scholarly journals A pocket of very high suicide rates in a non-violent, egalitarian and cooperative population of South-East Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2323-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jollant ◽  
A. Malafosse ◽  
R. Docto ◽  
C. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Very High Frequencies ◽  
Very High

BackgroundExtremely high rates of suicide localized within subgroups of populations where suicide is rare have been reported. We investigated this intriguing observation in a population of South-East Asia, where local culture should theoretically be preventative of suicide.MethodA team including an anthropologist and a psychiatrist surveyed all cases of suicide that had occurred over 10 years in four isolated regions. A psychological autopsy was carried out comparing each suicide case with two matched control cases.ResultsIn a region of 1192 inhabitants, 16 suicides occurred, leading to an annual suicide rate of 134/1 000 00 which is 10 times the rate in the USA or Canada. By contrast, three ethnically similar distant communities showed low to null rates. The gender ratio was three males to one female and two-thirds of cases were aged below 35 years. Methods of suicide were poisoning and hanging and motives mainly included interpersonal discord. The pattern of developmental and clinical risk factors was somewhat different from Western countries, showing no childhood maltreatment, only one case of alcohol/substance abuse and impulsive–aggressive personality but elevated rates of social anxiety. Suicide cases had very high frequencies of second-degree biological relatives who committed suicide.ConclusionsOur study confirms a persistent phenomenon of high suicide rates restricted to a subgroup of a pre-industrialized population. We hypothesized this might be explained by isolation and endogamy, which may have promoted the selection/amplification of genetic vulnerability factors, or a contagion effect. These findings shed light on suicide from both a singular and a universal perspective, suggesting that particular local conditions may significantly modulate the rate of this complex behavior.

scholarly journals Psychological Autopsy Studies of Suicide in South East Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762110336
Author(s):  
S.M. Yasir Arafat ◽  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Natarajan Varadharajan ◽  
Sujita Kumar Kar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Case Control Studies

Background: Psychiatric disorders have been identified as an important risk factor for suicide. However, different psychological autopsy studies have revealed different prevalences at different times and places. Objective: We aimed to see the distribution of psychological autopsy studies and the prevalence of mental disorders among suicides and identify major risk factors in Southeast Asian countries. Method: We scrutinized psychological autopsy studies published in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia (SEA) region countries. We also searched the available bibliographies to identify the studies in the region so that all the possible articles could be included. Results: Out of the 11 countries, 14 psychological autopsy studies were identified in five SEA countries (Bangladesh [1], India [9], Indonesia [1], Nepal [1], and Sri Lanka [2]). Seven studies (50%) used a case-control study design, and eight (57.1%) were carried out in urban settings. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in case-control studies was from 37% to 88%. Stressful life event was identified as a major risk factor in all the case-control studies. Conclusion: Psychological autopsy studies have not been conducted in 6 out of 11 countries of the SEA region. The presence of pre-existing psychiatric morbidity and stressful life events were the two most common risk factors noted across settings, even though there is wide heterogeneity in samples, study design, instruments, and study settings.

scholarly journals The Concept of China’s Peaceful Rise and Offensive Realism

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-312
Author(s):  
Adam Araszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Offensive Realism

This article aims at adressing several research issues. Firstly, to present offensive realism as a proper research tool to analyse US-China rivalry. Secondly, the author discusses the theory of “China’s peaceful rise” and I argues that it smoothly overlapped with the US strategy of liberal hegemony. Thirdly, He presents and defends the argument that China does not rise peacefully. Fourthly, the author claims that China wants to became a regional hegemon in South-East Asia and the USA according to offensive realism cannot let it happen. Last but not least the author considers the arguments that are frequently used to support the theory of “China’s peaceful rise” and explains why they fail to depict the current and predict the future nature of US-China relations. In this article the author employed the following research methods: historical, descriptive and decision making methods.

Food-related lifestyles across generations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Arenas-Gaitán ◽  
Begoña Peral-Peral ◽  
Jesús Reina-Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Similarities And Differences

PurposeThere is a strong relationship between the changes that society faces and food. The aim of this work is to analyse the differences between generations related to their behaviour towards food.Design/methodology/approachTo characterise people's behaviour towards their food, the authors will use a tool, food-related lifestyles (FRL), which has been widely employed in the literature. To achieve this general objective, the authors are going to break this down into two operational goals. Firstly, the authors will analyse if there exist differences in generations regarding the characteristics which make up their FRL. Secondly, the authors will determine if there is an association between generations and specific FRL. The authors have developed a study of 1,200 consumers.FindingsThe results have enabled is to achieve the proposed aims and to describe the behaviour of each generation towards its FRL. There are significant differences in 15 of the 22 dimensions of the LRF analysed according to generations. The authors noted six consumer segments with regard to the FRL and the authors have found a relation between the characteristics which define the generations and their FRL. The findings enable offering implications for the food sector and for society.Originality/valueFirstly, this research spans the five generations present in the current society. Secondly, most works are centred on how FRL correspond with the consumption of specific products. This paper is dedicated to going thoroughly into the intergenerational similarities and differences regarding their FRL. Thirdly, the FRL tool has been especially applied in the context of Central European and Nordic countries, the USA and South-East Asia. In this work, the authors apply the FRL to a Mediterranean cultural context, Spain, characterised by a Mediterranean diet and by a significant family and social component in the diet.

A tale of three cities: water disaster policy responses in Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Metro Manila

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizrul Abdullah ◽  
Apichart Anukularmphai ◽  
Tadashige Kawasaki ◽  
Dolora Nepomuceno
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Disaster

Floods and typhoons are two of the greatest water disasters affecting South East Asia, causing misery and death to people, damaging properties, infrastructure and crops, and causing disruption to commerce and industry. In many cases the impact can be widespread, affecting not only individual households but also large parts of a country including agriculture areas, towns and cities, and sometimes even beyond national borders. The rapid pace of development has resulted in a disproportionate increase in runoff and a many-fold increase in river discharges leading to more frequent and more intense flooding. This situation is expected to be further aggravated due to the impact of global warming and climate change. To cope with such challenges, countries in South East Asia are developing their policy responses tailored to suit their local conditions and environment. This paper looks at the water disaster situation and the policy responses in three cities in South East Asia: Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Metro Manila, the capital cities of the Kingdom of Thailand, the Federation of Malaysia and the Republic of the Philippines, respectively. Although all three countries are in the same climatic zone, due to their geographical locations, water disasters impact differently on them and the remedial measures also differ.

Analysis of National ICT Strategies for USA, EU, India, South East Asia, and Australasia

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-63
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
President Obama ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Government Data

This chapter examines available secondary research data from various national ICT government strategies of the USA, EU, India, South East Asia, Australia, and New Zealand to determine the centric inclination of these strategies and how these strategies support and facilitate public service delivery in the digital era. This research had the objective of determining the major ICT trends of the respective countries by five dimensions, namely citizen centric, civil society centric, business centric, government administration centric, and technology centric. The ICT strategies from the various geographical regions may be summed up by two aims, as expressed by the USA President Obama in his directive “Roadmap for a Digital Government” of 2012, namely to use technology to make a real difference in people's lives (i.e., government reinvention through the transformation of processes) and to innovate more and enable entrepreneurs to better leverage government data to improve the quality of services to the general public (i.e., utilisation of information for improved decision making).

scholarly journals Monochoria hastata (hastate-leaved pondweed).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
New World ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Flooding Events

Abstract Monochoria hastata is a tropical aquatic herb, almost entirely restricted to its native distribution of South-East Asia and Oceania (Boonkerd et al., 1993). It is a weed of rice fields in South-East Asia, with a prolific seed production and a high capacity to reproduce vegetatively (Ali et al., 2018). It is only listed as invasive in rice fields in Singapore, without further details (PIER, 2019). M. hastata is not reported as invasive in natural habitats; nor is there information about its effects on biodiversity. Outside its native range, M. hastata is reported as expected to spread and invade rice fields in Pakistan, facilitated by flooding events associated to monsoon rains (Ali et al., 2018). Although is not found in the New World, M. hastata is declared as a Federal Noxious Weed in the USA, because of the detrimental effects it could cause to agriculture (Coile, 1996). In Oceania, M. hastata is reported only as cultivated in Fiji, without further details (PIER, 2019). In the Northern Territory of Australia, M. hastata is classified as vulnerable because of the deterioration of aquatic habitats and the invasion of exotic weeds (India Biodiversity Portal, 2019).

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on the Global Spread of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrani Roy
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Spreading Disease

This article investigated whether the atmospheric temperature had any role in the spread and vulnerability to COVID-19 worldwide and how that knowledge can be utilized to contain the fast-spreading disease. It highlighted that temperature was an important factor in transmitting the virus, and a moderately cool environment was the most favourable state for its susceptibility. In fact, the risk from the virus is reduced significantly in high temperature environment. Warm countries and places were likely to be less vulnerable. We identified various degrees of vulnerability based on temperature and specified countries for March and April. The maximum reported case, as well as death, was noted when the temperature was in the range of around 275°K (2°C) to 290°K (17°C). Countries like the USA, UK, Italy and Spain belonged to this category. The vulnerability was moderate when the temperature was less than around 275°K (2°C) and countries in that category were Russia, parts of Canada and few Scandinavian countries. For temperature 300°K (27°C) and above, a significantly lesser degree of vulnerability was noted. Countries from SAARC, South East Asia, the African continent and Australia fell in that category. In fact, when the temperature was more than 305°K (32°C), there was a unusually low number of reported cases and deaths. For warm countries, further analyses on the degree of vulnerability were conducted for the group of countries from SAARC and South East Asia and individual countries were compared. We also showed countries can switch from one vulnerability state to another based on the variability of temperature. We provided maps of temperature to identify countries of different vulnerability states in different months of the year. That influence of temperature on the virus and previous results of clinical trials with similar viruses gave us a useful insight that regulating the level of temperature can provide remarkable results to arrest and stop the outbreak. Based on that knowledge, some urgent solutions are proposed, which are practically without side effects and very cost-effective too.

SOUTH-EAST ASIAN FARMER PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 1740006 ◽  
Author(s):  
BABATUNDE O. ABIDOYE ◽  
PRADEEP KURUKULASURIYA ◽  
ROBERT MENDELSOHN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Farmer Perceptions ◽  
Policy Responses

A survey of farmers in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam reveals that farmers are keenly aware of even slight changes in their climate. Over 90% of the farmers interviewed perceived small changes in temperature or precipitation patterns where they lived. Over half claimed to have changed their irrigation, timing, or crop choices because of climate change. Although the link between perceived changes and stated adaptations is weak, farmers are aware of the types of changes they need to make in response to climate change in South-East Asia. Adaptation responses must be firmly grounded in not only local conditions, but also the views of participants at the front lines of climate change impacts. The knowledge base of farmers grappling with the challenges of climate change must be taken into account when policy responses to support adaptation are formulated.

Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
South America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infects a wide range of cultivated legumes. It causes severe mosaic and/or necrosis on the leaves, stems and pods of beans (Phaselous), cowpea (Vigna) and soyabean (Glycine max). Yield losses of 64-80% have been recorded in groundnuts in Kenya (Bock et al., 1976, 1977) and 10-100% in soyabean in Brazil and Argentina (Brown and Rodrigues, 2017). The virus is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. CPMMV is considered endemic to Africa, but has spread to India, South-East Asia, South America, the Caribbean, Puerto Rico and Mexico. Introduction of the virus to Puerto Rico, and possibly also Mexico, is thought to have been through infected seed from South America and perhaps Africa. The virus poses a threat to soyabean production in the USA and, if introduced into mainland USA, CPMMV has potential to spread through seed, on infected ornamental or vegetable transplants, and by the viruliferous whitefly, itself if previously associated with a virus-infected host.

scholarly journals The Overkill

Oryx ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Roth
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
The Usa

The huge number of wild monkeys used for research purposes, more than half of them in the USA, has alarmed conservationists all over the world. The author of this article shows how wild stocks especially of rhesus monkeys have declined as a direct result, and suggests ways in which the wastage now going on could be avoided until research workers become sufficiently alarmed at the prospect of no more wild animals being obtainable to put money into breeding their own supplies. The author is drawing on more than ten years' experience of collecting zoo animals and research primates in Africa and south-east Asia and twenty odd years of zoo animal maintenance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document