Cara pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan EPDS (Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale), variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah dukungan keluarga, pengetahuan, status kehamilan, jenis persalinan dan kejadian post partum blues.Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa hampir setengahnya responden (45,83%)mendapatkan dukungan keluarga kurang. Hampir setengahnya responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang (41,66%). Hampir seluruhnya responden(87,5%)direncanakanstatus kehamilan. Sebagian besar responden(75%) jenis persalinan normal dan setengahnya responden  (50%) mengalami post partum blues ringan.Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa setengahnya responden mengalami post partum blues ringan mendapatkan dukungan keluarga kurang dan pengetahuan kurang. Sehingga masih diperlukan peran serta dukungan keluarga dalam mencegah faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi post partum blues pada ibu nifas hari ke-7, yaitu selalu memberikan dukungan kepada ibu post partum baik dukungan moral atau material dan diadakannya penyuluhan tentang dampak dan cara mengatasi post partum blues.Kata Kunci :  Dukungan Keluarga, Pengetahuan, Jenis Persalinan, Status Kehamilan, dan Post Partum Blues

Les facteurs associés à la dépression post-partum dans la cohorte Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance (ELFE)

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (S2) ◽  
pp. S34-S34
Author(s):  
M. Balès ◽  
S. Barandon ◽  
E. Pambrun ◽  
M. Melchior ◽  
N. Glangeaud-Freudenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Facteurs De Risque ◽  
Consommation D’Alcool ◽  
Étude Longitudinale ◽  
Facteurs Psychologiques ◽  
Santé Physique ◽  
Modèle Théorique ◽  
Pour Cent

La plupart des travaux ne considèrent pas les interrelations potentielles entre les différents facteurs de risque reconnus de troubles émotionnels maternels périnataux. L’Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance (ELFE) a permis d’interroger l1 643 mères sur leur santé mentale périnatale (contrat ANR-DSSA, 2012). Les facteurs influençant indépendamment l’existence de difficultés psychologiques durant la grossesse et l’accès aux mesures de dépistage et de prévention anténatales (entretien prénatal précoce [EPP] ; préparation à la naissance et à la parentalité [PNP]) ont été étudiés par des régressions multivariées. Des analyses en équations structurelles ont ensuite permis de tester les relations directes et indirectes entre 9 groupes de facteurs de risque (niveau socioéconomique, soutien anténatal, soutien postnatal, accompagnement à la parentalité, complications obstétricales, facteurs psychologiques maternels, santé physique du bébé, comportements maternels envers le bébé et capacités d’autorégulation du bébé) et l’intensité des symptômes dépressifs postnataux évalués par l’Edingburgh Postnatal Depression Scale , selon un modèle multifactoriel inspiré du modèle théorique de Milgrom et al. . Douze pour cent des femmes rapportaient des difficultés psychologiques anténatales (plus fréquentes en cas de niveau économique bas, consommation d’alcool/tabac, grossesse non planifiée, déclaration tardive, multiparité, grossesse compliquée) . Les femmes primipares, nées en France, de niveau éducatif élevé, en situation d’emploi, ou déclarant des difficultés psychologiques avaient plus souvent bénéficié de l’EPP et de la PNP . Les mères jeunes, bénéficiant de la CMU, ambivalentes quant à leur grossesse, ayant moins de 7 visites prénatales et des complications obstétricales suivaient, elles, moins fréquemment une PNP . Enfin, le soutien anténatal et les capacités d’autorégulation du bébé avaient des effets directs sur l’intensité de la symptomatologie dépressive à 2 mois post-partum, et le niveau socioéconomique, les problèmes de santé du bébé et la compréhension maternelle des pleurs avaient eux des effets indirects. L’impact prépondérant de facteurs anténatals et liés au bébé orientent vers des pistes originales de recherche et d’adaptation de la prévention des difficultés psychologiques périnatales maternelles au population socioéconomiquement vulnérables.

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